PART 1 theme selection
The theme of the paper is the first step at the beginning of the paper, which determines the value and direction of the paper. A good topic should reflect academic value, and it is best to meet your own interests and personal research ability. There are usually three ways to choose a theme:
① Self-drafting: Self-drafting, approved by the tutor. The ideal topic should be put forward by yourself, and the problems found in study and life should be taken as the source of the topic.
② Project: Participate in scientific research projects hosted by teachers and apply for innovative projects established by schools.
(3) designation: the instructor designates a topic. For students who haven't written their graduation thesis, it is suggested to choose the topic given by the tutor directly.
Part II Framework
When you choose a topic, the best strategy is to consult your tutor with it. Because getting feedback at an early stage can save a lot of time, and the guidance of the tutor helps to conceptualize and organize ideas, so as to find those unnecessary parts and avoid wasting precious time. Different students have different writing strategies. The following is the detailed content of the article outline for your reference.
Part 3 Resources
In the early stage of writing a thesis, you need to prepare according to the required number of words. General schools have basic requirements for writing papers. For example, an undergraduate thesis generally does not exceed 10000 words, and probably needs to refer to 10-20 academic papers.
Generally, the master's thesis is about 30,000 words, and it is necessary to prepare more than 50 high-quality academic papers and more than 5 books. If the research content is cutting-edge and the paper has not published relevant works, then the number of reference materials needs to be more.
Just need a hownet.
The paper collection website suggests using China HowNet directly, that is, HowNet, where the articles are the most comprehensive and exclusive. The average school spends money on it every year. If your school doesn't buy it, I suggest finding friends from other schools to help you download it.
Some disciplines may need one or two auxiliary websites besides HowNet. Other reference websites include: Google Academic, SciVerse, Science Network/Knowledge Network, ResearchIndex, OJOSE (Online Journal Search Engine) and so on.
Standing on the shoulders of giants
Each discipline has its own academic giants, and the masters in these academic fields have more detailed research directions, and their articles are among the best in all kinds of papers. If there are relevant parts in your paper, you must quote them.
In addition, you should know the list of defense teachers in our school, read the articles of defense team members carefully, and quote their opinions or sentences appropriately. In short, the quality of the paper needs to stand on the shoulders of great men, search for the works of academic Daniel and the defense teachers in our school, and read them carefully, which will make you get twice the result with half the effort.
Pay attention to skills
(1) The latest works shall be preferred as far as possible for reference works. Because the latest works are rarely cited by others and are not included in HowNet, the repetition rate of papers can be better reduced.
2 strict attitude. If you need data, don't quote others' articles directly. Be sure to check the latest data on the website of the data source with a scientific and rigorous attitude.
③ Renumber the documents. Simply put, it is to collect the paper materials according to the titles of the chapters in the paper framework, and then fill them in. When searching for papers, record and number each paper, extract the available information of each paper, and list the useful contents for yourself.
Because too many references are easy to cause confusion, it is very convenient to make a number and list the content summary at this time. Classify printed papers according to the needs of chapters. For example, if an article is the material needed for the first chapter of the paper, write a number "1" on it. If the graduation thesis has five chapters, divide the materials into five parts and put them away.
Part 4 version 1
With an outline, all you have to do is keep filling in. First of all, be careful not to get caught up in editing, not to stop and choose better words or phrases or improve the structure of sentences. At this time, you just need to write down your own ideas thoroughly and put the revision and editing behind you.
1, subject
The topic of the paper should be avoided to be too big and too general, and the words must be accurate and precise. A simple principle is to accurately express the core argument of the article.
2. Summary
It mainly includes the research significance, methods and results. Generally speaking, it is why, how and what is the result. Firstly, summarize the meaning of the topic in one or two sentences and introduce the theme, that is, the problem to be solved; Then, the research methods are introduced, and each step is briefly described. The experimental/demonstration results should be rigorous, and it is best to show the experimental results and significance in the form of data, such as 86.9% correlation and 90% accuracy.
Step 3 introduce
In short, it includes three parts: research background and significance, research status and research methods, that is, it needs to explain "what", "how did predecessors do it" and "how did you do it", which is divided into three stages:
(1) research background and significance: firstly, introduce what is the subject and the significance of the research, and then introduce the research in this field.
