As the saying goes, "no pen and ink, no reading". Real reading should be done with heart, mouth, eyes and hands. Write down the information or feelings you got during your study. This is a reading note.

Second, the types of reading notes

1, symbolic comment

When we read, we use various symbols (such as lines, curves, brackets, triangles, question marks, etc. ) Underline important or questionable places in the book, or write comments in the blank space of the book. This kind of note is symbolic.

Symbolic notes make the key and difficult issues in the book easy to read, and prepare for outline notes, excerpts and other forms of notes.

Comment on writing can be a summary of a paragraph in the book, an experience, or a question expressed without understanding a certain problem in the book.

When taking symbol notes, please pay attention to the following points:

(1) The book you read must be your own. Don't scribble books in the library or books borrowed by others.

(2) The meaning represented by each symbol should be fixed by itself and should not be changed at will. For example, straight lines indicate important content, "……" indicates wonderful sentences or beautiful words, "indicates places that should be paid special attention to" and "?" Indicates a problem that has not yet been understood. In the future, you should use these symbols according to your own regulations.

(3) Don't make too many symbols. If the whole page is circled, crossed and all become the focus, that is to say, without the focus, the symbol loses its meaning.

(4) Be clear and tidy. Don't make the book so dirty that you can't read the original clearly.

Take Gorky's Haiyan as an example;

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On the vast sea, the wind is rolling dark clouds. Between the dark clouds and the sea, Haiyan flies proudly like black lightning.

One moment the wings hit the waves, the other moment the arrow hit the dark clouds, and it shouted-in the brave cry of the birds, the dark clouds heard the joy.

In this cry-full of longing for the storm! In this cry, the dark clouds heard the power of anger, the flame of enthusiasm and the confidence of victory. ?

Seagulls groaned before the storm came-groaned, and they flew around the sea, trying to hide their fear of the storm into the depths of the sea.

Step 2 extract notes

Taking notes is to copy down some incisive, philosophical and enlightening contents we see from books and newspapers. This method seems troublesome, but it is actually a good way to save time and effort to accumulate knowledge. Abstraction can deepen your understanding and memory, and you will realize the benefits of taking notes when you look it up later.

Pay attention to the following questions when taking notes:

(1) should be copied selectively. Copy down the most useful and enlightening contents in the text, and every copied note should be "few but precise". "Less" means fewer words, and "essence" means grasping the main points of content.

(2) Be faithful to the original text. There is a passage in the book that we think is quite good and want to copy it down. When copying, I feel that one word is awkward to use, so I use another word instead, which is not good. Since it is an excerpt, it is necessary to copy it according to the author's writing, not only the words and phrases can not be changed, but also the punctuation marks can not be changed. In a paragraph, words that don't need to be extracted before, after and in the middle can be represented by ellipsis.

(3) indicate the source. Each material should indicate which page it was copied from and who the author is. If you copied it from a newspaper or magazine, you should write down the name and date of the newspaper or magazine. Also indicate the title and author of the article. This is convenient for future use.

Step 3 edit notes

See good articles or other useful materials in the newspapers and magazines you subscribe to, cut them out in time, and cut and paste notes after finishing. This method is quick and simple to collect materials.

Clipping notes should pay attention to the following points:

(1) When making cut-and-paste notes, you should classify them according to different contents. You can prepare several notebooks to paste newspaper clippings, or you can divide a notebook into several parts and paste Chinese knowledge, historical knowledge, knowledge of nature and so on.

(2) The content of each segment should indicate the source and time. That is, from which magazine or newspaper, which year and which issue, etc.

(3) Short scrapbook notes can also be used as the content of reading cards.

4. Emotional notes

After reading a good book or article, write out your feelings and experiences. This kind of reading notes is a feeling note, also called the feeling after reading.

This kind of reading notes focuses on training students' understanding and expression ability. It is also what we primary school students need when writing. How to write emotional notes, we will study it specially in grades five and six.

