Intelligence quotient (IQ) is the abbreviation of IQ, and it refers to a quantitative index that indicates the intelligence level of people. IQ is the quotient of intellectual age divided by physiological age. IQ shows how smart a person is. The higher the IQ, the smarter. According to Binet.Alfred. Alfred's method of testing IQ is as follows:
Iq =MA÷CA× 100%
MA= knowledge age
CA= physiological age
"IQ" is a concept with clear meaning, and it is the phased achievement of human understanding of their own intelligence. However, the IQ theory is not so perfect and ideal, and there are still many problems worth discussing.
A large number of studies show that in the crowd, people with high IQ do not exceed 5%, and people with low IQ do not exceed 3%. In other words, the IQ gap of most people is not particularly large. Moreover, people soon found that there is another situation in which IQ theory does not conform to practice. No matter ordinary people or psychologists, they will find such a large number of facts-many people with high IQ sometimes achieve less in society than ordinary people. It can be seen that although IQ is an important factor in determining life achievement in theory, it is not completely proportional to it in practice. Judging from the current reality in China, some successful figures, especially many celebrities, entrepreneurs, artists and so on. Not all of them have highly developed IQ; On the other hand, some so-called "high-talented but low-skilled" college students, doctors and postdocs have psychological barriers and even committed suicide for various reasons, which also happens from time to time. Of course, a high degree of education does not necessarily mean a high IQ, but generally speaking, it is also true that people with a high degree of education generally have higher IQ than others. However, why can't these people with higher IQ than the general population face failure and create success?
IQ is the ratio of intellectual age to actual age, and further north is 100, namely:
IQ (IQ) =MA (intellectual age) /CA (actual age) × 100.
In order to measure people's intelligence effectively, people put forward the concept of intellectual age. If a student passes the items that children aged 65,438+00 can pass in the intelligence test, and at the same time passes half of the questions of 65,438+065,438+0 and a quarter of the questions of 65,438+02, then his intellectual age is 65,438+00 plus 9 months. At first, people used the difference between intellectual age and actual age to express a person's intelligence. Later, it was found that the ratio of intellectual age to actual age can better express a person's intelligence level, so people put forward the concept of IQ.
For example, a classmate 12 years old, he completed the questions answered by 15 years old children. His M.A. is 15, C.A. is 12 and his IQ is 125. In the unselected population, the average intelligence is 100. Therefore, an IQ close to 100 is called normal intelligence, an IQ above 130 is called extraordinary intelligence, and an IQ below 70 is called mental retardation.
Emotional quotient (EQ), also known as emotional intelligence, is a concept corresponding to intelligence and IQ put forward by psychologists in recent years. Mainly refers to people's qualities in emotion, emotion, will and frustration tolerance.
Definition and connotation of emotional intelligence
In Salovi and Meyer's early papers, emotional intelligence is defined according to the ability contained in emotional intelligence. Their original definition is "the ability to monitor their feelings and emotions, the ability to distinguish emotional differences, and the ability to use this information to guide personal thinking and action." However, this definition and other early definitions are not clear in some places. In a sense, they only talk about the perception and adjustment of emotions, ignoring the thinking of emotions, which is thin. In their recent article entitled "What is EQ? The paper puts forward the following revised definition: emotional intelligence includes the ability to accurately perceive, evaluate and express emotions; The ability to approach and/or generate emotions to promote thinking; Ability to understand emotions and emotional knowledge; And the ability to regulate emotions and help emotional and intellectual development. This ability includes the following four aspects: first, the ability to perceive, appreciate and express emotions; The second is the ability of emotion to promote thinking; Third, the ability to understand and feel emotions; Fourth, the ability to adjust emotional maturity and promote mental development. In the process of development and maturity, these four abilities have a certain order and level distinction. The first kind of self-emotional perception ability is the most basic and developed first, and the fourth level of emotional regulation ability is relatively mature, and it will not be developed until later.
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New concept of health quotient self-care
At the Nanjing Branch of the International Congress of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Professor Song Weimin of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and others put forward a brand-new concept of self-care, called "Health Quotient", which aroused great interest of the participants.
Professor Song and others believe that with the improvement of people's health demand level in the new century, health care has changed from passive disease prevention in the past to "great health" era, which contains the best realm of "health, longevity, wisdom, happiness, beauty and morality". "Health" is the harmonious unity of body, psychology, interpersonal relationship and environment; "Longevity" means longevity, that is, living to the end of life (recognized as "centenary life") means longevity, and living beyond the end of life means longevity (prolonging life). Both of them need health as the backing, and life without health is meaningless; "Wisdom" is living wisdom, or "living wisdom". Wisdom should grow with age, not become more and more stupid; "Happy", enjoy the fun of life, "happy every day", further release personality and frequently "peak experience"; "Beauty", living smartly and beautifully; "Virtue", that is, moral health, authenticity, good and evil, beauty and ugliness, honor and disgrace also belong to the category of health. Confucius' "Benevolent people live long" has attracted the attention of the international community. Not getting sick is also a noble virtue. For the elderly, they don't suffer, their families don't suffer, and they also save medical expenses, which is beneficial to the whole society and the greatest support and care for their children.
The new century needs a new concept of health, and the concept of health quotient emerges as the times require, which is also the new development of TCM health preservation. To achieve the state of "great health", clinical medicine (the first medicine), preventive medicine (the second medicine) and rehabilitation medicine (the third medicine) are obviously insufficient, and only the rich and updated self-care of traditional Chinese medicine (the fourth medicine) can be competent. It depends on both medical knowledge and wisdom, as Bacon said: "Health preservation is a kind of wisdom that non-medical knowledge can cover." Health quotient will play a key role in it.
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that there are many factors that affect people's health. Traditional Chinese medicine has clearly distinguished "healthy qi", that is, factors beneficial to health; "Evil" is an unhealthy factor. The quotient of healthy qi divided by evil qi is HQ.
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Search —— Comment on the essential characteristics of the third and second chapters of Soushang
Since search quotient is the third kind of human intelligence, we can't help but explain what search quotient is and what it has to do with IQ and EQ.
Although search quotient, IQ and EQ are all human intelligence, they are strictly distinguished because of their different essential characteristics.
Maybe William? When Stern put forward the concept of "IQ", he hoped it could cover all human intelligence. However, Binet.Alfred. Alfred's IQ test method gives a definite concept of "IQ", which mainly measures people's ability to acquire new knowledge by means of abstraction, induction and deduction on the basis of known knowledge. This makes IQ unable to accommodate emotional intelligence and search business. Therefore, IQ can only be regarded as the first kind of intelligence possessed by human beings, and the position of the second kind of intelligence and the third kind of intelligence has given way to emotional intelligence and search quotient.
If IQ only refers to people's thinking intelligence, then EQ refers to people's EQ. It can be seen that emotional intelligence also does not include search business.
As for search quotient, it refers to human search intelligence, which is different from both thinking intelligence of IQ and emotional intelligence of EQ. Therefore, Soushang belongs to the third kind of human intelligence.
The essential feature of search quotient is search. Without search, there is naturally no search business. The reason why search has become the essential feature of searchers is that it makes searchers obviously different from IQ and EQ.
"Soushang is the people's search intelligence." It seems clear to use this sentence to explain the search business, but it is not. The question is: what is the domain of "search" mentioned here? In other words, what is the scope of application of the word "search"? Because people have different understandings of the field of "search", they have different understandings of the meaning of "search business".