Nowadays, cafes are places for people to relax and communicate with each other.
It is generally believed that coffee was first discovered in Africa. Faust Neroni's "The Abbey Who Don't Know How to Sleep" recorded a story: an Ethiopian shepherd boy was too excited to go home after discovering that his sheep had eaten the red fruit on the bush. He thought the sheep was poisoned, but after a few hours, the sheep returned to normal. The teenager tasted the fruit himself, and suddenly his fatigue disappeared. He told the people around him about this discovery, and Christian monks who needed long-term retreat at night began to use it as a refreshing food for daily consumption.
The history of coffee
The above story about the first time human beings knew coffee took place in the fifth and sixth centuries.
In the 6th century AD, Ethiopia ruled Yemen for 50 years. Coffee spread to Yemen in the Arab world, and people began to plant a large number of coffee trees.
/kloc-In the 6th century, the Turks occupied Yemen, and local coffee cultivation has begun to take shape. Turks began to make use of coffee resources and export them to Europe through the Yemeni port of Moka to earn foreign exchange. Although Mocha Port was replaced by Suez Canal in the19th century, "Mocha Coffee" has always been a reserved program on the menu.
16 16, the Dutch smuggled coffee seedlings to their own capital; Then, in 1658, coffee trees appeared in the Dutch colony of Sri Lanka. 1699, coffee trees entered Indonesia. At this time, the French are also trying to grow coffee in their own country and widely plant coffee trees in French colonies. In this way, there are coffee trees in Asia, South America, Central and South America and Africa.
Basically, the colonists contributed to the wide spread of coffee all over the world. Previous textbooks told me that colonists were bad guys and robbers. Now it seems that it is not that simple.
The history of cafes
After the Turks occupied Yemen, with the spread of religion, the first coffee shop was established in Mecca in16th century. The development of coffee from medicinal to popular drinks is said to be related to Zheng He's voyage to the West in China in the 5th century. The tea culture spread by Zheng He made Muslims realize that cool drinks can also be used as daily necessities. Those who hold this view point out that the coffee drinking utensils of Turks today are very similar to those of China.
Constantinople has frequent trade with continental Europe. 16 15, Venetian merchants trafficked coffee to Italy. At first, it was an expensive drink, but soon, after 1620, coffee became secular in Europe.
The first coffee shop in Europe was established in Oxford University, England on 1650. Coffee shops surged in London and soon became an "open place for exchange of ideas", somewhat similar to today's BBS, hehe. It can be said that before the development of modern printing industry, cafes played the role of media salons to a certain extent.
1669, coffee was introduced to France. The biggest influence of cafes on France should be reflected in the French Revolution. People who have seen Les Miserables probably remember that the insurgents planned the revolution in the cafe. After the revolution, cafes became a gathering place for young artists. In the biographies of Monet, Impressionism and Picasso, the Cafe Montmartre in Paris is mentioned more than once. Along with it are cafes in the Latin quarter, which are the favorite places of writers, poets and philosophers such as Hemingway, Sartre and Beckett. Plocco Bough, the first cafe in Paris, is also in the Latin quarter.
1683, Viennese got coffee beans that Muslims refused to spill. The first coffee shop in Vienna, Blue Bottle, opened. However, these Christians don't like Muslim drinks. Koceski, the clever boss, filtered out the coffee grounds and put the milk in the coffee. This is the embryonic form of latte today. Cafe Vienna is characterized by the smell of music and latte in the air. I can't help writing here. I really, really want to go to the Vienna Central Cafe where Beethoven has been.
1670, coffee entered Germany. Serious Germans have been debating whether coffee is good for health, so cafes didn't appear in Germany until 172 1. However, in the19th century, the Germans seized the historical opportunity and made huge profits in the coffee industry. At that time, American coffee growers began to recruit coffee farmers from Europe under the impact of the wave of abolition of slavery. In this way, at least 80% of Guatemalan coffee beans are transported to all parts of Europe by German businessmen. The two world wars alternated. Today, Germany is the second largest coffee consumer in the world, and its per capita consumption is much higher than that of the United States. I used to know that Germans can drink beer, but today I know that they are so developed and admire them.
