With the rapid development of the world economy and the progress of modern science and technology, B2B e-commerce logistics industry, as a new service sector in the national economy, is developing rapidly all over the world. Internationally, B2B e-commerce logistics industry is regarded as the artery and basic industry of national economic development, and its development degree has become one of the important symbols to measure a country's modernization and comprehensive national strength, and it is known as the "accelerator" and "the third profit source" to promote economic development. As a newly developed industry in recent years, China's B2B e-commerce logistics industry is getting larger and larger, with higher and higher scientific and technological content, which is increasingly showing the great effect of new economic growth points.
In recent years, China B2B e-commerce logistics market demand and modern logistics industry have entered a period of rapid growth. A number of super-large state-owned logistics enterprises have joined the third-party logistics market. In the past three years, 70% of logistics service providers have experienced an average annual business growth of 30%. However, on the whole, due to the constraints of China's economic development level and many factors affecting the healthy development of the logistics industry, the overall scale and development level of China's logistics industry are still relatively small.
At present, China's existing B2B e-commerce logistics enterprises can be roughly divided into the following categories:
1. Specialized logistics enterprises directly under the central government, that is, materials storage and transportation companies specializing in production materials and Sinotrans companies. Warehousing is mainly aimed at the interior of the system, so business flow and logistics are separated and subject to administrative control.
2. Local professional logistics enterprises, that is, the storage and transportation companies and grain storage systems of local commercial systems, are completely subject to local administrative leadership.
3. Part-time logistics enterprises, that is, logistics enterprises integrating logistics and business flow, account for a large proportion and the number is also increasing.
The development status of B2B e-commerce logistics industry in China is summarized as follows:
(1) The domestic economy is growing strongly, and the scale of the logistics market continues to expand.
The domestic economic aggregate has leapt to a new level, achieved a historic breakthrough, and the internal vitality of economic growth has been further enhanced. In 2009, China Airlines completed the total turnover of scheduled flights of 654.38+0.38 billion ton-kilometers, up by 654.38+09% over the previous year, and the world ranking jumped from the ninth in three consecutive years to the sixth, surpassing the Netherlands, Singapore and South Korea, becoming a veritable aviation power. The top five countries are the United States, Japan, Britain, Germany and France. At present, the above statistics do not include Hongkong, Macau and Taiwan Province Province.
(2) Enterprise logistics is still the focus of logistics activities in the whole society, and the demand for specialized logistics services begins to appear.
In recent years, with the formation of buyer's market, enterprises have begun to have a deeper understanding of the "third profit source" in the field of B2B e-commerce logistics. Optimizing internal logistics management and reducing logistics costs have become the strongest desire and requirement of most domestic enterprises.
At the same time, the demand for specialized logistics services came into being, and the development momentum was extremely rapid. First, multinational companies have great demand for efficient and professional B2B e-commerce logistics services during their production, operation, sales, distribution and procurement activities in China. Wholly foreign-owned enterprises and Sino-foreign joint ventures will further release the logistics demand of household appliances, clothing, automobiles, daily chemicals, supermarket chains, medicine, tobacco and other industries, which is a very important market foundation for promoting the development of China's logistics industry. The second is the demand of domestic superior enterprises for specialized logistics services. At present, there are a number of competitive enterprises in China, such as Haier Group, Tsingtao Brewery and Shanghai Baosteel. In the process of market expansion, on the basis of constantly optimizing the internal logistics system, we have begun to try and use specialized logistics services and played a leading role in the start of the logistics industry. Thirdly, in some emerging economic fields, such as private enterprises, express delivery services and e-commerce, there is also a certain scale of logistics service demand.
(3) Specialized logistics enterprises began to appear, and diversified logistics services developed to a certain extent.
In recent years, many logistics enterprises in China's economy are mainly composed of three parts:
First, international B2B e-commerce logistics enterprises, such as Danish favorable logistics company. On the one hand, these international logistics companies provide extended logistics services for their original customers-multinational companies to enter the China market. For example, Denmark is conducive to providing logistics services for maersk shipping companies and their shippers; On the other hand, in view of the emerging and developing demand for specialized logistics services in China market, large international logistics enterprises such as UPS and TNT are entering the express delivery market in China.
The second is a logistics enterprise transformed from traditional transportation, storage and transportation and wholesale trade enterprises. They rely on the original logistics business foundation and advantages in customers, facilities and business networks, and gradually transform into modern logistics enterprises by constantly expanding and extending their logistics services. For example, in the cooperation with Motorola (China), according to the development of customer market and the change of logistics demand, Tianjin Air Transport Company, a subsidiary of Sinotrans, constantly standardized, adjusted and innovated the logistics service content of enterprises, improved the service quality, and made the logistics service content develop from simple air transport to full logistics service. The service area expanded from Tianjin market to the whole country, and the service scale grew from the initial few goods to hundreds of tons per month, making it the most important logistics service provider in Motorola (China).
Traditional state-owned transportation and warehousing enterprises implement asset reorganization and process reengineering to accelerate the transformation to third-party logistics enterprises. Such as COSCO Logistics, Sinotrans Logistics, China Railway Logistics, China Post Logistics, China Storage Logistics, China Shipping Logistics, Port Logistics, Civil Aviation Logistics, CIMC Logistics, Transportation Logistics, etc. These large state-owned enterprises have taken three paths: first, the overall transformation and upgrading to logistics enterprises; Second, integrate internal logistics resources and set up logistics companies; Third, establish Sino-foreign joint ventures or domestic joint-stock logistics companies with foreign or domestic legal persons.
