Article 1:
Graduation design, when I heard this word, I was so sad and painful. It turns out that in a blink of an eye, our three years of haste have passed quickly, and we are really not ready to go out to work, and we have no long-term goals in mind. Looking back on the moment I stepped into Lingnan School, I was still so excited that I wanted to leave a good memory for myself here. The graduation project of more than two months is our last lesson when we come to the university. The tedious and substantial graduation design has tempered our patience, patience and serious working attitude in this major.
Graduation design, as the comprehensive application ability of learning professional knowledge in our university, is a comprehensive process of re-learning and re-upgrading, which greatly exercises our learning ability, teamwork spirit and independent thinking ability. The task of this graduation project is to consolidate our working knowledge, how to solve our own problems, accumulate new knowledge and practical experience, and lay a solid foundation for my future professional work. The graduation project I chose this time is the project cost of xx College, including reinforcement calculation, graphic calculation and project package price. This graduation project really brought me into contact with the work of cost engineer. From the previous theoretical study to practice, although there are still many aspects that need to be explained by the instructor, the process was completed by myself, which is a good challenge and learning opportunity for us.
The main steps of my graduation project are as follows:
1, know the project address, project initiation, drawing overview, contract terms, etc.
2. Be familiar with the drawings. Familiarity with drawings is the premise of calculating engineering quantity. Only by knowing the drawings clearly can we avoid many problems in engineering calculation and calculate the engineering quantity more accurately.
3. Calculate the engineering quantity. There are three directions in the calculation of large quantities: reinforcement calculation, graphic calculation and quantity package.
The reinforcement calculation schedule is the seventh week (20xx year 15 year1October 65438), and the interim results are submitted:
(1) cap and cap beam
(2) the pillars of each floor
(3) the beams of each floor
(4) The floor of the board of directors
Graphic calculation and quantity package completed before 14th week (20xx 65438+February 5th):
(1) earthwork and cushion
(2) The engineering calculation of infilled wall is divided into interior wall and exterior wall. The outer wall is calculated according to the center line, and the inner wall is calculated according to the net long line.
③ Draw doors and windows.
④ Straight stairs
⑤ decorate the room. Including (wall, dado, ceiling, ceiling, skirting board and floor)
How to arrange the reinforcement of independent foundation when setting the pile cap of foundation, right? It is also a big problem to test us. Under the guidance of the instructor, what are the horizontal reinforcement, vertical reinforcement and elevation hours? The amount of reinforcement mentioned is to verify your personal familiarity with flat reinforcement, longitudinal reinforcement in columns and stirrups; It is also troublesome to arrange the bearing bars, erection bars, structural bars and stirrups of beams, because there are many beams, but CAD drawings can't directly identify them, only the points of each beam can be identified, and it takes a lot of time to mark the span number, bearing capacity and original position of beams. The same is true of the steel bar of the plate. Negative reinforcement and stress reinforcement, as well as the range of the plate are more important. I remember I made a mistake when laying the shooting range, and the steel bar was a lot bigger unilaterally. I solved the problem before the instructor checked.
When calculating the foundation excavation, the problems of slope and no slope should be considered. It is clearly stipulated in the norm of 20xx: when the foundation excavation depth is greater than 1.5m, slope laying should be considered, and manual excavation or mechanical excavation should be considered, because different slope laying coefficients should be selected according to different operation modes. Room decoration is to set up all parts of the room and close the walls. If there are no walls in some places, you can use virtual walls instead, and then point them one by one. The focus of the package price is to accurately calculate the partial quantities of each part, adjust the price of main materials and calculate the project cost; What we lack is the understanding of construction technology and how to skillfully use quota calculation rules to price each subtitle, which is the key point of pricing.
During the graduation project, I really started to do it myself and found many problems. I can find the problem. By patiently listening to the tutor's explanation and discussing with classmates, we can get the result, which is not a problem. When calculating the foundation, the shape and elevation of the independent foundation are all difficult problems I have encountered. Because I don't know enough about the physical engineering, the calculation of the elevation of columns, beams and plates is prone to errors, especially when pricing, I don't know about the construction technology and quota Buddhism, and so on. These are all issues that we need to study harder in the future. The last class at school is over, and life will face greater challenges in the future. Only by constantly improving their knowledge structure can we stand on the society and achieve our goals.
