Location context
Golmud City is located in the west of Qinghai Province, on the south-central edge of Qaidam Basin, and belongs to Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province. The whole jurisdiction consists of two unconnected areas: Qaidam Basin and Tanggula Mountain. Qaidam basin is the main part of the urban area, located in the southwest of Qaidam basin, bordering on Hoh Xil Nature Reserve in the south, dulan county in the east, Dachaidan and Mangya administrative districts in the north, and Ruoqiang County in Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in the west, with geographical coordinates of 3511'-37 48' north latitude and 91east longitude. It is 450 kilometers long from east to west and 225 kilometers wide from north to south, with an area of 7 14 14. 10 square kilometers. Tanggula Mountain is located in the southwest of Qaidam Basin, bordering Xizang Autonomous Region in the south and southwest, and Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the east and north, with geographical coordinates of 32 44 ′-34 56 ′ north latitude and 89 39 ′-93 30 ′ east longitude. It is 425 kilometers away from Golmud City, 293 kilometers long from east to west, 173 kilometers wide from north to south and covers an area of 47,540.08 square kilometers. The total area of Golmud is 1 18954.6438+08 square kilometers.
Geological landform
The terrain of the area under the jurisdiction of Golmud City is complex, which can be roughly divided into two parts: the basin plateau and the northern foot of Tanggula Mountain. The plateau of the basin is 2625-3350 meters above sea level, and the topographic structure and geomorphological features are generally concentric. From the southern edge of the basin to the center, there are mountains, Gobi, wind erosion hills, plains and salt lakes in turn. According to landform types, it can be divided into mountains and plains. Mountains can be divided into extremely high mountains, high mountains and Zhongshan mountains. Extremely high mountains are distributed on the main ridges of Tanggula Mountain and Zurkenwula Mountain. Above 5800 meters above sea level, the relative height difference 1000-2500 meters. It is a mountain with extremely high ups and downs, and the height of the mountain peak is generally above 6000 meters. The highest peak is the winter snow peak of bin Laden, with an altitude of 662 1 meter. The high mountains are distributed in Buerhanbuda Mountain to the east of East Kunlun Mountain in the south of Golmud City, Songwula Mountain to the west of Golmud River and Zurkenwula Mountain in Tanggula area. Zhongshan is located at the northern foot of Buda Mountain in Borhan, with an altitude of 3000-4000m and a relative height difference of 200- 1000m. It belongs to the moderately undulating Zhongshan and the moderately undulating Zhongshan, and the mountain trend is consistent with the high altitude mountains.
The plains in Golmud City can be divided into high altitude plains, high altitude flood plains, middle altitude flood plains, middle altitude lacustrine plain, middle altitude salt lake sedimentary plains and middle altitude denudation plains. High-altitude plains are distributed in the intermountain basins and valleys of Tanggula Mountain and Zuerkenwula Mountain at its western end. The high-altitude flood plain is mainly located in the wide valley area at the headwaters of Nalenggele River and Golmud River, with an altitude of about 4,000 meters and composed of pebbles. The middle-altitude alluvial plain is distributed in the piedmont zone on the north side of Buerhanbuda Mountain, and is formed by connecting alluvial fans formed by Golmud River, Dazaohuo River, Wutumeiren River and Nalenggele River. The middle altitude alluvial plain is located in the north of Dagule-Golmud-Wutumeiren line. The middle altitude-Chong lacustrine plain is distributed between the flood plain and the salt lake sedimentary plain. The middle-altitude salt lake sedimentary plain, also known as salt chemical sedimentary plain, is distributed on the east and west sides of Dabusen Lake and Dongtai Jinaier Lake, and the boundary between the northern part of Gansen Lake and Golmud City. The middle altitude denudation plain is distributed in the northern and northwestern border areas of Golmud City.
The southern edge of Golmud basin area is Kunlun Mountain from east to west. The main peaks are Bukadaban Peak, Wula Mountain in Sha Song, Malan Mountain, Ketage Mountain in Bocage and Wula Mountain in Tang Ge. Tanggula Mountain is the boundary mountain of Tibet. The main peaks are Wulan Wula Mountain, Zuerken Wula Mountain, Geladandong Mountain and Little Tanggula Mountain.
climate
The area under the jurisdiction of Golmud City belongs to the continental plateau climate, with little rain, windy and dry, long and cold winter and short and cool summer. The average annual rainfall is only 4 1.5mm, but the evaporation is as high as 3,000 mm. The sunshine time is long, with an average of 3358 hours per year, and the light and heat resources are sufficient. Tanggula Mountain City is a typical alpine landform with a cold climate, only in winter and summer, with an annual average temperature of -4.2℃, an extreme high temperature of 35℃ and an extreme low temperature of -33.6℃. There is no absolute frost-free period. The annual average precipitation is 284.4 mm, and the annual evaporation is 1667 mm.