Teachers are disseminators of human cultural and scientific knowledge and moral concepts, and shoulder the social responsibility of cultivating cross-century talents. Nowadays, the world is in the era of rapid development of high technology, and the requirements for a qualified and competent middle school physics teacher are getting higher and higher. In addition to their noble professional ethics, good psychological quality, solid professional knowledge of physics and strong hands-on ability, they should also have the ability to engage in physics education, teaching research and express teaching experience and research results in exact language and words.
First, how to conduct teaching research
(A) the purpose and significance of middle school physics teaching research
Teaching research is a basic skill of middle school physics teachers in modern teaching. It is a purposeful, planned and active scientific research activity to explore the laws, principles and methods in middle school physics teaching practice and the problems that need to be solved urgently in related teaching. The research of middle school physics teaching is the need of middle school physics teaching reform, the need of the transition from exam-oriented education to quality education, the need of improving the basic skills of modern teaching and the need of improving the teaching quality of middle school physics teachers.
(B) the content of teaching research
The content of teaching research can start with the following problems: studying the syllabus and teaching materials of physics in nine-year compulsory education, studying the teaching methods, learning methods and teaching rules of physics from the perspective of physical pedagogy and physics teaching theory, studying how to cultivate students' ability in the teaching process, studying the psychological characteristics and psychological obstacles of students in the process of learning physics, and studying how to solve difficult problems in physics.
1. Study the new syllabus and new textbooks.
According to the teaching plan promulgated by the State Education Commission, the middle school physics teaching syllabus stipulates the purpose, task, scope, depth and breadth of knowledge and skills in the form of an outline, and gives some principled guidance or puts forward some principled requirements on teaching means and teaching methods. The textbook is a teaching book that systematically describes the physical content according to the provisions of the syllabus, and it is the concrete embodiment of the content stipulated in the syllabus. In the teaching process, we must study the syllabus and teaching materials carefully and repeatedly to make the teaching process go smoothly.
2. Study teaching methods and learning methods.
The process of physics teaching is a process of infiltrating ideological education, imparting knowledge, cultivating ability, training skills and inspiring thinking, so that students can be cultivated with correct scientific attitudes and methods. In this process, we should embody the principle of "taking students as the main body and giving full play to the leading role of teachers" and correctly handle the relationship between them. For a long time, due to the educational traditions and concepts in China, people pay more attention to the research of teaching methods, which is of course absolutely necessary. In contrast, the study of learning methods is not enough. In the process of forming students' learning ability, learning method is an internal factor that plays a direct role, because the value of any teaching method needs to be realized through the transformation of learning method. From this perspective, the study of learning methods is more meaningful. In addition, we have not paid enough attention to this field for a long time. Today, while studying teaching methods, we pay more attention to the study of learning methods, which is more realistic and targeted.
3. Study the causes and solutions of physical difficulties.
It is a common phenomenon that physics is difficult to learn, as it is in China, and foreign countries are no exception. For most students, there are many reasons why physics is difficult to learn, which can be summarized as follows: from the characteristics of physics itself, first of all, students have no in-depth understanding of physical concepts, laws and theories, let alone strong abstract thinking ability; Second, without a solid mathematical foundation, it is impossible to use mathematical knowledge flexibly to solve physical problems; Third, I have not developed the good habit of observing phenomena and strong hands-on ability. Judging from the role of non-intelligence factors, students have no strong interest in physics and lack correct learning motivation and tenacious learning perseverance. Objectively speaking, some chapters of the textbook do not conform to the process of learning and understanding. The content of the textbooks in junior and senior high schools is steep, teachers do not pay attention to mobilizing students' learning enthusiasm, and students do not master the correct physics learning methods. In addition, there is the influence of the baton of the college entrance examination. The tactics of asking questions about the sea lead students to "deviate from the learning direction", which makes most students feel that physics is difficult to learn and the teaching quality is not high.
