. The History of Ancient Military System in China (Military Science Press, edited by Zhan Liu, 1992) holds that the military leadership system of the Ming Dynasty "was manifested in the local military leadership institutions. First of all, the central government sent a general commander to guard the fixed location to replace the original commander and become the actual highest officer in the local area. " In addition, the book also discusses the establishment and perfection of the local military leadership system from the perspectives of "the formation of the commander-in-chief system", "the establishment of the local system in which generals guard towns", "the implementation of the governor-governor system in which local military and political power is monopolized" and "the general establishment of the garrison road in put in order with military and political decentralization in a certain area". Mr. Fan's On the Evolution of Military System in Ming Dynasty (China Historical Research No.2, 1998) elaborated on the military leading institutions and military leading systems in detail. He believes that there are two parallel leadership systems in the Ming Dynasty, wartime and peacetime, and the emergence of the general commanders is the inevitable product of the wartime leadership system. "In the early Ming Dynasty, the local top military officer was in the capital, changed to company commanders, changed to the governor, and changed to the governor. This transformation is basically carried out in two directions: first, the peacetime system is transformed into a system that combines peacetime and wartime, and second, civilian officials participate in military management and strengthen control over the military. " Xiao Lijun pointed out in the article "A Preliminary Study on the Border Guard and the Foreign Guard System in the Ming Dynasty" (Journal of Tianjin Normal University, Social Science Edition No.2, 1998): "Since the orthodoxy, the Ming Dynasty has turned from prosperity to decline, and internal troubles and foreign invasion have become more serious. In this case, the north and other places are always in a state of combat readiness, and there is no distinction between "conquest" and "rotation". The company commander changed from a temporary general and a marshal to a fixed general. In fact, the garrison system has been transformed into a garrison system (this transformation started at the beginning of Yongle at the latest). In order to strengthen the control of the army, the Ming court adopted the strategy of controlling the army from the inside, governing the army with culture and controlling the size. " Lin Shiliang briefly mentioned the setting and responsibilities of the general commander of grain transportation in the article "A Preliminary Study on the Military System of Grain Transportation in Ming Dynasty". (3) Taiwan Province Province and Japan have basically not carried out the research on the general system. Taiwan Province is the most diligent and fruitful scholar in the study of the military system in Ming Dynasty, while Yu's research mainly focuses on the guard-forbidden system and the military household system in Ming Dynasty. Lin Weikai briefly included Jiangnan and Langshan in the category of central officials in the fourth chapter of the book "Joint Defense between Rivers and Seas in Ming Dynasty-Construction and Defense of River-Sea Interchange" (published by Ming History Research Group). Japanese historians began to pay attention to the military history of Ming Dynasty in 1930s and 1940s, but there were not many research results. Yamazaki's Research on Military System of Ming Dynasty (Li Yan 194 1 1 Volume 1 1 Issue, 12) gives a general discussion on the military system of Ming Dynasty. This phenomenon was improved after World War II. On the research of military history and military system, there are Zheng's Textual Research on Family Planning in Ming Dynasty (Historical Theory, Volume 37, 1952), S Tamura's master's thesis Jiubian Town in Ming Dynasty (Mr. Shi Bang memorizes the Oriental Studies series), and Mr. Shi Bang's The Society of the Ancient and the Rare, etc. 1960), Yan's Ming People Enriching the People and Northern Defense (Oriental History Research 19-2, 1960), and Aoyama Naoko's Examination of Marshal Zhu (Juntaishi 13, 1963). Ban Kao analyzed the health care system through Wei Xuanshu, and successively published papers on the General Staff Department system, such as Defense of Ban Jun, Heredity of Health Care Officials, Wei Lei Form of Health Care Officials, Health Care Staff, New Health Care Officials and Their Descendants, and the Borrowing Grade of Health Care Officials. As far as the author knows, there is Anami Korehiro's "Examination of General Officers in the Early Qing Dynasty" (Minutes of National Defense University 15, 1967), from which it can be seen that no Japanese scholars paid attention to the system of general officers in the Ming Dynasty and published it as a paper. Third, the research ideas and historical materials selection This paper uses historical materialism and dialectical materialism in the writing process to comprehensively, objectively, accurately and accurately evaluate historical events, people and the system itself. Through consulting, combing, comparing and textual research, this paper attempts to conduct a comprehensive and systematic study on the formation of the general system in Ming Dynasty. At the same time, we should know why, and pay special attention to summarizing and summarizing the