The answer should naturally be given according to the requirements of the test questions. As far as the appreciation of ancient poetry is concerned, it can be roughly summarized into five question-and-answer modes. This paper analyzes with examples for your reference.

The first mode analyzes the artistic conception: what artistic conception did this poem create? Question variant: What kind of picture does this poem depict? What thoughts and feelings did the poet express?

Answer analysis: This is one of the most common questions. The so-called artistic conception refers to the imaginary realm created by the combination of objects (that is, images) that entrust the poet's feelings. Including scenery, emotion and environment. Three aspects are indispensable when answering questions.

Steps for answering questions: ① Describe the picture shown in the poem. Candidates should grasp the main scenery in the poem and reproduce the picture in their own language. When describing, one should be faithful to the original poem, the other should be recreated with one's own association and imagination, and the language should be beautiful.

② Summarize the characteristics of the atmosphere created by the scenery. Generally, two disyllabic words can be used, such as lonely and cold, quiet and beautiful, vigorous and magnificent, bleak and desolate, etc. , and should pay attention to accurately reflect the characteristics and emotional appeal of the scenery.

③ Analyze the author's thoughts and feelings. Don't be empty, but give specific answers. For example, it is not enough to answer "expressing the author's sentimental feelings", but also to answer "sentimental" why.

Answer: A: This poem depicts a beautiful scene of early spring: the spring is bright, the fields are green, the river reflects the sun, the spring breeze brings the fragrance of flowers and plants, the soil melts into the soil, the swallows are busy building their nests with the soil, the sun is bright, the beach is warm, and Yuanyang is still sleeping on the sandbar (step one). This is a beautiful spring scene (step 2). Two quatrains expressing the poet's happy and leisurely mood after he settled in exile (I)

Du Fu has beautiful scenery and fragrant flowers and plants in spring breeze.

Swallows are busy nesting in wet mud and sleeping in pairs on the warm beach.

Note: This poem was written by the poet when he temporarily lived in Chengdu Caotang after "four tours at one year old".

What kind of scenery does this poem depict? What kind of feelings did the poet express? Please analyze it briefly.

Questioning method: What kind of expression is used in this poem? Title change: please analyze the expression (or artistic technique, or technique) of this poem. How do poets express their feelings? What's the effect?

Solution analysis: Expression technique is a method used by poets to express their feelings. To answer questions accurately, you must be familiar with some common expression skills. Expression techniques can be divided into three categories: lyric techniques, descriptive techniques and rhetorical techniques.

There are two kinds of lyric techniques: direct expression and indirect lyric. "Oh, how can I bow and scrape to those high-ranking and high-ranking people whose sincere faces will never be seen?" Is to express one's thoughts directly. Indirect lyricism can be divided into borrowing scenery to express feelings, such as "chilling and wailing, pavilion at night, shower at first"; Expressing one's will by holding objects, such as Mo Mei and Yin, are generally poems about objects; Keep things in mind, such as "half an acre of square pond is open, and the sky is * * *. The question channel is so clear that it is generally a philosophical poem, because there is running water at the source.

Descriptive techniques mainly include: (1) contrast, positive contrast and negative contrast. Just like "Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, not as good as Wang Lun". This contrast is also dynamic and static, such as "moonlight in pine forest, crystal stone in stream"; The sound is silent, such as "the sunrise scares the bird, when it flows in spring"; Sad emotions are set off by happy scenes, such as "green grass stains the steps in spring and birds sing happily under the leaves" (2) Lenovo and imagination, also known as the combination of reality and reality, such as "wild flowers stay rare, green grass sees clothes." (3) comparison. (4) draw a line. For example, "if you plant a millet in spring, you will reap 10 thousand seeds in autumn." There is no idle field in the field, and farmers starve to death. "

The rhetorical device that often appears in ancient poetry: (1) Bi Xing. Such as "Guan Guan Luo Yu, in Hezhou. My fair lady, a gentleman is good. " Let's talk about what else caused what was sung. (2) metaphor. (3) personification. (4) exaggeration. ⑤ Pun. For example, "sunrise in the east and rain in the west, the road is sunny but sunny", and "sunny" means emotional "affection". (6) allusions. For example, "a strong business woman doesn't know how to hate her country, but still sings" backyard flowers "across the river." In addition, there are rhetorical questions, rhetorical questions, irony and so on.