There are always milk bubbles in the favorite coffee of petty bourgeoisie in smelly street. Yes, this is Italian coffee, cappuccino and espresso. The former is hot milk coffee and the latter is espresso. 1945, the new distiller (now also the brand of coffee utensils) invented by Italian Jaga Fa Ming became popular in Europe. Cafes in Italy are different from those in Britain and France. They are exquisite, casual and artistic. It is reflected in the decoration of the cafe at will, which is artistic. Hehe, the place where they drink coffee in the open air is surrounded by the Colosseum and Michelangelo's sculptures.
It was during the Meiji Restoration that the Japanese accepted coffee as the representative of the western lifestyle. And when many people think of Japan, their first thought is, are things there expensive? Indeed, cafes in Ginza, Tokyo cost tens of dollars, but coffee cups are the most expensive. They like to hold coffee in English bone China coffee cups, which are worth tens of thousands or even millions of yen. Of course, this is a high-end cafe, and most people can just go to the real pot and go to the island. The most powerful place is the Japanese appreciation of elegance and vulgarity: the most expensive coffee is in Japan, and the cheapest coffee, instant coffee and canned coffee are also invented by the Japanese!
Lively Americans don't seem to care much about the appearance and taste of coffee. They even add eggs to their coffee! The coffee pot commonly used by Americans is called a boiling pot. Coffee powder on the top, water on the bottom. After heating, the aroma of coffee powder is extracted by steam. This method is easy to cook bitterness, but Americans don't care. They continue to fry coffee beans in the pot with relish and continue to over-extract coffee powder. However, the most admirable thing about American coffee is that it insists on baking, grinding and brewing, pays great attention to freshness, and tries to keep it fresh by improving packaging and so on. American coffee merchants took the lead in marking the baking date on food packaging bags, which had a great influence on the food industry.
Coffee and cafes are banned.
The complete acceptance of new things always goes through some hardships, and so does the cafe. In history, cafes and the habit of drinking coffee have been banned several times. The famous ones are as follows:
1: It was the governor of Mecca who first ordered the ban on coffee. He found that the poems that attacked him actually flowed out of cafes, so in 15 1 1 year, all cafes in Mecca were closed, and even the forbidden ones were sewn into purses and thrown into the Bosphorus.
2. King charles ii of England also issued a ban on cafes in 1675, which originated from two reasons. First, women who were not allowed to enter cafes at that time published love letters, complaining that British men lost their dignity; Second, cafes have become places where people criticize current politics.
3: 178 1 year, King frederick the great of Prussia banned people from importing coffee privately, put an end to folk coffee baking, and called on everyone not to forget their "national drink"-beer.
Of course, these restraining orders were gone later. From this, it can be proved that it seems unwise to force or prohibit people's taste, clothing and makeup by violence.
Introduction of the top ten famous coffees with the largest sales volume in the world
Super blue mountain coffee
Detailed description:
◆ Origin: Caribbean Sea&; Central America
◆ Baking method: city baking
Features: Rich fragrance and endless aftertaste.
◆ Select high-altitude coffee beans from Central America with similar flavor attributes to pure blue mountain coffee, and mix coffee from Jamaica's blue mountain coffee producing area. The special baking design adopts city baking, which is very similar to the pure Jamaican Blue Mountain coffee in both flavor and taste.
Charcoal roasted high quality blue mountain coffee
◆ Origin: Jamaica
◆ Baking method: city baking
◆ Features:
1. Taste: slightly sour, soft and sweet.
2. fragrance: fragrance.
3. Vision: Coffee beans are slightly larger than ordinary coffee beans, with smooth surface and high hardness.
Jamaica Prime Washed is produced in St. Andrew, Jamaica's main coffee producing area, with an altitude of more than 6,000 feet. The output is about four to six times higher than that of 1, and the price is also high. It's also Blue Mountain Coffee, but it can't be named directly by 1. Even so, there are many international professional buyers who specialize in purchasing this series of products. Some famous coffee plantations are still sold out by coffee experts before the harvest season. The higher the altitude, the better the quality of coffee beans, with mellow taste, full grains, mellow fruit aroma and moderate bittersweet taste.
