Both the active voice and the passive voice of English can be used for abstraction. Active voice is often used to introduce the work done by the author. Scientific research papers reflect objective things, so passive voice is more used to express objectivity.

The first sentence of the original abstract usually starts with the third person, but now it tends to start with a simpler passive voice or prototype verb. For example, describe …, study …, investigate …, evaluate …, determine …, and develop a flash flood classification model and a dangerous area mapping model based on GIS. It is best not to use the first person when writing, so as to facilitate the editing and publication of abstract publications.

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