After several months of hard work, my graduation project was finally completed, but now I think back on the whole process of graduation project, and I have a lot of experience, bitter and sweet, bitter and happy, but I enjoy it! Through this graduation project, I feel that the graduation project is just a simple summary of what I have learned in recent years before accepting the task, but through this graduation project, I find that the graduation project is not only a test of what I have learned before, but also an improvement of my ability.
As a student, graduation project is my last assignment. It is not only a comprehensive summary and comprehensive application of the knowledge learned in the school, but also a good start for practical application in the future. Graduation design is a test and summary of learned knowledge, which can cultivate and improve designers' ability to analyze and solve problems independently. It's the last comprehensive homework I handed in at school.
The graduation time is approaching day by day, and the graduation design is drawing to a close. After continuous efforts, my graduation project was finally completed. Before graduation design, I thought graduation design was just a general summary of what I had learned in recent years, but when I really faced graduation design, I found that my ideas were basically wrong. Graduation design is not only a test of previous knowledge, but also an improvement of one's own ability. Through this graduation project, I realized that my original knowledge was too theoretical, and I felt at a loss in the face of individual topics. I still have so much to learn. I used to think I knew everything, everything, and I was a little arrogant. Through this graduation project, I realize that learning is a long-term accumulation process, and I should keep learning in my future work and life, and strive to improve my knowledge level and comprehensive quality.
In short, no matter what you learn, you can't learn anything. It's really difficult. It's really hard to start everything, and I don't know how to start. Finally finished, I feel relieved. Another conclusion is drawn: knowledge can only realize its value through application! Some things are thought to be learned, but the real use is two different things, so I think the real use is really learned.
Article 2:
Time flies, more than two months have passed in a blink of an eye, and the tedious and substantial graduation project has also come to a satisfactory end. As the last link of our students' study in school, graduation project is a comprehensive application of the basic knowledge and professional knowledge, and it is a comprehensive process of re-learning and re-upgrading, which greatly cultivates our learning ability and independent thinking ability. So more than two months is a summary of what we have learned in the past two years. Although the task is heavy but substantial, it not only consolidates our knowledge, but also helps us to learn new knowledge and accumulate practical experience when solving doubts and discussing problems, laying a solid foundation for us to take up our jobs in the future.
Our graduation project is to budget the xx comprehensive building, including the installation part and the civil engineering part. We have made a set of drawings before, but they were all completed under the guidance of teachers in various subjects in class, so it is also a challenge to do it yourself this time.
My task is to install water supply and drainage, fire water and all plate steel bars. When I do water supply and drainage and fire fighting, the first thing I do is to get familiar with the drawings, understand the legend catalogue of the general design instructions, including what materials to use and installation methods, and then look at the system diagram, floor plan and details to get familiar with it step by step. Some parts of the drawings need to be revised, which are given in the design change, but there are still some doubts, such as the inconsistency between the pipeline and the plan on the system drawing. We asked the teacher questions, and the teacher also gave a unified standard. In the process of calculation, you must be familiar with the calculation rules before you can start. For example, the cold water pipe is calculated to the angle valve connected with the washbasin, washbasin, washbasin and toilet, and all sanitary ware drainage pipes are calculated to the floor.
The length of pipe fittings, valves and various components is not deducted when calculating the pipeline engineering quantity of fire protection system. In order to complete this part of the work content of engineering quantity calculation, I feel that I have reviewed the knowledge I have learned and have a further understanding of the calculation rules of various engineering quantities. In this process, I cultivated my concentration, carefulness and patience. When making the list and quota, you need to refer to the drawings, but some of them are not clearly given, so you can only make similar or supplementary quotas. This is also a time to test your familiarity with professional knowledge. In the process of calculation, I will always encounter all kinds of problems. When I can't solve them, I will always ask other students, and they will always give me answers patiently. Answer some questions
If we can't do it well, we will also discuss with each other, actively participate in the discussion and gradually clarify the problem, which not only enhances the friendship between my classmates, but also allows me to learn a lot from them.