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There are too many ways to write reading notes. Students can innovate according to their reading habits. If every good article is compared to a flower, then writing reading notes is like collecting nectar among thousands of flowers. Over time, we will find that reading notes have a multiplier effect on improving our reading and writing ability.

model essay

The following is an excerpt from a fable:

Fable is a magic bag. The bag is small, but you can take a lot of things out of it, even things much bigger than the bag.

Fable is a monster. When it comes to you, it's obviously a story, vivid and it's time to walk away. But suddenly it became philosophy and seriousness.

Fable is a key, which is made up of clever metaphors. This key can open the door of the soul, stimulate wisdom and make the mind active.

A classmate's feelings after watching Zhan Tianyou are written like this:

After reading Zhan Tianyou's article, I can't be calm for a long time.

Zhan Tianyou is a man of backbone from China. 1905, faced with the corruption and incompetence of the Qing government and the ridicule of imperialism, he resolutely accepted the task of building the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. This is his patriotic performance and an example for me to learn.

In order to find a suitable route, Zhan Tianyou draws and calculates under the oil lamp at night, eats and lives with workers, and often asks local farmers for advice. He overcame all kinds of difficulties and completed the railway construction two years ahead of schedule. Think about yourself. When doing math exercises, I am often afraid of difficulties and copy my classmates' answers. How humiliating it is to compare with Zhan Tianyou! I am determined to follow Zhan Tianyou's example and win glory for my motherland when I grow up.

This short review not only expresses that Zhan Tianyou's patriotism is an example for him to learn, but also describes that he was moved by Zhan Tianyou's spirit of "not being afraid of difficulties" and "studying hard". In this way, the content of the article appears scattered and dry, and looks like a "determination book".

It can be seen that writing after reading must choose the point that you feel the deepest and experience the deepest, highlight the key points, and avoid covering everything. Of course, when writing, you should be good at association, according to the main content and spiritual essence of the original text, combined with your own thoughts and life reality.

VI. Summary Notes

That is, summarize the basic content and central idea of the original text in your own words. This method of taking notes is often used when talking about long and medium-length books. It can be written on cards, loose-leaf papers or notebooks. This kind of note-taking requires reading and understanding the original text first, grasping the key points, and then summarizing the basic content, so that the text is concise and to the point, with the aim of enabling oneself to recall the basic content of the book in a few minutes. If it is a narrative style such as a story or novel, it is necessary to grasp its important plot, characters and central idea and summarize it in very concise words; In this case, you can write down the arguments and arguments according to the structure of the argumentative paper, try not to miss the main points, and you can omit the parts of elaboration and argumentation. At the beginning, you can learn to write an outline of the whole book, either before the reference book (or after the book) or taking notes on the outline. Practice writing the paragraph outline of the article first, and find out the regularity from it. Over time, practice makes perfect. This is really a good training for improving the comprehensive induction ability.

Example 1:

Abstract of The Journey to the West's novels;

The Journey to the West is a novel written by Wu Cheng'en in Ming Dynasty. According to the real historical event that Xuanzang, a famous monk in the Tang Dynasty, went to Tianzhu (now India) to learn Buddhist scriptures, he recreated it on the basis of folklore, scripts and zaju. This book is a hundred times. The first seven chapters are about the Monkey King's birth, his journey of seeking Tao, his rushing into the Dragon Palace, his disturbing Yin House and his disturbing Heaven. From the eighth to the tenth time, the Tathagata story, Guanyin's visit to monks, Kevin·Z's beheading of dragons and the birth of Tang Priest were described, and the source of Buddhist scriptures was explained. After the 13th session, the Monkey King was forced to convert to Buddhism to protect the Tang Priest from evil spirits. The novel takes the story of the Tang Priest's Buddhist scriptures as the clue, and the Monkey King, the monkey, as the protagonist, turns social contradictions and natural forces into a colorful magical world, showing the working people's spirit of despising feudal rule, disrupting feudal order, despising violence, overcoming difficulties and resolutely fighting all disasters and evils.

