Composition writing skills: how to arrange detailed writing and short writing
The statue of Balzac, the great writer, is on display at the Paris Museum of Art, France. Strangely, his statue has no hands. Where are his hands? It was cut by artist Rodin with an axe. Why did Rodin cut off the hand of Balzac statue? It turned out that in the middle of the night, Rodin finally finished the statue of Balzac and was very satisfied. He woke up the students all night to admire the statue. His students looked at the statue over and over again. Later, their eyes gradually focused on the hand of the statue: Balzac's hands were folded on his chest, which was very realistic. Students can't help saying:? Great, teacher, I have never seen such wonderful hands! ? The smile on Rodin's face disappeared. He suddenly went to the corner of the studio, picked up a big axe, went straight to the statue and cut off those pairs? Perfect hands? .
Rodin's statue is to show Balzac's spirit and temperament, but now the hand (secondary part) is prominent. When people look at the statue, they only appreciate the perfection of their hands and ignore the main content. So Rodin cut off the hands of the statue to highlight its significance.
Sculpture is like this, so is writing. Only by arranging detailed writing and sketching around the center can the narrative focus be highlighted.
Then, in the process of narration, how to arrange detailed words and sketches?
First, we should briefly write out what happened and the result, and write down the development process in detail. When things happen, they often explain the time, place, people and reasons, and the result part of things is often to write the ending or point out the center of things. They are only side details in the whole thing, or in the whole article, so write them briefly. The development process of things is the whole thing and the main part of the whole article, which embodies the central idea and needs to be written in detail.
Second, a little narrative? Face? Write it briefly. Point? Write in detail. ? Face? The content on the screen is often to render the atmosphere, explain the background and play the role of foil. ? Point? Online content is often the focus of articles, which directly reflects the central idea. Of course, when paying attention to the details, we can't ignore the slightly crude part of the writing. Although it is only a few strokes, if it is used well, the article is focused and the theme is distinct. Green leaves set off red flowers? The role of.
Narrative writing guidance for senior high school entrance examination
First, understand the characteristics of narrative writing
Narrative is an article that records and narrates some people and things we see, hear, experience and come into contact with in our life. To write a good narrative, we should master four elements of narrative, namely, time, place, people and events (cause, development and result). When using these elements, we should pay attention to the specific time and place; The appearance of characters should promote the development of the plot, and the cause, development and result of the narrative should be written completely, regardless of size.
(1) Several ways of expression of narration: narration, description, lyricism and discussion.
Narration is to record and describe the experiences, activities and development of characters.
Description means using vivid language to describe people, things and environment, giving people real feelings.
Lyricism is to express and express one's feelings.
Discussion means telling the truth, that is, the author expresses his views and attitudes through comments on objective things.
1. Narrative and description are the most basic expressions of narrative, and the combination of narrative and description is the basic requirement of narrative writing:
(1), narrative is to introduce the changes of people or things and their relations to readers through general narrative and account, which runs through scattered scenes and fragments of things, so that readers can have a clear understanding of the development and overall picture of things;
(2) Description On the basis of narration, describe in detail the specific existing state and changes of people, events and scenes in vivid language, and create a feeling of seeing is believing, listening is listening, and being there, so that readers are infected by art and leave an unforgettable impression. If the narrative lacks description, it will be dull and pale, the theme is not prominent, the image is not clear, and the scene is not touching. Of course, the description should be appropriate and serve the center. The so-called appropriateness means highlighting characteristics, conforming to identity, writing changes and various techniques.
There are various description methods:
A, from the description object, there are generally three kinds: character description, mainly portrait description, action description, language description and psychological description. Description of scenery (also called environmental description), including natural environment and social environment; Detail description can overlap or cross with character description and scenery description to form a complete description of people and environment.
B, from the perspective of description, there are positive description (also called direct description) and side description (also called indirect description). Positive description refers to the author's direct description and description of the object of description (people, things and environment); Profile description means that the author expresses the object to be described by describing the people or environment around him, that is, indirectly portraying and depicting the object to make it stand out.
C, from the description style, there are stick figures and detailed drawings. Sketch, that is, using the simplest words, without rendering and contrast, without strong color description, without using rhetorical devices such as metaphor and personification, without using adjectives or adjectives, grasps the main characteristics of the object of description and describes the essential characteristics of things or the mental outlook of characters. Narrative, clear lines, concise; Writing people, in a few words, reveals the mentality of the characters, such as meeting people and describing them in detail, that is, describing the objects in detail, and using rhetorical devices such as metaphor, personification and exaggeration, symbolizing, contrasting and rendering to make the written objects vivid and touching.
2. In the narrative, on the basis of narrative description, appropriate lyricism and discussion can not only enhance the appeal and expressiveness of the article, but also highlight the center of the article. There are three kinds of lyricism and discussion in narration: first narration (description) and then discussion (performance), first narration (description) and then discussion (performance), and first discussion (performance) and then narration (performance). The use of argument and lyric should proceed from the need and be used properly. Too much will make the content of the article ambiguous.
