Gao Erdun, a British biologist and psychologist, was the founder of eugenics. He was the first person to advocate the testing movement. In the process of studying genetic problems, he realized that it is necessary to measure the characteristics of people who are related by blood and those who are not related by blood to determine their similarity.

He designed many simple tests, such as judging the length of lines and the weight of objects, trying to estimate the level of personal intelligence from the measurement results of various sensory discrimination. Gao Erdun was also a pioneer in applying rating scales, questionnaires and free association.

In the history of psychological testing, American psychologist J.M.Cattell occupies a particularly prominent position. Cartel studied in Germany in his early years and studied under Feng Te.

1888 When he was teaching at Cambridge University in England, he was very close to Gao Erdun and was deeply influenced by him.

After returning to the United States, I sorted out dozens of tests, including measuring muscle strength, movement speed, pain sensitivity, audio-visual sensitivity, weight discrimination, reaction time, memory and other similar items. His article "Psychological Test and Measurement" published in 1890 pioneered the term "psychological test".