Microbes and Environment Abstract: Microbes are everywhere in the biosphere, and the most extreme living condition that microorganisms can endure is the limit of life. It is easy for us to take for granted the influence of higher animals and plants on our human production and life. However, only when some disasters caused by microorganisms occur (such as plague outbreak, food corruption or erosion of industrial and agricultural products), most people will think of microorganisms and regard them as invisible enemies of fear and resentment. In fact, the material circulation and energy flow in our limited biosphere, and all kinds of orderly and efficient life activities carried out by animals and plants are inseparable from microorganisms. Without microorganisms, there would be no life paradise full of vitality. Key words: microbial substance recycling environmental governance I. Microbial substance recycling The composition of the atmosphere, soil and water of our planet has undergone gradual changes for tens of millions of years before it became the biosphere we know today. But from today's point of view, the composition of our biosphere will remain unchanged for a long time. The problems of various nutrients and elements needed by various life forms in the biosphere are limited, while the continuation and development of the biological world are infinite. Only when the changes caused by any life activity on the earth are reversed by other life activities, in other words, the cyclic changes of various nutrients, from biosynthesis to abiotic synthesis, and then from abiotic synthesis to biosynthesis, can this contradiction be solved. In this process, animals and plants endlessly ask for nutrients from nature for their own use, and then "generously" discharge wastes (animal and plant droppings, remains and broken branches and leaves) to nature, while microorganisms are engaged in the dirtiest, most tired and most disgusting garbage disposal work. Without microorganisms, we will live in a stinking garbage dump full of harmful gases everywhere. The biological cycle of nitrogen is inseparable from the life activities of microorganisms. Excluding abiotic factors, only microorganisms can transform free nitrogen in the air into bound nitrogen and then enter biosynthesis, and only microorganisms can return nitrogen to the atmosphere as nitrogen. Microorganisms play a role as a link in the process of mutual transformation between free nitrogen that cannot be directly utilized by animals and plants and bound nitrogen that can be absorbed by plants. Nitrogen fixing microorganisms introduce nitrogen into the nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms transform nitrogen into ammonia and nitrate ions under the joint action of nitrifying bacteria and nitrifying bacteria. Ammonium salts and nitrates can be absorbed by plants and microorganisms and assimilated into organic nitrogen. Nitrogen-containing organic residues after the death of animals and plants can generate ammonia under the ammoniation of microorganisms, and ammonia can be converted into nitrogen through nitrification and denitrification and returned to the atmosphere. This shows that microorganisms play an important role in nitrogen cycle. Another biological cycle that is vital to the biosphere is the carbon cycle. In the carbon cycle, microorganisms seem to be less important than in the nitrogen cycle. As we all know, the escape function of plants is the most important way of carbon dioxide biosynthesis. Organic carbon is transferred between animals and plants through the food chain, and animals and plants recover their toxicity to the biosphere through their own respiration. This seems to have constituted a complete carbon cycle, thus excluding microorganisms from this cycle. If we think like this, we ignore two basic common sense. First, what kind of animals or plants foolishly breathe the fruits of their hard-earned assimilation? With their decline, their branches keep withering, and the waste in their bodies is constantly excreted everywhere. Even if they come to the end of their lives, they should leave their remains to the biosphere. The decomposition and transformation of these useless organic wastes still depend on microorganisms, in which carbon returns to the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide. Second, 70% of our planet is a blue ocean, where there are extremely rich and colorful life forms. In the final analysis, all the nutrients they need come from producers in the ocean, as well as microorganisms (algae, cyanobacteria, etc. ) organisms that can carry out photosynthesis in the ocean play this role. The fixation of carbon dioxide in the ocean is basically accomplished by microorganisms. As a component of some amino acids, vitamins and coenzymes in organisms, sulfur is also an important element in organisms, and the sulfur cycle is completely tied up with microbial activities. In the sulfur cycle, the sulfur in protein of animals and plants comes from plants, and plants can only use sulfate to obtain sulfate from soil. In the process of decomposing dead substances, bacteria release sulfur in the form of hydrogen sulfide, which can be oxidized into elemental sulfur or sulfate under the action of sulfide bacteria. Sulfuric acid can be eradicated and utilized by plants, and can also be reduced to hydrogen sulfide by anti-sulfide bacteria. These bacteria, which constantly reduce sulfur dioxide, have almost no biological connection. Their similarity is that their metabolism cannot be separated from sulfur. Other elements such as hydrogen, iron, magnesium, silicon and phosphorus are also components of biological macromolecules, and they have a similar cycle process. In the phosphorus cycle, there is no oxidation-reduction process of phosphorus, mainly the process of available phosphorus and ineffective phosphorus, and microorganisms play a key role in the process of available phosphorus. The role of microorganisms in the circulation of these nutrients will not be described in detail. Second, the application of science and technology in microbiology and environmental control has promoted the development of human civilization and made people enjoy unprecedented material enjoyment. Humans process, synthesize and transform all kinds of substances in nature into all kinds of handicrafts and luxury goods in our lives. When these articles made of rubber, plastic and glass are worn out and difficult to use, we pile them back into nature. At the same time, we are still throwing clothes, food scraps, broken branches and leaves, the remains of our companions, the feces of pets and livestock, domestic sewage and so on into the biosphere of this planet. What can keep us from living in knee-high garbage and smelly feces? This is a microorganism. The diversity and variability of microbial metabolism make it have the ability to transform many substances, and its ability has a good effect on the degradation and removal of wastes and toxic substances that pollute the environment. From natural compounds existing in nature to synthetic organic substances, microorganisms that can degrade them can be found. Industrial and agricultural production has discharged a large number of synthetic substances, including chemical pesticides, into water and soil. These substances are called xenobiotics, which are not found in nature and are generally not easy to degrade by themselves or the degradation process is extremely slow. Microorganisms usually contain degrading enzymes that degrade macromolecular organic substances. The genetic factors encoding this enzyme are generally located on plasmids, and the materials can be easily transferred between different strains. After mutation and adaptation, some microorganisms can often obtain degradation ability that they do not have. This characteristic of microorganism makes it have great application value in pollutant treatment. With the development of molecular biology, genetic engineering, genetic engineering and DNA recombination technology have been used to construct engineering bacteria with special degradation and metabolism ability, which have the potential to participate in biological governance. At present, the question is whether this genetically engineered bacteria will have some unpredictable effects on the original ecosystem. Moreover, the bacteria that consume pesticides and other pollutants are cultivated by directional operation, and the common nutrients found in soil or water are often preferred, while the subsequent varieties do not take the decomposition of pollutants seriously. If these directionally cultured bacteria can thrive and multiply in the environment, protozoa and predators in soil or water will soon find this rich food source and start feeding on these bacteria, which will lead to the stagnation of bioremediation process. Therefore, there are still many problems to be solved in the environmental treatment of microorganisms, and our understanding of microbial degradation activities is still very vague, and our grasp of biochemical knowledge in these processes is indeed limited. At present, many research results are only in the laboratory, and there are still many technical bottlenecks and economic factors for large-scale application. 3. Summarize that microorganisms play an important role in the cyclic changes of various life elements on the earth. They are also cleaners of pollution caused by our human activities. They always purify our environment silently in the most inconspicuous corner, and maintain the orderly and efficient operation of various life activities in the biosphere. In a word, microorganisms don't need animals and plants at all, but animals and plants can't live without microorganisms all the time.