In China, the issue of paper signature has long been controversial. Especially * * * and the first author, because there is no uniform standard of identification, it directly affects the results of graduate students, job hunting and evaluation, which makes people uneasy.

* * * means * * * Like the first author, it can also be called tied for the first author. No matter whether * * * is the same as the first author or tied for the first author, it is the first author, and the two authors rank with the same signature are in no particular order. * * * The same juxtaposition means that the two authors have the same contribution to the article and the same degree of participation.

* * * The same work or parallel work belongs to the first author. This recognition is that if parallel authors are allowed to be recognized, if journals or units do not recognize parallel authors as the same author, the author value of the two authors may be slightly smaller.

The signature method of academic journals in China is usually that if a paper has more than one author, it will be arranged in descending order according to the contribution, that is, the first author and the second author, which are common to us. Even if the two names are side by side, the former is a work by default.

Later, learning from the practice of foreign periodicals, the important identity of correspondent was added, which was equivalent to inviting authoritative people to ensure the quality of submission.

The introduction of SCI broke the deadlock. For the science and engineering achievements display platform with experimental data as the core, SCI English journals implement and recognize "* * * as the first author". With a rigorous and objective scientific research attitude and respect for the labor achievements of participating members, the first author can be ≥2, and journals with high impact factors can even have 4-5 first authors.

It is worth noting here that a work must not be made easily. If it is done by more than one person, and you are sure that you are the highest contribution, * * * The same work must also strive for the top position. Don't worry that the tutor can appear in the position of communication author. If the partner does make a direct contribution to the article, he must truthfully fill in the necessary * * * and the first author.