In the human body, there is also a set of extremely complex "bloated" mechanism, and the whole process involves 12 coagulation factors and multiple regulatory proteins, only to achieve one purpose: coagulation.
But this is not because the human body is inefficient. On the contrary, it shows that the process of blood coagulation is not something that children can play with. Once an error occurs, it will often lead to fatal consequences and must be treated with caution.
The earth needs water to moisten and the human body needs flowing blood.
Rivers and rivers have nurtured civilizations on both sides of the strait, rivers and streams have irrigated fertile fields, and flowing water has brought life reproduction.
The blood vessels of the human body are like this rushing river, which continuously transport nutrients and metabolites to their birthplace. But if the river breaks its banks, the blood vessels will burst. If the breach is not blocked in time, the blood will keep flowing out, flowing and flowing until it can't flow out.
Coagulation must be started in time to stop the ulcer.
From this point of view, the sooner coagulation starts, the better. It is better to be like a werewolf or superman depicted in some film and television works. I got a knife and a shot, but my face didn't change color and my heart didn't jump. Your skin will repair itself in a few seconds, and you will hardly lose blood.
However, if the blood can easily complete the coagulation process in a few seconds, in reality, this person has been dead for countless rounds.
Running, stumbling, invasion of microorganisms such as bacteria, and even blood fluctuation caused by emotional excitement may be the starting signals of blood coagulation.
It takes only a few seconds for blood to coagulate at the slightest sign of trouble, so there is no reason for blood in the human body to keep flowing. After all, there are too many events that can cause blood coagulation in this world, and the blood in the body has long found a reason to turn into blood tofu. Even if only a thrombus is formed, it is also cerebral thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, which will kill you in minutes.
When blood is difficult to coagulate, it will kill people. Blood is in a hypercoagulable state and forms a thrombus, which will still kill people. Therefore, coagulation is a very serious matter, so don't do it easily. Once it is started, it must be completed with good quality and quantity within the specified time, and there can be no big deviation from beginning to end.
In order to ensure the seriousness and standardization of blood coagulation, the human body has developed a set of detailed coagulation mechanisms. Once this coagulation mechanism is started, it will pour down from top to bottom one after another, layer by layer, like a waterfall, which is called "coagulation cascade".
Now people have figured out the process of blood coagulation. But more than 100 years ago, solidification was as incomprehensible as witchcraft. Until 1905, Schmidt, Hammarsten, Morawitz and others found fibrinogen, prothrombin, tissue factor, calcium ion and other substances in blood. Without any of these four substances, condensation will not happen. Therefore, these four substances became the earliest discovered coagulation factors.
I thought the matter of blood coagulation was so clear that there was no big progress in the next 50 years. Later, it turned out that this was only the beginning, and there were still many question marks before us. For example, there is no way to explain which coagulation factor hemophiliacs lack.
Hemophilia is a hereditary disease, which was once prevalent in the European royal family in order to keep its pedigree pure, and was considered as a royal disease. But in hemophilia, the four coagulation factors mentioned above are not lacking. Are there any clotting factors that have not been found?
Still have to keep trying to find it! 1947, in Norway, which was still occupied by Germany at that time, the scientist Oren Pa discovered a new coagulation factor. It is not clear what the specific factor is, so it is called factor 5 first (the standard name should be "factor V" or "FV", the number should be ancient Roman numerals, and 5 is "V". For the convenience of description, Arabic numerals are used for the time being.
Find a new door of coagulation factor, open it. Different scholars from different countries have discovered various substances one after another, which all play a role in the process of blood coagulation. The naming habits of different families are different, so various styles of names are written in academic papers, which makes the complicated coagulation process more chaotic.
1954 established the International Nomenclature Committee of Coagulation Factors, which was later renamed the International Society of Thrombosis and Coagulation. The organization decided to name various coagulation factors with Roman numerals according to the time of discovery from 1 to 13.
Will this look neat? I'm afraid not. Look at this picture, which is taken from the pharmacology textbook of People's Health Publishing House. Not to mention non-professionals, even medical students will feel embarrassed when they first see this picture.
The human body has built such a complex system, the purpose of which is to precisely control the process of blood coagulation. Through hard work, people understand the law, and at the same time leave inspiration for the research and development of drugs related to coagulation and hemostasis.
For example, heparin and warfarin, landmark drugs in antithrombotic therapy, are closely related to coagulation factors 2, 7, 9 and 10. Rivaroxaban, dabigatran, bivalirudin and other antithrombotic drugs also have their own targets.
How to understand the action principle of these drugs?
On weekdays, the blood flow is normal. At this time, the coagulation factor is inactive, just like a series of dams, which firmly seal the coagulation cascade. The high gorge comes out of Pinghu, with beautiful scenery and quiet years.
Once the human body starts the coagulation process, it is the process in which coagulation factors are activated in turn. At this time, the dam was opened for flood discharge and the coagulation cascade was grandly displayed.
At this time, the intervention of heparin, warfarin, rivaroxaban and other drugs is tantamount to an external force forcibly opening the floodgate again, blocking the occurrence of coagulation cascade reaction, which is macroscopically manifested as preventing the process of coagulation.
The excellent anticoagulant effect makes these antithrombotic drugs have important applications in treating thrombotic diseases such as myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction, and preventing thrombosis after cardiovascular surgery and peripheral vein surgery. Of course, because bleeding and coagulation are contradictory, the dosage of these drugs is quite particular.
The human body is so meticulous that it uses a nearly perfect coagulation mechanism to ensure the continuation of life; The human body is so fragile that bleeding or thrombosis in blood vessels can take away life.
In the face of the magnificent coagulation cascade, the human body has been guarding the most deadly biochemical process with the most bloated mechanism.
# Take the medicine home to see # # Anti-thrombosis #