Super mandolin coffee beans
◆ Origin: Sumatra, Indonesia, Sumatra, Indonesia
◆ Baking method: city baking
◆ Features:
1. Taste: Full-bodied, sweet and sour, without soft acidity, but bitter.
2. fragrance: caramel-like special fragrance, mellow smell.
3. Vision: The baked beans are very big, and the raw beans are brown or dark green.
In the era when Blue Mountain was not open, it was considered as the best product in the world. Baked beans are very large, brown or dark green, caramel-like, mellow and rich in taste, sweet and sour, but bitter. The yield is small, so the price is slightly higher than that of ordinary coffee beans. The main producing areas of Mantianning are Java, Sulawesi and Sumatra, 90% of which are Robusta species. Among them, "Mantelin" produced in Sumatra is the most famous. Because the mandolin coffee bean itself has no sour characteristics, the general special brewing method is based on mandolin coffee bean, and there will be no unpleasant sour taste when it is kept warm for a long time or iced coffee is prepared.
Super Colombian coffee
◆ Origin: Colombia
◆ Baking method: city baking
◆ Features:
1. Taste: Good sour and sweet taste, with unique sour and mellow taste.
2. Aroma: high balance, high aroma and rich taste.
3. Vision: The particles are full, and the fried coffee beans are bigger and more beautiful.
In terms of output, Colombia is the second largest coffee industrial country after Brazil. Famous producing areas are "Miding", "Marizares", "Bogota" and "Armenia". The cultivated coffee beans are quite rich in flavor, stable in quality and stable in price. The internationally renowned high-quality bean is Colombia? Colombia -Supremo)/ Colombia? Colombia-Excelso; Its taste is sour, bitter and sweet, and the color of the brewed coffee is like that of the brewed wine. It has a unique sour taste and mellow taste, the taste of moderate roasting is refreshing, and the depth roasting is mature and heavy. Among them, there is a faint unique flavor. The roasted coffee beans are full of acidity and have a larger and more beautiful appearance. In addition to its large output, Colombia can also produce products from low-grade to high-grade, some of which are rare and good products in the world, so delicious that people can't put it down.
Super mocha coffee
◆ Origin: Ethiopia
◆ Baking method: city baking
◆ Features:
1. Taste: slightly sweet with soft fruit acid, especially sweet. With its unique mellow taste, its unique sweetness, acidity and bitterness are extremely elegant.
2. Aroma: Rich fruity and grassy smell.
3. Vision: The beans are small and the color of the beans is uneven.
Ethiopia, known as the birthplace of coffee, has a long history and is also a traditional agricultural country, and its "Mocha-Mocha" coffee is the most famous. In the west, mocha is not only the name of coffee varieties, but also refers to the method of brewing coffee or the equipment for brewing coffee and special conditioning methods. Mocha coffee beans are mostly dry, but there are also so-called gourmet washed beans. Mocha coffee beans are famous for their sour taste and slightly sweet.
Super Brazilian coffee beans
◆ Origin: Brazil Brazil
◆ Baking method: city baking
◆ Features:
1. taste: slightly bitter and slightly acidic, mild in nature.
2. fragrance: elegant, with a medium fragrance.
3. Vision: Beans with larger particles are light green or light yellow.
A world's largest coffee producer and exporter can be regarded as "the coffee continent", and its output accounts for about half of the world's total output. In particular, Santos, Brazil, which is exported from Santos Port in S? o Paulo, is very famous. Screen 2 18- 19 is a standard product. Raw beans are large, light green or light yellow, and are generally used for blending; Delicate aroma, comfortable and mild taste, suitable for beginners to try to drink, sour taste and bitter taste can be blended by baking, moderate baking aroma is soft, moderate taste, deep baking bitter taste is strong, suitable for blending mixed coffee.
