Mastering and using piano playing skills skillfully is the basis of revealing music connotation, shaping artistic image and depicting typical artistic conception. Mastering the method can make the piano sound like nature. Here I have compiled the established piano playing skills for you, and you can try to practice them according to your own situation!
A, touch the key method
The key-touching method of piano directly affects the timbre, sound quality and volume of playing, which is actually a question of how to exert strength. The form of contact force includes two aspects: thrust mode and force transmission mode.
The way of exerting force is mainly reflected in different forms of key-touching speed, which is the key factor to determine the string-hitting speed. The following are several technical means that can be used to change the speed of touching keys: using different parts of the hand, from fingers, forearms to elbows, arms and even the body, using different gravity conditions to change the speed of pressing keys; By using well-trained finger muscle strength and properly cooperating with gravity, you can freely control and change the speed of keys and create rich sound changes.
Touching the keys with fingers at different heights from the keys provides conditions for changing the speed of keys to change the sound effect; Changing the speed of finger leaving the key will affect the continuity of sound and the sound of * * *, which will bring about the change of sound effect; Change the force direction of touching the key, such as vertical and vertical, horizontal and horizontal, tilting, pushing in, pulling out, etc.
The support of the hand is mainly reflected in three aspects: the hardness of the fingertip, the firmness of each joint of the finger, and the wrist and the way to play an elastic support role. The following are the main technical means that can be operated and changed: changing the hardness of fingertips? From relatively relaxed fingertips to relatively firm fingertips; Change the finger touch surface? From the upright shape of the fingertip to the flat shape of the finger surface, each change level can form the change of fingertip tightness.
Change the tightness of the first or third joint of the finger? Change the support strength of finger force transmission from the first and third joints to firm; Change wrist support adjustment? Wrist is like a spring, which supports and adjusts. The hardness of the spring can play a supporting and adjusting role in different degrees, thus changing the supporting and force transmission state of the hand.
Second, the gameplay
Piano playing method is developed with the evolution of piano itself and the need of piano playing skills. Imperfect pianos and crystal clear, elegant and delicate piano music in baroque and classical periods are mainly played through the combination of finger running and forearm movements. Modern piano and gorgeous and expressive romantic music school require the weight of arms and bodies to reach the weight of keys played.
As a basic method in piano playing and teaching, weight playing is widely used. The core of this method is weight accessibility, that is, the natural weight of the arm and body is transmitted to the keys without hindrance through the fingertips of the key-touching hand. Touching keys is not the independent activity of fingers, but the result of coordinated action of fingers, arms and body. When touching the keys, the joints of fingers, palms, wrists, elbows, shoulders and even waist are interrelated, interactive, closely coordinated and relaxed.
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Third, the classification of piano playing skills
(A) Legato method
Legato is one of the basic skills that a performer should master, which is characterized by continuity and singing. The following points must be noted: 1. When the finger falls after playing the last note, the finger playing the previous note can be raised. Did this fall at the same time? . 2. The natural weight of the arm and body must always run through the keys, no matter how strong or weak the sound is, you must touch the keys to the end.
(2) staccato method
Staccato includes non-Legato, jump, pause and semi-Legato. And its * * * nature is that the sound is disconnected and cannot be adhered; Different degrees of personality require specific treatment. The jump is short and elastic. How long does it take to play 1? 2; The pause is short and powerful. How long does it take to play 1? 4; If the semitone is broken, play the length of three marked notes? 4。 According to the different requirements of music for speed, strength and style and the different parts of sports, staccato can be divided into finger staccato, wrist staccato and elbow staccato. All kinds of playing methods have specific requirements for the position and amplitude of the arm's touching key and lifting key.
(3) Characteristic play
Characteristic playing method is mainly used for various decorative sounds, such as leaning, Boeing, echo, vibrato, vibrato and so on. The characteristic of decorative sound is the decorative function of local sound, and the duration, intensity and uniformity of performance should be strictly controlled, so as not to usurp the host's role; At the same time, the performance of decorative sounds is also restricted by the speed, strength and style of music, so it cannot be the same. There are homophonic vibrato and polyphonic vibrato. This playing method requires high elasticity, flexibility and strength of metacarpal joints, knuckles and wrists.
Fourth, five-finger combination exercises
Including various scales, arpeggios, various tones, chords and octaves. Scale arpeggios are divided into major mode, pentatonic mode and chromatic scale according to their types; According to the form, it can be divided into octaves with both hands in the same direction, three degrees parallel, six degrees, five degrees and ten degrees. Margaret. Long pointed out: fast one-scale playing is a wonderful step to enter the advanced performance art?
Scale arpeggio is one of the important basic exercises and finger training in piano performance, and it is also a daily compulsory course for players. When playing, the joints should be flexible and natural, and the direction of finger movement should be adjusted; The cross movements between fingers should be accurate and agile, so as to ensure the coherence and smoothness of rising and falling tones, and at the same time, we should pay attention to the uniformity and moderation of each finger and the balance of hands.
Double tones are divided into three or six degrees, four or five degrees and two or seven degrees according to the interval; Chords increase or decrease non-triple overlapping chords according to the size of the structure, such as triad, seventh chord, ninth chord and 245 degree, additional chord and polyphonic chord. The playing method of two-tone chords requires that the fingers touch the keys firmly, the wrists are flexible and elastic, and the playing sounds are even and consistent.
Octave and octave chord are very difficult and important technical topics in piano playing. Players need hard and persistent practice, otherwise they can't play all the difficult works. The key points of its play are: firm fingers, flexible wrists, strong and elastic elbows, active cooperation between big arms and back, and sinking weight between arms and body.
Especially the training of the little finger plays an important role in octave playing. On the one hand, it is the weakest and most clumsy of the five fingers, on the other hand, it carries the most important sound in music. Two fingers are high and low, the highest note is melody, which is the soul of traditional music, while the bass determines the functional attributes and color characteristics. Therefore, we should try to narrow the gap between the little finger and other fingers in strength, independence and flexibility.
To acquire piano playing skills, we must practice different types of piano etudes and play various styles of music. With more practice, you can master the subtleties.
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