Content: 1. The legal system and system construction lag behind the economic system construction.
At present, China is in a period of economic restructuring and rapid economic growth. Judging from the development process of many countries, a country in this period is often a period of high incidence of corruption. According to the statistical analysis of the economic development data of 100 countries and regions by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, the per capita GNP of a country is at the stage of 265 to 1075 dollars, which is the most intense stage of social change and the biggest stage of political, social and ideological change. At this stage, there are often a lot of social problems, such as rising prices, serious unemployment, high crime rate and environmental pollution. Including corruption.
Corruption often occurred in this period, on the one hand, because the construction of system and legal system often lagged behind economic construction, and there were some loopholes and weak links in management, which made corrupt elements have loopholes to drill; On the other hand, due to the rapid economic development during this period, there will be a shortage of resources, which will further aggravate the imbalance of resource allocation and objectively provide opportunities for corrupt elements to abuse power for personal gain.
The establishment and perfection of the market economy system is a long-term matter, and it has generally gone through hundreds of years or even longer in western developed countries. China's socialist market economic system has been established for a short time, and the process is also very fast. The management system and supervision and restriction mechanism that meet the requirements of market economy development have not been well established. Administrative behavior, enterprise behavior and market behavior are not strictly regulated and effectively restrained, and democracy and legal system are not perfect, which makes the breeding and spread of corruption have objective conditions and the possibility of multiple occurrences.
Second, the negative impact of the market economy
On the one hand, the development of market economy can promote the development of productive forces, on the other hand, it will also bring some new problems. For example, the profit maximization principle of market economy can stimulate people to pay attention to efficiency, urge people to pay attention to management, reduce costs and improve labor productivity. At the same time, it is easy to induce people to be mercenary, money first and extreme individualism; For example, the competition principle of market economy can make people feel a sense of crisis and urgency, stimulate people's subjective initiative and enthusiasm, and is conducive to economic and social development. However, it may also lead some people to take unfair competition, use contacts to run the door, and corrode and win over leading cadres. In addition, the power held by some leading cadres is relatively concentrated, and the power operation lacks transparency and effective supervision and restriction, which is prone to corrupt behaviors such as trading power and money.
In this regard, we should not only strive to build a market economic system, but also fully understand the new problems brought about by the market economic system, learn from its strengths and avoid its weaknesses. We should not only use the principles of market economy to develop the economy, but also overcome its negative side and prevent corruption through our work.
Third, there are various negative factors in the ideological field.
Internal cause is the basis of change, and external cause is the condition of change. The emergence of corruption is related to the wrong ideas in people's minds. At present, there are still some negative factors in the ideological field:
1. The residual influence of feudalism. Feudal society has a history of more than 2,000 years in China, and its main features are: First, cruel exploitation. Landlords occupy land, and farmers can only cultivate the landlord's land. The second is feudal autocracy. The government is presided over by individual will, and the imperial power is supreme. The third is bureaucratic rule. The fourth is small-scale production. That is, one household as a unit, decentralized management. The long-term existence of this mode of production is easy to cultivate selfish and extreme individualism. China has only established the socialist system for more than 50 years. These feudal remnants can not be eliminated in such a short time, but will exist for a long time, and will always be manifested in various forms. Once conditions are ripe, they will grow and spread.
2. The erosion of decadent capitalist ideas. Opening to the outside world is a road for us to become a strong country. However, while introducing foreign capital, technology and management experience, decadent bourgeois ideas, culture and lifestyle will also take advantage of it. In addition, western hostile forces have stepped up the strategy of "Westernization" and "Differentiation" against China, which has greatly eroded the party style and social atmosphere.
3. The reform and opening up and the development of socialist market economy have had a profound impact on people's thinking. In the process of reform, opening up and developing the socialist market economy, people's thoughts are very active and mixed because of the increasing diversification of social and economic components, organizational forms, interest subjects and employment methods. Under this condition, some weak-willed cadres in party member can't stand the test, and their world outlook, outlook on life and values are easily distorted, which breeds some wrong ideas.