Super Hawaiian Kona coffee beans
◆ Origin: Hawaii Island, Hawaii
◆ Baking method: Mancheng baking
◆ Features:
1. Taste: mellow, sweet and smooth, with moderate acidity.
2. fragrance: attractive nutty taste.
3. Vision: blue translucent soybean seeds.
The only coffee producing area in American territory. It grows in the soil of volcanic rocks, mostly on the southeast coastal edge of Hawaii Islands. However, because the output here is not high, the planting cost is staggering, and the demand for single coffee in the United States and other places is increasing day by day, its unit price is not only higher and higher, but also difficult to buy, with an average annual output of about 20 thousand tons, which is expensive. Pure Kona, Hawaii, full of nutty taste and attractive fragrance, sweet and smooth, with pleasant wine acidity, moderate acidity, very special.
Italian LAZZA coffee beans
Italy's first brand LAZZA coffee beans; LAZZA was founded in A.D. 1895, and gradually changed from grocery store to coffee as the only commodity. After more than 100 years of development, LAZZA has become the third largest coffee roaster in the world and is also synonymous with Italian coffee. It has a market share of 47% in Italy and is sold in more than 80 countries around the world, with an annual sales volume of 86,000 tons (65.438+0.4 billion).
No coffee can match the richness of pure Italian espresso. Precise pressure makes constant temperature water emulsify the oil and protein naturally existing in coffee fiber, and the result is like syrup (some people say it is soy sauce paste). The rich taste slowly extends on the tongue, sweeping the whole taste completely for dozens of minutes; Under the meticulous and precise operation conditions, the coffee surface will present a layer of ochre and meticulous Crema, which is the highest artistic conception pursued by many Italian coffee professionals.
Super espresso
After repeated comparison and testing, the most suitable mixing and baking method for most coffee machines was selected. Brazil-Girado Celado coffee with high altitude is selected as the base material, and it is matched with high-quality coffee beans produced at high altitude in Central America.
No coffee can match the richness of pure Italian espresso. Precise pressure makes constant temperature water emulsify the oil and protein naturally existing in coffee fiber, and the result is like syrup (some people say it is soy sauce paste). The rich taste slowly extends on the tongue, sweeping the whole taste completely for dozens of minutes; Under the meticulous and precise operation conditions, the coffee surface will present a layer of ochre and meticulous Crema, which is the highest artistic conception pursued by many Italian coffee professionals.
Gold Premium Blue Mountain Coffee
◆ Origin: Jamaica, Caribbean &; Central America
◆ Baking method: city baking
Features: Jamaica's blue mountains are blended with other beans, and the flavor is better, comparable to that of high mountains and blue mountains.
In the market, it is often confused by its coffee beans that look like blue mountain coffee, and sometimes it is even heard that it calls itself blue mountain coffee and has huge coffee beans. In fact, pure blue mountain coffee beans are just a little bigger than ordinary coffee beans. How should consumers buy? Only carefully select reputable coffee manufacturers; Of course, its price is much higher than other coffees, and the bidding prices of coffee manufacturers are also very different, but consumers should not blindly measure by price. This does not mean that the higher the price, the better or purer the coffee, or if they spend a lot of money, they will be big losers.
Coffee complex of European men
The word "coffee" comes from the Greek word "Kaweh", which means "strength and enthusiasm". Drinking coffee is not only a pastime, but also a pursuit of an ideal lifestyle with its rich cultural connotation. Men love to drink coffee, because it has a manly and powerful temperament, without losing tenderness and dignity. Men once loved coffee and neglected the women around them, which led to the collective petition of British women in the17th century to declare war on coffee.
Some people say that the first coffee shop in the world is in Damascus, others say it is in Venice, and still others say it is in Paris. In any case, it is European men who give coffee great vitality, and the culture of coffee can also be said to be the culture of European men.
A Vienna artist said, "I'm not at home, I'm in the cafe, I'm not in the cafe, I'm on my way to the cafe."