The next step is the calculation of slab reinforcement. The first thing to do is to be familiar with the drawings, understand its seismic grade and concrete grade, and the thickness of the protective layer of the beam and slab, which are all necessary for the anchorage length and bending length of the steel bar behind. Plate reinforcement needs to calculate bottom reinforcement, upper longitudinal reinforcement, bearing negative reinforcement, end bearing negative reinforcement, cross-plate bearing negative reinforcement and so on. In the process of getting familiar with the drawings, a three-dimensional schematic diagram will be formed in your mind, which is also helpful for your own calculation. When calculating, because the basic knowledge is not solid enough and the calculation rules are easy to be confused, we tend to be careless, and sometimes we find ourselves making mistakes of one kind or another, some of which are still very low-level. For example, when calculating the number of roots, we forgot to reduce the starting distance at both ends and add the bending to the total length of the negative reinforcement of the bearing. On the surface, these problems don't seem to be very big, but a project may be quite different, and steel bars are very important materials in structural engineering, which often occur.
Often the key influence, so the reinforcement calculation can not be so-so, otherwise it may cause great losses. Therefore, we should maintain a rigorous attitude in both study and work. There are too many complicated hands of steel bars, and sometimes I feel bored and tired. At this time, I will choose to relax properly. After all, a project cannot be accomplished overnight. Playing ball or singing, staying healthy, energetic and positive will make us work more efficiently.
At the same time, in this graduation project, I also learned how to import CAD drawings into Guanglianda steel bar sampling software by watching the video tutorial of Guanglianda steel bar sampling software, and identify and summarize it. Seemingly simple, there are many problems in actual operation. For example, when drawing, there is an error in the drawing, and the axis grid can't be displayed. I can only draw an axis grid myself, and then locate it through the CAD drawing, overlapping with the imported CAD drawing. Because each layer is not necessarily the same, but also layered identification. After slowly groping, I can master it well, and I feel that I have another skill, which is very fulfilling. I think this is a process of self-learning. I will continue to learn in my future work, strive to improve my knowledge and comprehensive quality, and let myself go higher and further.
In this tedious and substantial two months, in order to better complete the task, I constantly consulted a large number of relevant materials, exchanged experiences with my classmates, and seriously consulted my teachers, which not only consolidated the knowledge I learned, but also enabled me to learn a lot of new knowledge and cultivate my ability to work independently. Although it is hard, my efforts and gains are in direct proportion. Through this graduation project, I have a deeper understanding and mastery of this professional knowledge, and also add a confidence to my upcoming social work.
Graduation is just around the corner, and we are going to our respective jobs. Looking back on our two-year study life, I deeply understand the hardships that the college has paid for our success. I would like to express my deep gratitude and high respect to them!
Article 3:
This graduation project is not very good. After handing in the paper, I still feel a little awkward. I'm not sure whether this document can be finally passed. Let's sum up Bi:
1. Quick input question. When you get the topic, you should sketch out your blueprint as soon as possible, you can't do it in one step, you must grasp the whole. This time, it took me a long time to know what I was going to do.
2. Always discuss with your tutor. Ask the tutor if you have any questions. You can't do it yourself. You still don't know the direction. Tell the teacher more about your thoughts and ideas.
3. Software. Be sure to learn software while doing it. Never read this software tutorial from the first page when designing. This is the least efficient. It is best to learn software according to the purpose mentioned in the existing paper. Including the literature that must be read in the early stage, we should not read blindly, but should be closely related to the required reading. It is best to read while doing and read in a targeted way.
4. The more frustrated, the braver. I often feel this sentence when I do it. There is no way to go because of the winding water flow in the mountains, and a mountain village suddenly appears in the willow-green flower bay. ? Usually there must be a solution, just because there is not enough literature or a little less inspiration.
5. Can't be divorced from reality. Do something meaningful, don't float on it, and satisfy yourself.
6. It is getting tighter and tighter, especially in recent days. The more you reach the final stage, the more you need perseverance and state. Don't be nervous before you relax. You think you can relax after doing a lot in front. A few days before the paper is submitted, you should take pains to check the paper, including content, format and so on. This paper has been printed out, but I found that several pages were not aligned at both ends, so I went to reprint it. It is best to check one by one: charts, tables, formulas, fonts, line spacing and alignment. Generally speaking, check them one by one to make sure that nothing is lost.
Article 4:
When people are faced with the pressure of study, work and life, they are always eager to find a leisure living place to relieve this tension, adjust their emotions, and integrate into a beautiful and quiet living space to enjoy that tranquility and relaxation. Creating a natural, harmonious, healthy and comfortable living environment, pursuing the integration of architecture and landscape, and pursuing the harmony between nature and people are developing with the background of the times and the development of ideology, showing new characteristics.
