The research methods used in graduation thesis are of great significance to every student. There are many research methods commonly used in graduation thesis. Let's follow me to see the relevant knowledge of research methods used in graduation thesis, hoping to help everyone.
The research method used in the graduation thesis is 1 1, investigation.
Investigation is one of the most commonly used methods in scientific research. It is a purposeful, planned and systematic method to collect materials about the actual situation or historical situation of the research object. It comprehensively uses historical methods, observation methods and scientific methods, such as talks, questionnaires, case studies and tests, to make a planned, thorough and systematic understanding of educational phenomena, and to analyze, synthesize, compare and summarize a large number of data collected through investigation, thus providing people with regular knowledge. Questionnaire survey is the most commonly used survey method, and it is a research method to collect data in the form of written questions, that is, investigators prepare forms for survey items, distribute or mail them to relevant personnel, ask for instructions to fill in answers, and then recycle, sort out, count and study them.
2. Observation method
Observation method refers to a method that researchers use their own senses and auxiliary tools to directly observe the studied object according to a certain research purpose, research outline or observation table, so as to obtain information.
3. Experimental method
Experimental method is a scientific research method to discover and confirm the causal relationship between things by changing the main branch and controlling the research object. Its main features are:
First, take the initiative to change.
Observation and investigation is to understand the research object and find out the problems without disturbing the research object. However, experiments need to actively manipulate experimental conditions, artificially change the existing mode and changing process of objects, and make them obey the needs of scientific understanding.
Second, control.
Scientific experiments require that according to the needs of research, with the help of various methods and technologies, the interference of various irrelevant factors that may affect science can be reduced or eliminated, so that the research object can be understood in a simplified and purified state.
Third, causality.
Experiment is an effective tool and necessary way to discover and confirm the causal relationship between things.
4. Literature research methods
Literature research method is a method to obtain information by investigating literature according to certain research purposes or topics, so as to comprehensively and correctly understand and master the problems to be studied. Literature research methods are widely used in various disciplines. Its functions are:
(1) Understand the history and current situation of related issues, and help determine the research topic.
② It can form an overall impression of the research object, which is helpful for observation and visit.
③ Contrast data of real data can be obtained.
(4) help to understand the whole picture of things.
5. Empirical research methods
Empirical research method is a special form of scientific practice research. According to the needs of the existing scientific theory and practice, it puts forward the design, uses scientific instruments and equipment, observes, records and measures the changes of accompanying phenomena, and manipulates purposefully and step by step under natural conditions to determine the causal relationship between conditions and phenomena. The main purpose is to explain the relationship between various independent variables and a dependent variable.
6. Quantitative analysis method
In scientific research, quantitative analysis can make people know the research object more accurately, so as to reveal the law more scientifically, grasp the essence, clarify the relationship and predict the development trend of things.
7. Qualitative analysis method
Qualitative analysis is the qualitative analysis of the research object. Specifically, the method of induction and deduction, analysis, synthesis and abstract generalization is used to process the obtained materials, so as to get rid of the rough, get rid of the false and keep the true, understand the essence of things and reveal their internal laws.
8. Interdisciplinary research methods
The method of using multidisciplinary theories, methods and achievements to conduct a comprehensive study of a subject as a whole is also called "cross-study method".
9. Case study method
Case study method is a research method to identify a specific object among the research objects, investigate and analyze it, and find out its characteristics and formation process. There are three basic types of case studies:
(1) Personal survey, that is, investigating someone in the research organization;
(2) Group investigation, that is, investigation and study of an organization or group;
(3) problem investigation, that is, to investigate and study a phenomenon or problem.
10, functional analysis method
Functional analysis is a method used by social science to analyze social phenomena, and it is also one of the commonly used analytical methods in social investigation. It explains social phenomena by explaining how social phenomena meet the needs of a social system (that is, what functions they have).
Research methods used in graduation thesis. Writing steps of graduation thesis.
In the process of writing, the basic steps of thesis writing are generally divided into "prelude-outline-writing-ending-proofreading".
1, prelude
It is the collection and selection of information, and the content of the article needs to be digested.
2. Overview
It is to master the overall idea of the article, so as to fully ensure the quality of the paper writing.
An outline is a logical diagram composed of sequence codes and words. It is a design drawing to help the author consider the logic of the whole article, and it is the concrete embodiment of the author's conception and plan.
With the chart in hand, the author can see the overall structure of the paper at the first time, with clear hierarchy, clear focus, conciseness and clarity.
Outline is the framework of discussion and the externalization of thought. Thinking is like running water, fleeting. We should record and cure them as soon as possible.