In Vienna, Austria, the most classic coffee shop in Europe, "BlueBottle Cafe", mixed coffee with honey and milk for the first time to make delicious Viennese coffee. Viennese even compare it with music and waltz, calling it "the three treasures of Vienna", which shows the love between Viennese and coffee. From the coffee kiosks on street corners where people stand and drink, to the coffee shops where students gather near universities, and then to the luxurious coffee shops next to theaters and the Imperial Capital, there are at least dozens of them, some of which open at 6: 30 in the morning and don't close until 2: 00 in the morning. The air flowing over the "City of Music" not only has a wonderful rhythm, but also is filled with the fragrance of coffee.
There is a famous Italian saying: "Men should be as strong and enthusiastic as good coffee!" In Italy, coffee and men are two different things. The Italian coffee with the English name Espresso is pure black, thick and fragrant, with a layer of golden foam floating on the surface. A small cup of Italian coffee is only 50 ml, thick and boiling, and it will be unforgettable when you drink it.
In France, without coffee, it means losing the color of life, and the French nation has promoted the coffee culture to this almost exquisite realm. The event that best reflects French people's love for coffee is that 199 1 During the outbreak of the Gulf War, French people snapped up a lot of coffee and sugar cubes instead of daily necessities. Natural and romantic French people pay attention not to the quality and taste of coffee itself, but to the environment and mood of drinking coffee, which is an elegant charm, a romantic mood and a comfortable feeling of enjoying life.
In France, cafes with different styles and sizes attached to buildings can be seen everywhere. Streets, shady squares, riverbank cruise ships, balcony towers ... open-air cafes are a portrayal of romantic life in France. Colorful parasols have become a unique street scene dotted with Champs Elysé es. For people who are obsessed with coffee, the streets on the left bank of the Paris River are full of the fragrance of coffee, and there is always the most unforgettable fragrance. Here, you can imagine the life of Picasso and Hemingway while sipping coffee. Cafe is the spiritual food of French people and a typical symbol of French society and culture. The famous "LeProcoPe Cafe" still maintains its original pattern in terms of decoration and cultural relics arrangement, and exudes classical charm. /kloc-thinkers of the Enlightenment in Europe in the 0/8th century Voltaire, Rousseau and Diderot, as well as three great revolutionaries of the Great Revolution, robespierre, Dandong and Mara, are frequent visitors here.
As a drink, coffee brings people enjoyment, health and excitement; Coffee, as a culture, has cultivated the unique elegance, romance, modesty and powerful qualities of European men.
When you come to a coffee shop, of course, you come for coffee first.
Coffee, a magical drink, was endowed with magical functions as early as the Arab era. With the help of coffee, people can think about problems, dream about the world and debate current affairs and politics. It is "spiritual food for thinkers and chess masters"-by the way, Arabs hone their chess skills in coffee shops. When we come to the cafe, people read, chat, listen to music and play chess. In the fragrant coffee flavor, rational thoughts have inserted the wings of romantic dreams.
Europeans are also a thoughtful people, and coffee in hand has become another extreme culture. Anyone who drinks or gambles is not allowed to go outside the cafe, because people come to the cafe to promote their intellectual growth. This enthusiasm for cafes has expanded rapidly. By 1730, there are nearly 4,000 cafes in Paris, the whirlwind center of the future democratic revolution! Look at other places, such as London, Rome, Germany and Austria. People don't have time to build new cafes. More restaurants, pubs and even high-end hotels in downtown areas are directly transformed into tall baroque cafes.
Later, cafes had more functions. Tea, cocoa, alcoholic drinks, all kinds of milk snacks and even dishes are available. In some cafes, people can spend the night. They are often brightly lit until midnight, which is very lively.
In order to explore a broader social life, the high-end cafes at that time spared no expense to build a hall that could accommodate dozens or even nearly a hundred coffee tables. For a long time, it was once the earliest place in European cities and the only place where people from all walks of life could meet freely. In all kinds of people-to-people communication, the inspiration of scholars in cafes is like a spring, and the essence of human civilization slowly spreads to the whole world from this small coffee table.
Therefore, samuel johnson, a linguist, believes that a coffee shop is not only a place to sell coffee, but also an idea, a way of life, a social model and a philosophical thought.
Suggestion: This book.