As far as the first voice is concerned, the most commonly used voice in the translation of abstract is the passive voice. For example, a new method is put forward in the paper, which ... can draw such a conclusion from experiments ... By understanding these examples of passive voice, we can easily find that compared with active voice, passive voice has the following advantages in the translation of scientific abstracts:
The contents of sci papers related to scientific research experiments often need to introduce the objective research process and experimental results. The use of passive voice can better highlight the objectivity of scientific research. Using passive voice can also avoid mentioning the actor of the action, which makes the study of action more universal. Because of its special structure, passive voice has greater flexibility in sentence structure adjustment, which is beneficial to increase phrase structure and expand sentence information while maintaining balance and sentence structure.
The second tense plays an important role in transmitting information. Through the choice of tenses and the collocation of different tenses in the abstract of the same article, the translator can easily express the time sequence of various research behaviors and their influences and connections. However, there are some inappropriate tenses in the translation of abstracts of many articles, which will seriously affect readers' understanding of the articles and reduce the level of scientific and technological articles. Tenses commonly used in English translation of abstracts of scientific papers include simple present tense, simple past tense and present perfect tense. All three tenses are applicable.
1) The simple present tense is used to describe the research objectives, contents, methods, research results, etc. It usually indicates a state of being, an objective fact or a universal truth.
2) The simple past tense is often used to explain past discoveries, research processes or final experimental results, especially at some time before writing an article. The present tense is used to indicate the past action or the present state.
3) The present perfect tense is used to introduce the completed research and experiment and emphasize its influence on the present. This tense connects what happened in the past time with the present situation, emphasizing the influence and function of the past on the present. The results have proved that ...
Third, vocabulary skills: 1. Choose words as simply as possible, replace long words with short words, and replace uncommon words with common words. However, in the use of verbs, medical English emphasizes the use of standardized written verbs rather than oral phrasal verbs, such as: replacing to turn with evaporate? Turn into steam; Use discover instead of finding out; Use absorption instead of absorption and so on.
2. Try to use "-ing participle" and "-ed participle" as attributives, and less relative pronoun which and attributive clauses guided by who, which can not only simplify sentences, but also reduce errors in tense judgment. For example, the purpose of the research is to obtain the desired gene of human aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) (better than needed). Gene therapy for Parkinson's disease. The purpose of this study is to obtain the human aromatic AADC gene needed for gene therapy of Parkinson's disease.
3. Try to use abbreviations and nouns as attributives, which can not only simplify sentence patterns but also increase information density. For example, transcription into mRNA is a process very similar to DNA replication, and some of the same enzymes may be used. The translation process of messenger RNA is very similar to that of DNA replication. It may require the participation of some similar enzymes.