After finding out the reasons, starting with mobilizing students' learning enthusiasm, cultivating students' learning interest and correct learning purpose, teaching them correct learning methods and good learning habits, and adopting the method of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude for different types will certainly receive good learning results and achieve the purpose of improving teaching quality.
4. Study how physics teaching can serve the cross-century talents training.
According to the compulsory education law, physics teachers should first change their educational concept, and make it clear that physics teaching in middle schools should give full play to the educational role of physics teaching, and change the situation of teaching only by imparting knowledge, so as to serve the improvement of the scientific and cultural quality of the whole nation and the cultivation of cross-century talents. Cross-century talents have two meanings: one is a large number of talents who master modern production technology, and the other is excellent physics talents who adapt to high-tech development, and the two cannot be neglected. It is difficult for a person without basic knowledge of physics to adapt to modern life, and it is impossible for a person without basic knowledge of physics to master modern science and technology. Although there are few top talents, they are our essence, academic leaders in all walks of life in the future, and the vanguard of high-tech development in 2 1 century. Ignoring the training of a few top talents will make us suffer big losses in the next century. The cultivation of excellent physics talents must start from middle school. These top students should have three conditions: first, they have the spare capacity for all-round development, second, they have a strong interest in physics, and third, they are committed to physical science research. The cultivation of outstanding students can not be satisfied with imparting knowledge, but more importantly, improving their scientific quality, laying a foundation for them to make a difference in their future scientific career. The quality education of excellent physics talents lies in the following aspects: understanding ability, problem-solving ability, creativity, self-study ability and practical ability.
(C) Teaching research methods
Teaching research is an indispensable and important teaching activity in school teaching and one of the main ways to establish a normal teaching atmosphere in school. School leaders should advocate research, attach importance to research, organically combine research with teaching, promote research through teaching and promote teaching through research, so as to achieve the dual effects of improving teachers' level and teaching quality. Physics teaching research should take the physics teaching group as a unit, put forward a research plan that is synchronized with the class but appropriately advanced every semester, determine the research topic and content, clarify the research purpose, share the topic with you, and make full preparations. During the discussion, the speech of the People's Center was mainly prepared, which was supplemented and improved by other comrades, leading the research in depth. When there are different opinions, we should advocate expressing our opinions and arguing according to reason, so as to achieve a unified understanding and then implement it in teaching. If a problem is not clear at the moment, you can make further preparations, study again, or ask scholars to give a counseling speech. On the basis of school research, then participate in a wider range of research activities.
The methods of teaching research are flexible and diverse. The above is based on the discussion method. In addition, there are methods of combining special report with discussion, introducing typical experience with discussion, and combining actual investigation with discussion.
Second, how to write teaching research papers
(A) the purpose and significance of thesis writing
Physics teachers have accumulated rich teaching experience in long-term teaching practice and participation in teaching research activities. If they want to improve their understanding and deepen their theory, they must sum up in a planned way, find out the regular problems and express them in the form of research papers, which will greatly improve teachers themselves and inspire, learn from, and promote others. This is an effective way to improve teachers' research ability, and it is also the basic skill of modern teaching for middle school physics teachers. We don't want middle school physics teachers to be just "teachers", but to be subject leaders or physics education and teaching experts who can not only teach, but also engage in research and have the ability to write research papers.
(B) the method of writing papers
1. Topic selection
Choosing a topic is the starting point of writing a thesis. It plays a fundamental role in paper writing and is an important link in the formation of papers. The quality of topic selection is directly related to the academic value and social value of the paper. The topic of the thesis should come from the practice of teaching reform and participation in teaching and research activities, otherwise it will become passive water and rootless wood, and even if the thesis is written, it will have no academic value and promotion value.
Thesis topics should follow the following principles:
(1) ideology
The topic must have distinct ideological content, conform to the viewpoints of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, embody the party's educational thought, comprehensively implement the party's educational policy and the spirit of "three orientations" in education, and make physics teaching serve the training of cross-century talents. In addition, the topic selection should conform to the general trend of education reform: developing intelligence, cultivating ability, reducing students' burden and facing all students. The principle of ideological content is the soul of studying the topic selection of papers.