Step 3 write
This process is very important and the core. In the process of writing a thesis, we should integrate all kinds of resources and superior materials in order to write a good article.
Step 4: Wrap it up.
The beginning and the end are indispensable parts of the article, and it is of great significance to maintain the high quality of the article.
Step 5 proofread
Proofreading is the final treatment of the article, including proofreading after the article is written and correcting the author's dissatisfaction. This is very critical and important, and it is a concentrated expression of being responsible to the author.
Writing methods of graduation thesis
(A) the method of topic selection
Topic selection is the beginning of graduation thesis writing. Whether you can choose the right topic is related to the success or failure of the whole graduation thesis writing. Just like walking, the tenth step is decisive, and the direction of the first step needs careful consideration. Otherwise, you may take many detours, take many twists and turns, or even do the opposite, making it difficult to reach your destination. The topic selection should follow two basic principles: the first is the value principle, that is, the topic selection of the paper should be valuable. The value of the paper can be divided into theoretical value and application value, and the application value should be put in the first place when selecting the topic. Graduation thesis is not a meaningless "air-to-air" word game, but comes from reality and serves it. To measure whether a paper is valuable, we should first look at the degree to which it can meet the needs of society. We should choose meaningful topics from real life and write articles that can best guide and serve the current reality. The second is the principle of feasibility. Subjective and objective conditions should be fully considered when selecting topics. The objective conditions are mainly the time, place and environment of writing; Subjective conditions include the author's talent, knowledge and materials. When choosing a topic for graduation thesis, we must consider our subjective and objective conditions and do what we can. It is to choose those topics that are objectively needed and subjectively capable of completing.
(2) Methods of collecting materials
Material is the flesh and blood of an article, and without it, you can't write an article. Without detailed materials, the graduation thesis, like stereotyped Party writing criticized by Comrade Mao Zedong, is "full of empty words and nothing to say" and "as thin as a beggar".
Where does the writing material come from? The first one comes from life. People's colorful life practice is an inexhaustible source of article writing. Lu Xun once said to young writers, "If you want to create later, you must first observe" and "read the living book" The World ". Party school students come from party and government organs, enterprises and institutions, and most of them have rich practical experience, which means guiding them to absorb writing materials from their own work practice and their own "life warehouse". The second comes from books, including various documents, newspapers and magazines. In the Song Dynasty, Zhu Youshi said: "Open a square pond of half an acre, and the sky is high and the clouds are light. Ask where the canal is so clear, because there is running water from the source. "This is about the benefits of reading. Books are the best teachers in life. If writers can often ask books for advice, the material of articles will be as endless as "flowing water from the source". Read more books, browse more newspapers and find useful information, and you can recommend it to your classmates. Collect information by yourself. The instructor can guide the students to make a catalogue of collected materials first. For the investigation materials, they can make a catalogue by time, place and object. If it is a document, the catalogue can be arranged according to the title and date of issue. We should focus on collecting first-hand information, and second-hand information should be found out and the original works should be checked.
(3) Conception method
The idea is to establish the theme of the article. Theme is the core of the article, the "soul" and "commander in chief" of the article. The quality and value of an article are mainly measured by its theme.
Guiding students to conceive should follow the following principles:
First, it meets the needs of reality and embodies the spirit of the times. The article is a product of the times and a reflection of reality, and its theme should reflect the characteristics and development direction of that era. Therefore, graduation thesis should firmly grasp the pulse of the times and answer the sharpest, most urgent and most realistic questions raised by the times in order to promote social development.
Second, reflect the essence of objective things. The article is an understanding and reflection of objective things, but it does not reflect reality mechanically like a mirror, but rather reflects some essence of objective things and reveals their inherent laws.
Third, we must have original opinions. Only original opinions can inspire, excite and benefit people. What is "original opinion"? It is the thoughts, understandings, viewpoints and propositions of "what people have not seen, what people have not done" and "what people remember, what people write". The key to gaining original insights is to think more. Secondly, we should have courage and dare to be unconventional. Standing at the height of the times, it is of practical significance to go deep into the essence of things, think deeply and establish them; A theme with unique insights and theoretical depth.
(D) Planning and layout methods
The so-called layout of the article is to consider and arrange the overall structure of the article. Structure is the skeleton of the article. Determine the theme, select materials, and then set the framework of the article. The basic requirements of the layout structure are: (1) arranging the structure around the theme; (2) There should be a clear and definite hierarchy; (3) Be complete, natural and rigorous. Instructors should arrange the structure reasonably according to the content of the article, so as to be centered, hierarchical, comprehensive, focused, rigorous and natural, and full of changes.