I. Key Issues and Difficulties of the Project
The significance of xx apartment community is to solve the temporary housing problem of college students and migrants to the greatest extent at a lower cost. Therefore, it is difficult to build an apartment building with relatively strong functions at a relatively low cost. It is necessary to consider the use of materials and meet its due needs to the greatest extent.
At the same time, environmental protection is also a key point of this project, and environmental protection and energy saving has always been one of the hot topics. How to use materials reasonably, mix materials and design this apartment building into environmental protection and energy saving is also an important breakthrough for the successful realization of this project.
From the point of view of architectural design, ecological architecture mainly shows as follows: using renewable energy such as solar energy, paying attention to natural ventilation, natural lighting and shading, improving microclimate by adopting various greening methods, enhancing spatial adaptability by adopting long-span light structure, recycling water, sorting and treating garbage, and making full use of construction garbage. From the above aspects alone, we can see that no matter which aspect needs the cooperation of many types of work, it needs the cooperation of structures, equipment, gardens and other disciplines, and the cooperation of architectural physics, building materials and other disciplines can be realized.
Second, literature review
In today's world, the population has increased sharply, resources have decreased sharply, the ecology is unbalanced, the environment has been seriously damaged, the human survival and development and global environmental problems have intensified, and the ecological crisis has almost reached the point of outbreak. Facing the grim reality, people have to re-examine and judge the urban development concept and value system that we regard as the creed at present.
For architecture, city and landscape environment? Sustainable? Architecture, urban planning and landscape architecture began to think about the construction of sustainable human settlements. Many people of insight have come to realize that human beings are a part of the natural system and are closely related to the environment they support. In the process of urban development and construction, we must give priority to ecological issues and put them in the same important position as economic and social development; At the same time, we should be far-sighted and comprehensively consider the rational use of limited resources, that is, what should our development be today? Meet the current demand without weakening the development of future generations' ability to meet the demand? . Is this 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development? Rio de Janeiro Declaration? The basic idea of sustainable development is the common choice of human society and the criterion of all our actions. Architecture and its built environment play an important role in the influence of human beings on the natural environment. Therefore, the design in line with the principle of sustainable development needs to comprehensively consider the utilization efficiency of resources and energy, the impact on health and the selection of materials to meet the requirements of the principle of sustainable development. In recent years, the theory of eco-architecture and eco-city construction is based on the principle of natural ecology, exploring the relationship between people, architecture and nature, and shaping the most comfortable, reasonable and sustainable environment for human beings. Ecological architecture is the development direction of architectural design in 2 1 century.
The original ecological architectural design is to achieve ecological goals without using or rarely using modern technical means under the condition of saving economy and low technology. However, the energy-saving efficiency and sustainability of such buildings are not ideal and lack of universality.
At the same time, stagnant ecological technology. Not a sustainable ecological view. So we should consider applying modern ecological technology to ordinary architectural design, that is? Appropriate technology? .
? Appropriate technology? Appropriate, universal and regional ecological architecture should be the focus of research. In other words, starting from meeting the requirements of the basic living environment, through? Appropriate technology? This design method is to use local resources, combined with appropriate economic technology, to carry out ecological building design, in order to achieve the purpose of sustainable development.
Where does the ecological architecture design come from? Native? Where to? Appropriate technology? There are usually three ways to change: one is to transform traditional technology; Second, reform and adjust advanced technology to meet the needs of appropriate technology; The third is to carry out experimental research and directly work for appropriate technology.
Article 5:
Graduation design is the last link of our study as students, it is the comprehensive application of the basic knowledge and professional knowledge we have learned, and it is a comprehensive process of re-learning and re-improving. At the same time, it also cultivates students' learning ability, independent thinking ability and working ability. At the same time, graduation project is also an important link, an excellent demonstration of our participation in practical work, a test of our self-study ability and problem-solving ability, and a link between school life and social life.