(2) scientific nature
Scientificality means that the topic selection of the paper should be carried out under the guidance of scientific theory and reflect objective laws. Scientific teaching process is an important part of modernization-oriented education. To promote the scientific process of our topic selection, we only rely on experience and intuition. Although the written paper has certain guiding significance in some aspects, it is not necessarily universal because of the lack of scientific theoretical guidance, analysis and demonstration, and naturally it lacks scientificity. Only by choosing practical topics under the guidance of theory can scientific papers have universal significance in practice. Science and practicality complement each other. The topic selection of physics teaching research papers should be guided by physics theory or educational teaching theory to reflect the scientific nature of physics teaching. Science is the lifeline of scientific research papers in middle school physics teaching.
(3) Academic nature
It refers to the topic of a paper that systematically and concretely reflects the exploration, research and application value in middle school physics education and teaching. Because of its theoretical development and breakthrough in the field of physics teaching in middle schools, some sub-topics have been studied. The author has his own unique views on the problems discussed in the topic, and puts forward amendments and clarifications to the mistakes in textbooks or newspaper articles, or novel explanations and supplementary inferences. Such a topic gives others inspiration in physics teaching, which has guiding significance and popularization value. (4) Feasibility
The topic selection should be reasonable and feasible. Starting from the present situation of physics education and teaching in China, starting from the teaching practice of our region, our school and myself, this paper reflects on the problems that need to be solved urgently or will appear soon in middle school physics teaching, so as to make the written paper instructive and operable. For example, topics such as "how to connect compulsory textbooks with elective textbooks" and "how to cultivate students' divergent thinking and intuitive thinking in physics teaching".
2. Type of topic selection
Generally speaking, the topics of teaching research papers can be roughly summarized into the following four types:
Theoretical study of (1)
It refers to the theoretical problems of physics pedagogy, physics teaching theory and middle school physics learning methods; Theoretical problems that have been encountered or will be encountered in current physics education and teaching; The contradiction between the original theory and teaching practice; For the time being, I can't see the practical application, but it has great guiding significance in the future; Trend problems in the development trend of international physics education.
① How to carry out patriotic education in combination with physics teaching?
② How to combine physics teaching with dialectical materialism ideological education.
③ Study the characteristics of modern students and choose the most suitable teaching method.
④ How to guide physics teaching with the viewpoint of "Three Theories".
⑤ Study how to reduce students' burden and improve the quality of physics teaching.
⑥ To study students' psychological obstacles in the process of learning physics and guide physics learning.
⑦ Study the basic modern teaching skills that middle school physics teachers should have.
How to explain some key problems in the basic knowledge of physics in middle school from the viewpoint of theoretical physics?
(2) Basic research
Physics is a basic subject and the foundation of modern science and technology. Physics course in middle school is a basic course, which lays a foundation for cultivating architectural talents in 2 1 century, and also for students studying science and engineering to adapt to the requirements of high technology after entering colleges and universities. Basic research is an important part of middle school physics teaching research, which mainly studies the basic knowledge of middle school physics textbooks.
(1) Study the method of force analysis of objects.
② Teaching research on Newton's laws of motion.
③ Teaching research on the law of conservation of momentum and energy.
④ Friction teaching research.
⑤ Study the application scope of classical mechanics.
⑥ Teaching research on the law of electromagnetic induction.
(3) Experimental research
Physics is a science based on experiments. Physical experiment is an important part of physics. It is the practical basis for inducing physical laws and producing physical hypotheses, and it is also an important basis for verifying physical laws. Physics experiment should cultivate students' observation ability, thinking ability and operation ability, and the experimental process is a comprehensive learning process. In middle school physics teaching, experiment is the basic means to realize the intelligent goal of physics teaching, the main way to cultivate students' operation skills and the important link to develop students' non-intelligence factors. Therefore, we can't ignore the topic selection of physical experiment research.
