It is a brief statement of the content of the paper, without comments, and requires a brief description of the purpose, research methods and final conclusions of the research work, with the focus on the conclusion. This is an independent and complete paper. According to different contents, abstracts can be divided into the following three categories: reportable abstracts, indicative abstracts and reportable indicative abstracts.

Just like the face of a paper, the judgment of whether a paper is good or not depends on the concentration of the abstract.

Generally, the number of words is about 300 words, including: topic selection, research purpose, research method, final conclusion and key words.

Writing an abstract should be simple and clear, closely follow the theme of the paper and emphasize the writing value of the paper. Keywords are usually 3-4 words, so you need to choose nouns. Nouns are selected from the abstract and can play a central role in the paper.