Example 2:

An overview of the novel Song of Youth;

The novel mainly describes the struggle of a group of patriotic young students in Beijing under the organization and leadership of China * * Production Party during the historical period from September 18th to December 9th. Lin Daojing is the protagonist in the book. She is a fragile young man, demanding progress, longing for revolution and indulging in fantasy. However, with the education and help of outstanding party member such as Lu Jiachuan, Lin Hong and Jiang Hua, she finally grew from a petty-bourgeois intellectual to a glorious Communist party member. This book revolves around the protagonist Lin Daojing, and also creates a vivid portrait of young people. For example, Xu Ning, a quiet and naive Wang Xiaoyan, Yu Yongze, a selfish and vulgar person, Bai Liping, a shameless traitor Dai Yu, all have personalities. Through these characters, the novel reflects the anguish, hesitation, struggle and joy of the progressive young students in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's period, and also castigates the meanness, shamelessness and abomination of a few scum, and reproduces the complicated social life at that time, which has strong social significance and cognitive function.

Seven, reading experience

Reading a book or an article, after careful thinking, consulting relevant materials, and connecting with social reality or the reality of personal thought, study and work, there are always some opinions, experiences and understandings, and writing these experiences or understandings down to form a complete and independent article, which is reading experience, also called post-reading feeling. The so-called "sentiment" can be the truth or subtle thoughts learned from the book, the thinking and association inspired by the contents of the book, and the attack and criticism on some ugly phenomena in society caused by reading. In short, the reading experience is formed by systematically sorting out one's feelings after reading. Compared with the various forms introduced above, this is a more demanding form of reading notes.

Writing a good reading experience is an effective way to understand the original content and a good way to improve writing ability. To write a good reading experience, we need to understand its writing rules and pay attention to its writing methods.

1. Read the original text carefully.

As the name implies, the experience of reading is to read first, then get it, and feel it. And "reading" is the premise of "getting", and readers' "getting" should be based on understanding the original text and intensive reading.

2. Introduce the general situation of reading materials.

Reading experience is what you get after reading it, so why you get it should be clear. This requires introducing the content of "reading" at the beginning of the article, that is, summarizing the main points of reading, or the main central idea, or directly quoting some words from the original text. Then, according to the above content, draw your own feelings. This can be said to be a relatively fixed format of writing and reading experience.

3. Must have a clear vision

Reading is new, and writing is innovative. The relationship between reading experience and the original work must be closely related in content; From the point of view, it can be the same or different. If you agree with the viewpoint of a work, you can express your support, support and praise in the reading experience; If you don't agree, you can criticize, argue, reprimand and object. Regardless of praise or disapproval, we must have a clear view and a clear position; Ambiguity and specious will make the article lose its persuasiveness and attraction.

When dealing with the relationship between the original text and feelings, we should pay attention to two issues: first, when there are different views, don't expand, narrow or take it out of context and distort the meaning of the original text casually; The other is that in the case of the same point of view, don't replace feelings with the original, and turn the reading experience into a retelling of the original content.

Step 4 focus

There are various types of reading experiences. You can talk about your feelings and comments from multiple angles and sides around the theme and center of the original text, or you can express your feelings from a certain angle and side. You can not only give full play to some of the contents of the reading materials, but also compare the contents of the book with other reading materials and write your own understanding. However, no matter how you write, you should be good at capturing and expressing what you feel most, and pay attention to focusing on one or several points that you feel most. The most taboo is to cover everything and talk in general terms.

Step 5 have real feelings

As the saying goes, true feelings are only words. A good reading experience can not only let readers see the author's emotional pulse, but also let readers follow the author's emotional pulse to find the emotional place of the original. Pretending, insincere, and even moaning, not only can't please, but also cause readers' disgust.

6. Must be linked with reality

The "acquisition" of reading experience is of course due to "reading", but how to "acquire" is inseparable from one's own ideological reality, work reality or social reality. This is one of the important characteristics of reading experience, and it is also the main boundary that distinguishes it from other styles. Unlike some literary works, reading experience can express the author's thoughts and feelings through artistic images; Unlike some monographs, you can talk about certain business knowledge. Connecting with reality, don't write a report of your achievements, and don't write a book of self-criticism; Pay attention to your discretion, don't talk big, don't talk empty words. Connect with reality, try to develop associations, don't stick to the original text, broaden your thinking and enrich associations.