deep-seated reasons for the formation and development of the general system on the basis of a comprehensive narrative of historical facts. In the choice of historical materials, the author insists on Ming History as the basic historical material, supplemented by Ming History, Guoque, Miscellaneous History, notes, local chronicles and inscriptions, and explores the historical background of its evolution on the basis of textual research. At present, some experts and scholars think that the records of the Ming Dynasty are not credible, based on the fact that Judy, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, tampered with the records of Taizu twice during Yongle, thus questioning the authenticity of the records of other dynasties of the Ming Dynasty. The author thinks that Ming Taizu Judy tampered with the records of Taizu, focusing on the so-called identity of her eldest son, the major events that Hongwu participated in in later period, and the compulsion and legality of her self-enlistment. There should be no major changes in the appointment of the commander-in-chief, the development and changes of previous wars, and the system of the commander-in-chief, and the authority and credibility of Ming History cannot be completely denied. Mr. Xie Gui 'an, an expert on Lu, said: "Research on Japanese Ming History in Recent Ten Years", Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Ming and Qing History, page 3l: .6-Introduction: "In Lu, there are most authentic books, and their value can never be denied because of the phenomenon of disguised Qubi". Mr. Xie also pointed out: Sir, a scholar in Taiwan Province believes that "as far as the historical materials left over by the Ming Dynasty are concerned, The recording of national history is often taboo, but the date and year recorded in the original archives are more reliable than those recorded in other books. Although unofficial history can ask inside information, there are many rumors and often too many nonsense. But what is recorded in the family history is that there are many bones in the tableland, which is so beautiful. To review the mistakes in unofficial history's family history, we still need to use the real materials in the record. " I deeply admire and fully agree with Mr. Huang's point of view. Our teacher, Mr. Fan Hu, has repeatedly warned us, "We should take Lu as the basic point of our argument. If the records of other history books are inconsistent with the real records, we should believe the real records and never use the materials of later history books to deny the records. Only in this way can we understand the true face of history. " (1) Xie Gui 'an: A Study of Ming History, Wuhan: Hubei People's Publishing House, 2003, pp. 454 and 456. (2) (Taiwan Province Province) Huang Zhangjian: "The National Peiping Library proofreads the red-checked Shi Minglu" contains the first volume of "Maolu, Lu Shi, Shi Ming", which was proofread by the Institute of History and Language, Academia Sinica, 1962, p. 24-25. The first chapter of the master's degree thesis of Heilongjiang University is the historical origin of the general system. The word "company commander _" appeared in history books very early, and the first appearance of the word "company commander" can even be traced back to the Northern Song Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty embodied the wartime dispatching nature of the general commanders, and senior officials in various provinces served as general commanders for many times, which was particularly prominent in the last years of the Yuan Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang inherited the military system of Yuan Dynasty for a long time, and experienced a process from chaos and carelessness to initial perfection. The first section expounds the meaning of company commander and the origin of company commander system. Although the word "company commander" has been associated with unified generals and military operations for a long time after its appearance, as a verb, the meaning of "commanding the army" is obvious. It was not until the Northern Song Shenzong period that the title of "company commander" appeared for the first time. However, cautiously speaking, as a wartime conquering system, the company commander system of the Ming Dynasty was actually born out of the company commander system of provincial officials in the Yuan Dynasty. First, the definition of company commander and the origin of the word "Lian Chang Chuan" The word "company commander" first appeared in the books of the later Han Dynasty. According to historical records, "When Jianwu died in the spring of the ninth year, he called (Feng) for a new guard, called General Lu and put him in the camp. And the death of Xiao Wei, Wang Yuan, Zhou Zong, etc. Tao Zichun was re-established, and the company commanders of Judah were based in Hebei. Gongsun Shu sent Zhao Kuang and others to rescue him. Before the Yuan Dynasty, this word appeared many times in the official history of past dynasties. Here are a few examples: "In the battle between the Party and the Yin, Wang Yue of the East China Sea went to Xiapi, and if he didn't accept it, he would return it to China. Di Xing, Yue Hua (1) Official List of Past Dynasties, Volume 57, History Department's Ge Si Quan Shu 360, Official List Category, Taipei: Commercial Press, 1983, p. 300. ② (Southern Song Dynasty) Ye Fan: The Book of the Later Han Dynasty (Volume 17), Biography of Feng Yi, Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1965, p. 65 1 page. Zhao.