(2) To summarize the current research situation, it is necessary to read and summarize a large number of documents, and at the end of the article, explain the shortcomings of previous studies or the places that need improvement, and show the innovation of this article through comparison.
(3) Research methods: According to the above shortcomings, introduce what this paper has done and how to do each step, corresponding to the steps in the abstract, without writing conclusions. For more details, please refer to the following figure:
4. Text
The body part is the core of the article. When writing, you should follow the experimental steps in the abstract and preface to ensure clear main lines and clear logic.
(1) First, simply introduce the materials, methods or models used, without repeating the specific contents such as principles, definitions or formulas appearing in previous literature.
(2) The experiment/demonstration step should ensure that each paragraph has a theme, explaining what this step has done, what the purpose is, and what the result is, so as to be clear-cut.
(3) Use simple short sentences in language, and try to avoid using long sentences, which is easy to cause ambiguity. Many students here easily extract too many articles carelessly, which leads to a high repetition rate, because the methods used are basically used by others, such as "principal component analysis", "neural network" and "orthogonal experiment", and too much reference to previous studies can easily lead to a high repetition rate.
I suggest that you must understand the methods used, learn from other people's papers, and add your own understanding, which can greatly reduce the plagiarism ratio.
5. Demonstration process
Argumentation is the result and analysis, the result is what is discovered through investigation/experiment, and the analysis is what is the meaning of what is discovered. The structure of results and analysis is just the opposite of the introduction, so it is necessary to list the results, and analysis is the main content.
The results need to be supported by data, so the accuracy and verifiability of the data should be guaranteed. It is suggested to express it in the form of a chart. Remember not to be flashy, but simply explain the problem clearly.
6. Conclusion
The conclusion is the summary of the article, which mainly summarizes the research scheme, what data and phenomena have been obtained or observed from the research in this paper, and explains in turn what problems have been solved and the similarities and differences with previous studies.
It should be noted that the research scheme here cannot be as detailed as the abstract and preface. What matters is the result and meaning. Finally, the prospect is given, that is, suggestions for further research on this topic. The conclusion of the paper can be written by "discussion".
7. Reference
Citation is mainly a matter of format. You can use software such as EndNote to directly generate the format of the target journal. If you need to compare Chinese and English, it is recommended to use the original English version. Arrange them in the order they appear in the article.
The fifth part is revision and improvement.
By doing all the above, you have only completed half the task. Usually, the first draft is far from being successful in all aspects, and the possibility of final success depends on whether you can modify and edit your article. It is necessary to use different strategies and skills to modify the paper from both macro and micro perspectives, and then modify it after getting feedback.
Macro: including the modification of organizational structure, content and process.
The best way to modify from a macro perspective is to modify the outline of the article. Read it through after writing, and check whether the structure of the article is coherent, whether the results of the paper are logically presented, and whether there are any missing links in the argumentation process. Then stop reading and let it wait for two or three days, so it is easy to produce new and better ideas.
Then start from each chapter and revise it one by one. It is suggested that the revised content should not exceed five pages at a time. When revising, resist the impulse to revise grammar, words and sentence structures, and focus on the organization and logic of your own ideas.
② Microscopy: including the modification of words, sentence structure, grammar, format, punctuation and spelling.
A common skill of micro-angle revision is to read the article aloud, which can be read to yourself or to classmates, colleagues and friends, so that it is easier to find the sentences that are not fluent in the article.
Change is a polishing process, so we must choose words carefully. You can refer to other good articles and write against them.
You can use a simple and practical technique: print out the article, mark it with a pencil and modify it.
Part VI Pre-duplicate checking
Generally speaking, the duplicate checking rate of graduation thesis ranges from 5% to 30%, and the duplicate checking rate of master thesis should be controlled below 15%. The specific requirements still depend on the school. Generally speaking, the higher the educational requirements, the stricter the requirements for duplicate checking. Therefore, before handing in the papers, students can learn about the duplicate checking rate requirements of the school, and then further revise their graduation thesis according to this requirement.
As the most influential duplicate checking software in the society, China Knowledge Network has no doubt about its strictness. It is also the duplicate checking software used by most universities in China, and its corresponding databases are different for different graduate groups. Therefore, it is suggested that students can test their papers in advance before handing them in.
After the test, there will be a test report, and the red part above is the key part that needs to be revised, and its test results can also be directly used as a reference for the final test results of the school.