During the completion of my graduation project, I gained a lot, mastered a lot of knowledge about accounting professional ethics, consolidated and improved my knowledge, and made me understand the current situation of accounting professional ethics. I see:
The present situation of accounting professional ethics can not be ignored. The construction of accounting professional ethics is related to the integrity and accuracy of accounting work, to the interests of the country and to the development of enterprises and individuals. Therefore, it is urgent to strengthen the moral construction of accountants. The establishment of accounting professional ethics is not only for accountants, but also needs the cooperation of society, business leaders and responsible persons, and constantly pursues lofty accounting professional ethics. If leaders can control financial revenue and expenditure, reflect the interests of all parties fairly and clearly, and do not abuse their powers.
Moreover, accountants can establish a strong legal awareness, improve their own quality, be selfless, not afraid of retaliation, consciously and boldly fight against all kinds of violations of discipline and discipline, and protect their own interests with the law. Then the professional ethics of accountants will gradually get out of the predicament and the integrity of accountants will gradually improve. This will achieve a high level of accounting professional ethics and shape noble accounting professional ethics. Only by strengthening the construction of accounting professional ethics, strengthening the professionalism of accountants, being familiar with laws and regulations, doing things according to law, and doing a good job of service and confidentiality and trustworthiness can we establish a standardized accounting work order and create a good accounting practice atmosphere before the financial tsunami. Only in this way can we lay a solid foundation for countries, enterprises and individuals to resist the financial tsunami storm through accurate and reliable accounting and economic data.
I think: As an accounting major student, I will develop good professional ethics from now on and serve the society and people with correct ideas. Be responsible for society and yourself. Love accounting, combine personal ideals with accounting professional development, and cultivate the spirit of hard work, practicality and Excellence. Proficient in professional knowledge and skills, competent in accounting work, and strive to become a qualified professional. In the whole process of graduation project, I learned new knowledge and increased my knowledge. Down-to-earth, serious and rigorous, realistic learning attitude, not afraid of difficulties, perseverance, hard-working spirit is another great benefit for me in this design. I think this is an improvement of my actual ability, and it will be right.
It will be of great help to my future study and work. In the days to come, I will continue to enrich myself and strive to make a difference in the field of accounting.
In this graduation project, the relationship between our classmates has been further improved. Students help each other. If there is anything we don't understand, we can discuss it together, listen to different opinions and better understand our knowledge. So I am very grateful to my classmates who have helped me here.
Next, I will finish the PPT speech of my graduation thesis. I want to thank my teachers for their careful guidance and care, so that I can successfully complete my graduation project. In my study and the investigation and research of graduation project, I have devoted all the teachers' hard work and painstaking efforts. The teacher's rigorous academic attitude, profound knowledge and selfless dedication deeply inspired me. From the respected teacher, I not only learned professional knowledge, but also learned the truth of being a man. I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks and deep respect to the teacher.
After several months of hard work, my graduation project was finally completed, but now I think back on the whole process of graduation project, and I have a lot of experience, bitter and sweet, bitter and happy, but I enjoy it! Through this graduation project, I feel that the graduation project is just a simple summary of what I have learned in recent years before accepting the task, but through this graduation project, I find that the graduation project is not only a test of what I have learned before, but also an improvement of my ability.
As a student, graduation project is my last assignment. It is not only a comprehensive summary and comprehensive application of the knowledge learned in the school, but also a good start for practical application in the future. Graduation design is a test and summary of learned knowledge, which can cultivate and improve designers' ability to analyze and solve problems independently. It's the last comprehensive homework I handed in at school.
The graduation time is approaching day by day, and the graduation design is drawing to a close. After continuous efforts, my graduation project was finally completed. Before graduation design, I thought graduation design was just a general summary of what I had learned in recent years, but when I really faced graduation design, I found that my ideas were basically wrong. Graduation design is not only a test of previous knowledge, but also an improvement of one's own ability. Through this graduation project, I realized that my original knowledge was too theoretical, and I felt at a loss in the face of individual topics. I still have so much to learn. I used to think I knew everything, everything, and I was a little arrogant. Through this graduation project, I realize that learning is a long-term accumulation process, and I should keep learning in my future work and life, and strive to improve my knowledge level and comprehensive quality.
In short, no matter what you learn, you can't learn anything. It's really difficult. It's really hard to start everything, and I don't know how to start. Finally finished, I feel relieved. Another conclusion is drawn: knowledge can only realize its value through application! Some things are thought to be learned, but the real use is two different things, so I think the real use is really learned.
A letter of recommendation is an important way for job seekers to promote themselves. If they want to stan