Yantai: Explanation: Most stationery used for writing brush and grinding ink are made of stone: ~ Taiwan Province. Pen ~ ◎ always refers to the relationship between classmates (because classmates * * * pen and inkstone): the same ~. ~ friends. Inkstone, grinding tool. Han Liuxi's book contract: "Yan Yan, Yan Ye; Ambassador of Mohist Studies and Yu Ye "Xu Shen's Shuowen in Han Dynasty": "The inkstone is slippery." "Slippery" is used as "profit" and is synonymous with grinding. China has interpreted inkstone as a grinding tool since ancient times. China has a long history of making inkstones. Gu Yan is made of iron, copper, silver, stone, ceramic tile, pottery, clay, jade and lacquer. The earliest inkstone material was probably stone. The variety is complex and the decoration is different. With the evolution of history, its shapes have their own characteristics and are full of rich flavor of the times. At present, the main producing areas are Zhaoqing, Anhui, Gansu, Ningxia, Shandong, Henan, Hebei and other places, all of which have the advantages of fine ink quality, exquisite carving, quick inking, no damage to pens, no drying up and easy washing. Artists make full use of all kinds of natural forms, colors, sweat and transparent stone eyes of inkstones to carve all kinds of inkstones with exquisite style, which can be called the treasure of the study. When was the earliest inkstone in China formed? What's the difference between it and the inkstone we use now? Archaeologists once found a set of tools used by primitive people to draw pottery in a primitive social site in Jiangzhai, Lintong County, Shaanxi Province. Among them, there is a stone inkstone with a cover, a slightly concave surface, a stone pestle in the recess, and a few black pigments left beside the inkstone. Obviously, this is the shape of an early inkstone in which our ancestors used a pestle to grind pigments. Because this site belongs to the meaning of Yangshao in the matriarchal clan period, the actual life of this inkstone has exceeded 5000 years. When did the shape of the pestle or stone mill inkstone change, that is, the pestle or stone mill was cancelled and it was close to the present inkstone? As far as we know, until the Han Dynasty. Since manual ink making was invented in Han Dynasty, ink can be ground directly on inkstone, so it is not necessary to grind natural or semi-natural ink with pestle or stone. From this point of view, the grinding pestle or grinding stone gradually disappeared in the long course of more than 3 thousand years in prehistoric times and Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Although it is no longer used today, its contribution to spreading culture is still indispensable. In the ancient study, in addition to the four main stationery, pen, ink, paper and inkstone, there are some other supporting instruments, which are also an indispensable member of the stationery family. In the Ming Dynasty, Tu Long recorded more than 40 kinds of stationery in the "Elegant Compilation of Stationery". Usually common are: pen container, also known as pen holder, pen holder, used to hold pens. It is often mountain-shaped, and the pen can be placed in the recess. There are also people and animals, or the old roots and branches of nature, which are particularly wonderful. Pen holder: Insert the pen in it when not in use. There are many materials, such as porcelain, jade, bamboo, wood and lacquer. It has a round or square shape, and it also has a plant shape or other shapes. Wash pen: Wash the remaining ink with a pen after use. Most of them are bowl-shaped, and there are also flowers and leaves or other shapes. Ink bed: stop for a while when grinding ink, because the grinding place is wet and is used for temporary ink storage. Ink box: used to store Mo Ding. Mostly paint boxes, away from humidity and moisture. The paint surface is often painted with gold patterns or inlaid screws. Paperweight: Also known as book town, it is used to press paper or books to keep paper and writing flat. Usually made into various animal shapes. Water injection: water is injected into the inkstone surface for grinding, mostly in the form of round pots and square pots with mouths, as well as animals such as toads and pheasants to ward off evil spirits. Ink drop: also known as water drop and book drop, ink drop is stored for grinding ink. Inkstone box: also known as inktone box, used for placing inkstones. It's best to choose purple, ebony, watercress and paint. Seal: used for calligraphy and painting works, such as famous seals and leisure seals. , mostly made of Shoushan stone, Qingtian stone, Chang fossil, etc. There are also bronze, jade and ivory seals. Yin He: Also known as inkpad and inkpad, it is used to store inkpad. Mostly porcelain and jade, round and square, divided into two parts: cover and body. Pen inkstone: Also called pen inkstone, it is used to check the depth of ink or straighten the brush, and is often made into a leaf shape. Handrails: Also known as secret cabinets, handrails and wrist pillows, they are used to pad under the armpits to prevent ink from contaminating hands when writing. Arched, mostly bamboo products. Poetry tube: an instrument for inserting and placing songs and books recited daily behind poetry notes. Most of them are made of bamboo, which means elegance. -.Press: "There is no inkstone word in ancient times ... where ink is studied, there is no inkstone, and the place where it can be studied is what ink is." (See Xiuzi, Volume 23) It can be seen that the ancient word "inkstone" is synonymous with "research". (Excerpted from Huang Xianfan's Introduction to the Interpretation of Ancient Books (mimeographed edition), Teaching Materials Department of Guangxi Normal University, February1962; Huang Xianfan's A Preliminary Study on the Interpretation of Ancient Books —— Selected Academic Papers of Huang Xianfan, page 475, Guangxi Normal University Press, July 2004) Yan Yan Yan (sound. From the stone, I saw the sound. Original meaning: inkstone, ink grinder) smooth stone [glossy stone] inkstone, slippery stone. -"Shuo Wen". Duan Yucai Note: It is said that stones are slippery. Inkstone, research also. Moke and Runze also. -"Mingshi" inkstone [inkstone] A writing stationery engraved with stone carvings is used as an inkstone for grinding and inking. -Qing Zhou Rong's Biography of the Old Man is frozen. -Song Ming Lian's Preface to Dongyang is another example: inkstone tile (