7. Give priority to discussion

Reading experience belongs to the category of argumentative writing, and discussion should be adopted as the main expression. However, it is different from the general argumentative essay, and often uses the writing method of "narrative plus discussion" to express the central idea. "Narrative" refers to the chapters, paragraphs, sentences and people who have the deepest experience and the greatest education in the articles read. "Discussion" means writing your own feelings on the basis of "narration", which is the deepening of "narration". It must be emphasized that the reading experience should be based on one's own language, and occasionally quoting the original text should have a clear purpose. It only serves the writing experience and cannot be quoted for the sake of quotation. There are several situations to quote the original text: either because of feelings; Or feelings need to be borrowed; Or as an object; Or as a basis for discussion. In short, if it is not for the actual needs of expression, don't quote the original text too much. "Discussion" is the main thing, "narration" is the object, and "narration" serves "discussion" and cannot put the cart before the horse. Under the guidance of this principle, it is often supplemented by lyricism, and the combination of narration, discussion and lyricism is adopted to achieve concise narration, accurate discussion and sincere lyricism.

Often writing about reading experience can not only cultivate and improve writing ability, but also exercise and examine reading comprehension and appreciation ability, which is conducive to promoting the combination of reading and writing.

Example:

Thoughts on Reading The Oil Man

The story "The Oil Man" tells the story of a man named Chen Yaozi who was good at archery in ancient times. He is proud of it. An old man selling oil saw it, but said briefly and approvingly, "Without it, only hands are familiar." He put the oil gourd on the ground, covered its mouth with a copper coin and poured oil into the gourd through the money hole. The gourd was full, but there was not a drop of oil in the money hole. He said modestly, "Me neither. I am only familiar with it. "

This story tells us that practice makes perfect. As long as you practice hard and become proficient, you can master any skill.

We often see that old farmers can predict wind and rain and are good at managing fields; Workers can manipulate machines and process precise and complicated parts; Actors can play various roles and perform vivid performances; Painters can write freely and draw the latest and most beautiful pictures ... People always praise them and call them "geniuses". Don't you know that all this is not born, but the result of their efforts, long-term accumulated experience and proficiency.

Some of our classmates often envy those who have special skills and stunts. I want to try it myself. Learn the violin for a while today, and practice painting tomorrow, but I will give it a try and give up whenever it is difficult. Sighing that you lack the talent of music and painters always accomplish nothing. In fact, these students are not stupid. Some people always win at cards, but they come last in the math contest. In the final analysis, the latter is not as good as the former and has not reached the "proficiency".

It is not unattainable to master a skill and gain a skill. As long as you study hard and practice hard, you can achieve mastery. We young people should not give up on ourselves. As long as we build up confidence, work hard and make unremitting efforts, we will certainly achieve something.

A person's most precious thing is life, and life belongs to us only once. A man's life should be spent like this: when he looks back, he will not regret wasting his time, nor will he be ashamed of doing nothing. In this way, when he dies, he can say, "My life and all my energy have been dedicated to the most magnificent cause in the world-the struggle for the liberation of mankind." -"How steel was tempered"

The straight mountain peak that I saw from a distance just now stands on the canyon, and the mountain is as graceful as an axe. (Case): It is ok to use "handsome" to describe "tall and straight" and "axe-cut" mountains, but it is not appropriate to use "graceful" to describe them. "Graceful" means graceful posture. How can a mountain as straight as an axe give people a soft feeling? You can change "graceful" to "tall and straight". -A Brief Comment on Chinese.