3, in the narrative, sometimes need to explain, but this can only be used when necessary, otherwise it will affect the use of too much.
(2) There are four commonly used narrative sequences: direct narrative, flashback, insertion and supplementary narrative.
1, described in chronological order, according to the chronological order of events and characters, has the advantages of clear hierarchy and easy to reflect the consistency of plot development, such as one side. When using chronological order, we should pay attention to the connection and change of details and plots, otherwise it will make people feel unremarkable.
2. Flashback is to describe and introduce the plot that happened later in advance, and then describe the plot that happened before. This method can highlight the theme or key points, leave suspense for readers, and thus attract readers to continue reading and be fascinating. Such as "the second exam". When using flashback, we must explain the cause of the matter clearly and contact nature. If it is not handled properly, the article will be out of line and chaotic.
3. Interpolation is a narrative method in which narrative clues are temporarily interrupted and some contents related to the main plot are inserted in order to help the plot progress in the process of narrative center events. For example, in "Hometown", the memory of moistening the soil as a teenager is inserted. Proper use of narrative can expand the theme, enrich the content and deepen the theme.
4, supplementary narrative, that is, in the narrative process, with a small amount of words to make a brief supplementary explanation of the characters or events. For example, "this is not? A meteor? Me? After remembering, use the dialogue to add that grandma has? Gone? .
Narrative is an article with narrative description as the main means and narrative content as the main content, which can be divided into two categories, and the content and center can be determined according to needs. The writer should express the characters through concrete and vivid facts, avoid lengthy and empty evaluation and description, and express the mental outlook of the characters through the description of their language, movements, portraits and psychological activities, so as to make the article vivid and touching. Narrative mainly expresses some thoughts and intentions by describing the cause and effect of events. This involves the order of narration, and as long as it is used well, good results can be obtained. However, in an article, not only one method is often used, but also a comprehensive application. As long as it is used properly, the structure of the article can be changed more and the arrangement can be more flexible, thus achieving better artistic effects. Notes and writers cannot be completely separated, but can only be relatively focused. You can't record without people, and you can't write without things, because any event requires people's activities, and people can only be vivid and powerful in the event. In an article based on notes, it is necessary to describe the event completely, focus on writing people, and focus on expressing people. The event can be left incomplete.
High school argumentative writing guidance
Argumentative writing is a style in which the author analyzes and comments on a certain issue or thing, and shows his own views, positions, attitudes, opinions and propositions. Argumentative writing has three elements, namely argument, argument and argument. The basic requirements of an argumentative essay are: correct viewpoints, serious generalization, practical significance, and proper comprehensive use of various expressions; The arguments are basically: true and reliable, fully typical; The basic requirement of argument is that reasoning must be logical.
When writing an argumentative essay, you should consider the argument, what to use as an argument to prove it, how to demonstrate it, and then draw a conclusion. You can put forward a general argument first, then discuss it separately, analyze each sub-argument, and finally draw a conclusion; You can also quote a story, a dialogue, or describe a scene first, and then analyze the facts layer by layer and draw new conclusions. This way of writing is called total score, which is commonly used by middle school students. You can also ask a question that everyone cares about at the beginning of the article, and then answer it one by one, step by step, which is a difficult way to write. It also requires the author to compare two different things in the opposite way, and then draw a conclusion, which is comparative writing.
Argumentative writing is a style that uses logic, reasoning and proof to explain the author's position and viewpoint. This kind of article either puts forward some views and opinions from the front, or refutes other people's wrong views. Comments in newspapers, essays or feelings in daily life all belong to the category of argumentative essays.
Argumentative writing, also called argumentative writing, is a style of analyzing things, discussing things, expressing opinions and putting forward opinions. By stating facts, reasoning and distinguishing right from wrong, the author can determine whether his point of view is right or wrong, and establish or deny a proposition. Argumentative writing should have clear thinking, sufficient arguments, concise language, reasonable arguments and strict logic.
First, the three elements of argumentative writing
Argumentative writing mainly includes three elements: argument, argument and argumentation method. The argument must be correct. This argument is used to illustrate this argument. It should be reliable and sufficient. Facts speak louder than words and are the best argument. Arguments can also be accepted truths and philosophies that have been tested by practice. There are many ways to demonstrate, and the commonly used methods are:
1. induction
From the typical analysis, that is, the analysis of individual things, find out the similarities and differences of things, and then draw conclusions.
2. Reasoning method
Starting from the general principle, explain and analyze individual things, and then draw a conclusion.
3. Inspection method
Compare all the facts and aspects, then analyze them and draw a conclusion.
4. Refutation method
First list the wrong views, then refute them one by one, and finally clarify your own views.
Second, the characteristics of argumentative writing
The structure of an argumentative essay generally consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion sentence. Generally, an argument is put forward in the introduction part, that is, the theme of the article, and favorable facts are put forward in the body part. After strict argumentation, the conclusion is finally drawn according to the previous arguments.