① How to cultivate students' observation ability and thinking ability through physical experiments?
② How to cultivate students' practical ability through physical experiments.
③ How to cultivate students' scientific attitudes and methods through physical experiments.
④ How to cultivate students' interest in learning physics through physics experiments.
⑤ Psychological research of middle school students in the process of physics experiment.
⑥ How to use multimedia to assist physics teaching.
⑦ How to design physics experiment with microcomputer?
(4) Examination research
Examination is a measure of learners' knowledge and ability. It can stimulate the initiative of the subjects and make them study harder. At the same time, examination is also one of the important means to discover, identify and select talents at an early stage. School examination is the main method to check the teaching effect and obtain feedback information, and it is also an important means to evaluate students' achievements and measure whether students have achieved the prescribed teaching objectives. This is the fundamental purpose of choosing relevant examination questions as the topic of our thesis, which is essentially different from the one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate. After the implementation of the "3+2" new college entrance examination, the test questions not only keep the original basic characteristics of the college entrance examination, but also put forward higher requirements for the examination of ability, highlighting the ability test and paying attention to the examination of problem-solving methods. ① How to cultivate students' analytical ability and comprehensive ability in physics examination?
② Study how to guide students to analyze and choose physical processes.
(3) To study the obstacles and elimination methods of mind-set in the process of solving physical problems.
(4) Several principles of high school physics exam questions.
⑤ Summarize physics propositions from 1995 junior high school to senior high school, and study students' common problems and solutions.
⑥ Find out the problems existing in students from the summary of 1995 college entrance examination, and study how to cultivate and examine their own abilities.
⑦ Study how to enhance the ability to take exams with the migration law.
⑧ Study the application of intuitive thinking in problem solving.
Pet-name ruby ability to study how to use mathematical knowledge to solve physical problems.
3. Genre structure of the paper
The general requirement of writing a thesis is that the argument is correct, the argument is sufficient, the content is substantial, and the teaching experience, experience and research results are truly reflected. This is the principle that we must abide by when writing a paper, and it is also an important measure to measure the quality of the paper. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the logic of the paper structure, the rigor of argument and the refinement of language.
The overall structure of a general paper can be composed of the following parts. The title should reflect the central content of the paper with striking and concise words, so that readers can quickly judge whether it is worth reading. For example:
On the Cultivation of Excellent Physics Talents (1) (Shu Yousheng)
How to Cultivate Students' Ability to Analyze Physical Processes (2) (Guo Yumin)
The solution of the extreme value problem in middle school physics (3) (Zhuang et al. )
The Education of Infiltrating Scientific Methods in Physics Teaching (IV) (Liu Weiwen)
The preface is usually at the beginning of the article, briefly explaining why we should study this problem and what problems we want to solve when writing this paper.
Text This is the main part of the paper, and the arrangement of the text should be orderly, clear and detailed. The author is required to correctly explain his own thoughts, viewpoints and methods, make full use of first-hand materials, and elaborate his own experience or research results in detail, completely and emphatically, so as to inspire, innovate and gain something after reading, which is helpful to improve physics teaching.
In general, the main points of the paper are briefly summarized in short words at the back of the text, or suggestions for further research are put forward for unsatisfactory research results.
Acknowledgement If this paper or research results are guided by experts or famous teachers or assisted by comrades in the research unit in the process of writing and research, a thank-you sentence can be attached at the end if necessary, which is also a polite question.
Appendices usually put detailed raw data, experimental records, formula derivation and other materials that are inconvenient to put into the text at the back of the article in the form of appendices.
References should be listed at the back of the appendix, in primary and secondary order, with serial numbers, which are of great reference value to the paper when writing or doing special research, and are convenient for others to textual research or further study. When quoting newspaper articles, be sure to indicate the name, publisher, year of publication, author's name, and some important opinions and conclusions cited, and it is best to indicate the page number.
