Standing on the standpoint and understanding of women, Zhang Ailing observed women from the perspective of women, and through metaphorical critical irony, expressed the lack of women's self-awareness and the resulting sense of desolation and hopelessness: they clearly realized that they were always subordinate to the patriarchal society and could not get rid of it! From this specific female perspective, Zhang Ailing dissected women in the secular world of men and women and questioned male chauvinism with a stable little affection and love as the starting point. She stood outside the story, holding her neck high, holding her arms, and looked at the women in the works coldly, which reflected the author's extraordinary courage and self-examination consciousness of facing life directly. She didn't preach women's subjective consciousness, but told the truth that women were subordinate to men keenly and calmly, without hope or accusation, and just showed the truth that women were "desolate".

1. "They" in Zhang Ailing's works: Metaphors materialized in the world.

Second, Eileen Chang's "They": the metaphor of "incomplete" in the world.