4. Social distribution does not affect the psychological imbalance of some cadres and producers in party member. Implementing the distribution system of giving priority to distribution according to work and coexistence of various modes of distribution is conducive to optimizing the allocation of resources and mobilizing the enthusiasm of workers. However, under the condition of imperfect distribution adjustment mechanism, the distribution gap between various economic components is gradually widening, resulting in unfair social distribution. In many fields, the contribution and wealth created by individuals for society are often not directly proportional to the returns they get from society, especially the low income of party and government cadres, which makes some of them psychologically unbalanced.
Fourth, the benefits of corruption outweigh the costs of corruption.
The cost of corruption refers to the economic and political costs incurred by corrupt people for personal gain. Corruption income refers to all kinds of illegal income obtained by abusing power for personal gain. Because a corrupt person is rational, an economic man, and the subject who pursues profit maximization, when he judges that his expected "corruption cost" is greater than his own "corruption gain", he will not commit corruption. On the contrary, when he judges that his expected "corruption cost" is lower than his "corruption gain", he will commit corruption. Marx once said: "once there is a proper profit, capital will be bold." If there is a profit of 10%, use it everywhere; With a profit of 20%, it will be active; With 50% profit, you will survive and take risks; For the profit of 100%, it dares to trample on all laws in the world; For 300% profit, it dares to take any crime, even the risk of strangulation. " As far as China is concerned, the cost of corruption in some areas is far lower than the income of corruption. For example, 1998, the property found by the relevant departments from the home of Qi Huogui, former secretary of the Municipal Party Committee of Dongfang City, Hainan Province, actually reached140,000 yuan. The court made statistics when trying relatives. Qi Huogui and his wife have worked for more than 20 years. Even if they don't eat or drink, their total income is only over 200,000 yuan, which is quite different from that of 1400 yuan. Faced with such huge corruption gains, it is undoubtedly very attractive to stakeholders. According to the principle of economics, any low-cost and high-yield behavior will inevitably bring high risks at the same time. But as corruption, it has its particularity. Generally speaking, corruption is almost always combined with the exercise of power, often wearing a legal coat, which is not only low or no cost at all, but also an uncertain factor whether it can be exposed, that is, the risk coefficient is not large. Even if it is found, it is often because the law is not perfect, and many things can't be decided, that is, there are often many means to reduce or evade punishment, such as light punishment, graded punishment, parole, and medical parole. The so-called "deal with me, the world is happy." In this way, it will inevitably lead to some audacious corrupt elements flocking to it.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) The anti-corruption policy is not implemented thoroughly.
Since the reform and opening up, the CPC Central Committee has always emphasized that "both hands should be grasped and both hands should be hard" in view of the new situation and new problems in building a clean and honest party style in the new period. In the whole process of reform and opening up, we must persistently carry out the anti-corruption struggle, which requires the whole party to start work and the party and government to work together. However, there are still some regions and departments that oppose economic development and corruption, and have not conscientiously implemented the central decision-making arrangements. Anti-corruption work in some regions and departments only stays in meetings, speeches and documents, without paying attention to the implementation of the work and engaging in formalism; Some regions and departments have imperfect management systems, weak management work and many loopholes; Some regions and departments failed to implement the responsibility system for building a clean and honest government, and did not seriously supervise and inspect the implementation of anti-corruption tasks within their jurisdiction; Some leading cadres don't lead by example, and even bring bad atmosphere in a region or department, causing many corruption problems; Some leading cadres adhere to the principle of "good people" and are afraid of offending others, and enforce the law with leniency and severity. Due to the above reasons, the situation that the party and the government are working together to fight corruption has not yet formed in some regions and departments, so that some corruption phenomena that can be suppressed through subjective efforts have not been effectively suppressed. (