Answer steps: (1) Point out exactly what technique was used. (2) Explain why this technique is combined with poetry. (3) This technique effectively conveys the poet's feelings.

Example of answer: Pre-answer: Mainly use the comparison method (step 1). Before dawn, the stars criss-cross and are particularly bright, which reflects the darkness of the night: "Grass insects sing" reflects the silence of Chen's environment (step 2). The contrast between the two highlights the loneliness brought by the poet's early travel and inner wandering (the third step).

Dewdrops invaded the camel's brown, Han Xiao was bright, and the stars were dry and bright.

Lonely bridges and dreams, grass insects in the depths of rice fields are singing.

What does this poem mainly express? What's the effect?

The third mode analyzes the linguistic features: What are the linguistic features of this poem? Question variant: Please analyze the language style of this poem. On the language art of this poem.

Solution analysis: this question type does not require trying to figure out the clever use of individual words, but tastes the language style of the whole poem. Words that can be used to answer questions generally include: fresh and natural, unpretentious, gorgeous and gorgeous, clear and fluent, multi-spoken, euphemistic and implicit, bold and unrestrained, graceful and graceful, concise and vivid. ...

Answer steps: (1) Use one or two words to accurately point out the language features. (2) Analyze this feature with relevant sentences in the poem. (3) Point out how the author's feelings are expressed.

For example, the answer is: Spring Complaint A: The language of this poem is fresh and natural, colloquial (the first step), and "yellow" is a children's voice, which shows the innocence and femininity of women. "They woke her up when she was dreaming, drove away the orioles, and drove away all the music on the tree. She went to Liaoxi camp to be with him. "In simple language, the oriole was beaten because it disturbed her dream of missing her husband (step 2). This is a very natural expression. When she was dreaming, they woke her up and she went to the camp in western Liaoning to be with him. Miss your husband (Step 3).

Please analyze the linguistic features of this poem.

The fourth mode is to refine the font and ask: What is the most vivid word in this couplet? Why? Problem variant: one sentence has always been praised. What do you think of it?

Solution analysis: the ancients paid attention to refining words in poetry, which is to ask for the beauty of these refining words. When answering questions, you can't talk about this word in isolation, but put it in sentences to analyze the artistic conception and emotion of the whole poem.

Answer steps: (1) Explain the meaning of words in sentences. (2) Expand the association and put the word in the original sentence to describe the scene. (3) point out what kind of artistic conception the word sets off, or what kind of feelings it expresses.

An example of the answer: Nanpu Bie Bai Juyi A: I agree. Look, in the poem, it means to look back (the first step). I left people, and I often looked back. Every time I look back, I feel deeply grieved.

In the bleak drudgery of Nanpu, the autumn wind is bleak. This word makes us seem to see the tearful image of the lyric hero (step 2). Just one word "look", I will try my best to take a look at my intestines so that I can't turn back. Obviously showing the sadness of parting (step 3).

According to the predecessors, the word "Kan" seems ordinary, but in fact it is very vivid and can really reveal the image of the lyric hero. Do you agree with this statement? Why?

The fifth mode is "one word leads the whole poem": one word is the key to the whole poem, why?

Solution analysis: ancient poetry is very particular about conception, and often a word or a word constitutes the clue of the whole poem. Grasping this word proposition can often test the examinee's grasp of the whole poem.

Answer steps: The role of the word (1) in highlighting the main idea. (2) Consider the role of words in the structure of poetry.

One spring night in Los Angeles, I heard the sound of flute and Li Bai's flute flying, and the spring breeze filled Los Angeles. A: "Folding willow" means "parting", and the theme of poetry is homesickness (the first step). This homesickness comes from hearing "this serenade". Who can't afford to be homesick? It is caused by the flute sound in "Folding Willow" (Step 2). It can be seen that "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem.

The word "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem. What is the moral of "breaking willow"? Do you agree with "key"? Why?