3。 I just want to express some hope while regretting. First of all, of course, I hope everyone (not only intellectuals, but all party member, League members, all awakened youths and awakened laborers) can learn from them, especially those who still have some distrust of intellectuals and dare not confide in them, and those who blindly strive for fame and gain, and even are half-hearted about the socialist motherland and envy the capitalist "paradise". ..... Secondly, I want to say that I hope that all the organs and party organizations where advanced elements work, every party member and even every honest citizen can show more and better concern for these advanced elements. ……

"If you give me three days of light" is a thought-provoking topic. After listening, there will inevitably be a lot of reverie. Is this a blind man? What's her name? Give her three days of light, what will she do? This series of questions will come to mind. I can't answer you because I haven't finished reading this book. However, every article in the book left a deep impression on me. Reading "If you give me three days of light", I feel that Helen (the author) was a smart and lively girl when she was a child. She can speak some simple words in six months and walk after one year old. In a word, she is much more obedient and studious than the average child. However, the good times don't last long, and the happy time always ends prematurely. In a spring full of beautiful songs of robins and larks and full of flowers, after a high fever, Helen lost her hearing and sight, and then she could not speak. These three things are necessary and indispensable in life. If you lose these three things, for an ordinary person, it is equivalent to losing the fun of life. If you were Helen and you were given three days, what would you do? . If I were her, I would not live. No amount of strength and drum power can illuminate my dark, cold and wet heart. There is only one thought in my heart: it is better to live like this than to die, so let's end it early. However, Helen's practice is just the opposite of my idea. She spent 88 spring and autumn years in her life, but she survived 87 years of loneliness without light, silence and words. Moreover, it is this blind, deaf and dumb woman who graduated from Harvard University in the United States. What an amazing achievement. But after all, this amazing achievement is inseparable from her own efforts. Compared with her, it's a world of difference. I'm really ashamed! Helen can create these miracles that ordinary people can't imagine, all because she has an indomitable and persistent new one. She accepted the challenge of life without hesitation, embraced a beautiful and vibrant world with her fiery heart and great love, and fought against difficulties with amazing perseverance. Finally, she overcame the challenge of life, opened her eyes, gained confidence and hope, and walked out of silence and darkness. Finally, she extended her loving hands to the whole world! Helen changed from a blind and deaf girl to a writer of world civilization. She experienced many ups and downs, but she never backed down, but went forward bravely, fearless in the face of difficulties, overcome difficulties and surmount them. A blind and deaf person can do it, not to mention that we are a person without defects. There is no reason why we can't do it! Some students feel inferior and say they are stupid. Everyone is equal. There is no genius or idiot. Genius and stupidity depend on whether this person has the determination and perseverance to learn, which is the most important thing. The road of life is bumpy, depending on whether you have the confidence and perseverance to step on it and step on the road to success step by step. Each of us is painting a picture of our own life. Only by working hard and constantly striving for self-improvement will our life be full of bright colors and our life picture will shine.

I read Childhood five times, and this summer I read Gorky's autobiographical novel Childhood, which impressed me deeply. Maxim Gorky was born in a poor carpenter family. Gorky suffered a lot during the brutal czar's rule: he lost his father when he was young, but was abused by his grandfather. The people around him are so selfish, greedy and full of hatred ... I am much happier. I was born in a beautiful place surrounded by mountains and rivers. My parents took good care of me, my relatives showed great kindness to me, and my friends were naive and friendly to me, so that the happy notes kept falling on my side. I play in the bamboo forest, go to the mountains to pick mushrooms, catch crabs in the stream, chase butterflies, smell flowers and chase grasshoppers. My childhood began so carefree. I have a big one with me. The big basket always hits my heel. Two pigtails jumped up and down happily, and the white butterfly jumped up and down happily. Wan Li's blue sky and Wan Li are cloudless, and the breeze pulls the skirt. There are more than half ears of wheat in the basket. The good times of childhood were spent in happy labor. When I walked into the campus full of books, I became a student. The whole day began in the sound of reading. The teacher taught us enthusiastically. The students discuss with each other. We are like saplings, nourished by spring breeze and rain, absorbing more and better knowledge and thriving. In this ocean of knowledge, I ended my happy childhood and began to mature. I live in a socialist country full of humanitarianism, where there is no flogging, beating, hatred, greed, rudeness, endless atrocities and scandals.