5. How to write high-quality papers
How to understand high quality? We believe that there are two main signs to measure the quality of an empirical article or research paper: the academic value and social value of the paper. The so-called academic value refers to the theoretical problems encountered in modern physics education, teaching and physics teaching reform, the contradictions exposed and some regular problems that need to be solved urgently, and the new ideas and viewpoints put forward in theory are original and innovative in solving problems; In methodology, some effective and good methods that conform to the teaching rules and cognitive rules have been explored and recognized by physics education and teaching experts. The so-called social value means that the paper can promote some problems in physics education and teaching, have a positive impact on physics teaching, and put forward solutions to some problems in physics teaching, which is recognized by the majority of physics teachers. To meet the above requirements, teachers should:
(1) You should have rich experience in physics education, teaching and research, pay attention to observing, summarizing and accumulating first-hand information at any time, and carefully analyze, summarize and sort out, especially in the word "research".
(2) Don't stay at the stage of experience accumulation, but study hard on physics pedagogy, physics teaching theory, middle school physics learning methods, physics teaching psychology and learning psychology theory, as well as new ideas and new viewpoints of physics itself, and use these new theories, new ideas and new viewpoints to guide teaching and scientific research and to guide the writing of papers.
(3) always pay attention to access to relevant information and learn from other people's experience and research results. Always exchange information with the outside world, understand the education and teaching trends, grasp the research direction, stand at the forefront of physics teaching reform, and never lock yourself in an "isolated system". Today's physics education and teaching should be an "open system", in order to stand tall and look far, and to write a good paper.
(4) Have a certain writing ability, make the questions clear, and always pay attention to improving the writing level. Poor writing ability is probably a weakness of science teachers and one of the reasons why physics teachers are unwilling to write, which must be overcome.
6. Several problems that should be paid attention to in writing papers
(1) Before writing, there should be a writing outline, which is the framework of the paper and the necessary condition for writing a good paper. When writing an outline, the main idea and central content should be determined, and the paper should be divided into several paragraphs, each paragraph should explain what problems, and pay attention to the organic connection between the paragraphs.
(2) The article should be structured, clear-cut, logical and targeted. If you want to talk about a problem, you must make it clear, make it clear, highlight the key points, and don't drag your feet.
(3) Empirical articles should highlight their own experience, with specific content, so as to make it organized, and raise the experience to the theoretical level for others to learn. To demonstrate an article, it is necessary to have a clear point of view, sufficient arguments and clear reasoning, and it is best to have typical examples, or based on the data of investigation and research, to avoid empty discussion. Articles with fruitful research results should explain our guiding ideology in detail, clarify the research methods and brief process, and the research results should be true, complete and accurate.
(4) Have an honest and scientific attitude. Any teaching experience or research results are only relative truths, which should truly reflect the true colors of things, neither exaggerating nor narrowing, but being appropriate. If you have any imperfections in your own experience or research results, you should explain them clearly at the back of the article so that others can continue to move forward on your basis. When others question their own articles, be modest and reasonable. When you have different opinions on the viewpoints and theories of other people's articles, you should convince people by reasoning, adopt the attitude of discussion, discussion and research, express your opinions and let a hundred schools of thought contend. This is the demeanor of a scholar.
(3) Evaluation of the thesis
How to evaluate a paper has the following criteria for reference.
Whether the viewpoints and contents of ideological articles conform to the party's educational principles and policies; Whether it conforms to the direction of deepening education and teaching reform; Whether it is conducive to the implementation of the purpose and requirements of the physics teaching syllabus in compulsory education middle schools.
There is no scientific mistake in explaining the knowledge problems in middle school physics textbooks from the point of view of theoretical physics. The basic viewpoints, guiding ideology and research methods of the article are innovative and original, rather than simply repeating other people's viewpoints. We can summarize the basic laws of teaching from the theoretical height of physics education and physics teaching theory.
Practicality plays a guiding role in solving the problems existing in middle school physics teaching at present, and has reference value.