Third, emerging specialized B2B e-commerce logistics enterprises, such as Baogong Logistics Company in Guangzhou and Huayuntong Logistics Company in Beijing. Relying on advanced business philosophy, diversified service means and scientific management mode, these enterprises have won the market position in the competition and become a force to be reckoned with in the development of logistics industry in China.
(4) The development of logistics infrastructure and equipment has begun to take shape, and information construction is the general trend.
After years of development, China has made great progress in logistics infrastructure and equipment such as transportation, storage facilities, communication, waste packaging and treatment, which has laid the necessary material foundation for the development of logistics industry.
In terms of transportation, China has built a comprehensive transportation system consisting of five parts: railway transportation, highway transportation, waterway transportation, air transportation and pipeline transportation, and has made great progress in the construction of transportation lines and stations and the transportation of vehicles and equipment. In terms of storage facilities, in addition to freight hubs, stations and other storage facilities in the transportation field, the storage facilities in China's commercial, material, foreign trade, grain, military and other industries are relatively concentrated. Storage facilities have developed rapidly in recent years, and the annual investment scale shows a rapid growth trend.
At the same time, the informatization and modernization of logistics enterprises have been widely concerned, and the informatization level of equipment is getting higher and higher. Without the application of information network technology, there would be no modern logistics. Logistics information technology involves electronic data interchange (EDI), point-of-sale information management system (POS), enterprise management system (ERP), bar code and identification system, wireless communication (WAP), Internet technology (WEB), electronic ordering system (EOS), supply chain management system (SCM), global positioning system (GPS), geographic information system (GIS) and so on. In recent years, the improvement of management image of logistics enterprises and the logistics transformation of some enterprises are mostly reflected in the improvement of information system and customer service level. In order to summarize and promote the experience of IT enterprises and logistics enterprises, China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing recommended 16 logistics solution to the whole country after expert review.
(5) The development of logistics industry is attracting great attention from governments at all levels.
Due to the great attention of governments at all levels, logistics laws and policies are constantly refined and improved, from theoretical discussion to practical operation. China has established the NVOCC business management system. This is of great significance to standardize the operation of NVOCC, which is conducive to preventing and reducing maritime fraud and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the parties.
At present, the governments of Shenzhen, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shandong and other places attach great importance to the development of local logistics industry and have begun to study and formulate regional logistics development plans and related promotion policies. Among them, Shenzhen has clearly regarded the logistics industry as one of the three pillar industries supporting Shenzhen's economic development in the 2/kloc-0 century, and has initially formulated the development strategy of the logistics industry. Beijing has conducted a comprehensive research and planning on the logistics facilities system needed for the development of the logistics industry; Tianjin is also actively studying and formulating the Outline of Modern Logistics Development in Tianjin according to the needs of urban functional orientation and logistics economic development.
(6) With the rapid development of domestic logistics higher education, the scale of logistics higher education is still small.
With the vigorous rise of modern logistics in recent years, there has been a logistics talent fever in the domestic talent market, especially in some foreign companies or joint ventures, which has caused a serious shortage of qualified senior logistics managers in the domestic talent market. The State Education Commission approved eight universities (North Jiaotong University, Beijing Institute of Materials, Beijing Technology and Business University, Southwest Jiaotong University, Harbin University of Commerce, Tongji University, Sichuan University of Technology and Chang 'an University) to offer logistics management majors, plus two schools have logistics engineering majors, 44 schools have transportation majors/schools have oil and gas storage and transportation engineering majors, and six schools have packaging engineering majors, which adds up to nearly 100. Among them, the logistics management engineering specialty of North Jiaotong University was approved by the State Education Commission as the first batch of master's programs in 1982, and later became the only doctoral program in logistics management engineering in China. Although other universities have also set up a master's degree in logistics management or logistics engineering, because they started late, logistics talents are still in short supply compared with the huge domestic logistics market, which is very helpless.
(7) Foreign logistics companies should seize the logistics market in China.
With China's entry into WTO and the rapid development of B2B e-commerce logistics industry, foreign logistics enterprises have entered China in succession, and the logistics industry has become a new investment direction of foreign capital, such as investing in supermarket chain distribution centers, logistics infrastructure construction, investment procurement centers, and establishing Sino-foreign joint venture logistics companies. Two-thirds of the world's top 50 retail enterprises have entered China, and these multinational groups have set up purchasing centers in China, which has enabled the related logistics industry to start rapidly. Multinational logistics companies quickly entered China and cooperated with China enterprises to expand their market share. Take the cooperation between FedEx and Tianjin Datian Group as an example. The two parties jointly established Daejeon FedEx Co., Ltd., and its business has expanded to 265,438+00 cities in China, with an annual growth of 30%.
Foreign logistics giants have brought us new business ideas and management methods, improved our technical level, and brought great pressure to our own logistics industry.
At present, more than 60% of the international express delivery market in China is occupied by international express delivery giants such as DHL, UPS, FedEx and TNT, among which DHL's share has reached an astonishing 37%. DHL's investment in the Asia-Pacific region accounts for 65,438+0/3 of its global investment, while its investment in China exceeds that of any other Asian country or region.
The dispute between the national postal department and international express delivery enterprises has become increasingly fierce. The Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation and the State Post Bureau have repeatedly issued relevant documents to restrict the business of international express delivery enterprises in China. FedEx and other four major express delivery companies in the world handle the entrustment formalities in the State Post Bureau, so as to ensure that their international express delivery business in China will not be affected. Facing the fierce competition of foreign B2B e-commerce logistics enterprises, the development pressure and opportunities faced by China's logistics industry are increasingly prominent. Making the overall strategic deployment as soon as possible will be beneficial to the healthy development of China's B2B e-commerce logistics industry.