The topic should be short, clear and general, so that people can get a general idea of the exact content, professional characteristics and subject scope of the article after reading it. The number of words in the topic should be appropriate, generally no more than 20 words.

Chinese and foreign abstracts

Also called abstract, it summarizes the main contents, methods, viewpoints, main achievements and conclusions of the research topic in a condensed form, which should reflect the essence of the whole paper. A Chinese abstract of about 300 words is appropriate, and a foreign abstract of about 250 words is appropriate.