First, the production of headers and footers.
Second, the chart automatic numbering
Third, the formula is automatically numbered.
Fourth, the production of the catalogue.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Number and citation of references
Six, other skills
Seven, the basic software
First, the production of headers and footers.
Firstly, introduce a concept: section. The "section" here is different from the chapters in the paper, but the concept is similar. A section is a continuous document block, and the pages in the same section have the same margins, paper type or orientation, printer paper source, page borders, vertical alignment, headers and footers, columns, page numbers, line numbers, footnotes and endnotes. If section break is not inserted, Word defaults to a document with only one section, and all pages belong to this section. If you want to set different headers and footers for the page, you must divide the document into several parts.
In this paper, the page of the same chapter takes the chapter title as the header, and the headers of different chapters are different, which can be realized by setting a header and footer for each chapter separately.
Firstly, the method of making header is introduced. After the text of each chapter is arranged, set the header of the first chapter (view menu → header and footer). Then skip to the end of the first chapter. Select "Insert → Delimiter" on the menu bar, and "Next Page" instead of "Continuous" for section break type (unless you want the title of the second chapter to be placed after the body of the first chapter instead of starting a new page). If it is odd and even page typesetting, select "odd page" or "even page" according to the situation. In this way, a section break is inserted where the cursor is located, and the text below section break belongs to another section.
When the cursor moves to Chapter 2, you can see that the title of Chapter 2 is the same as that of Chapter 1. Double-clicking the header word will pop up the header and footer toolbar, and there is a "Same as before" button (picture button, not text) on the toolbar.
When this button is pressed, it means that the title of this section is the same as that of the previous section. What we need is that the titles of each chapter are independent of each other, so adjust this button to the "pop-up" state (the same prompt text as the previous section will disappear), then change the title to the title of the second chapter, and close the toolbar after completion. Make the titles of the remaining chapters as usual.
The method of making a footer is relatively simple. The footer of a paper page has only page numbers, so it needs to be numbered from the text. However, there is a title page, authorization statement, Chinese and English abstract and table of contents in front of the text. These pages do not need to be numbered, and the page number starts from the first chapter of the text. First, make sure that the first chapter of the text and the table of contents do not belong to the same section. Then, move the cursor to the first chapter, click "View → Header and Footer" to pop up the header and footer toolbar, switch to the footer, ensure that the "Same as before" button is in the pop-up state, and insert the page number, so that the page before the text has no page number, and the page number starts from the first chapter.
note:
By default, header paragraphs use the built-in style "Header", footers use the "Footer" style, and page numbers use the built-in character style "Page Number". If the font size of the header and footer does not meet the requirements, you only need to modify these styles and update them automatically, instead of manually modifying the header and footer of each chapter.
In this paper, chapter titles are used in the header, which can be marked with bookmarks and then quoted in the header to keep the consistency between them.
Second, the chart automatic numbering
In writing papers, figures and tables should be numbered by chapter, as shown in figure 1.6 and table 4.7. The automatic numbering of numbers can use the title function of Word. Word provides chart labels and table labels, and charts are also labels of graphics.
Operating steps: Insert menu → Citation → Caption, and select the chart label, and the number can optionally include the chapter number. This requires that the chapter number be linked to an item number, and the reference of the item number setting, the most important thing is the chapter number, and the numbers of other chapters are linked to the next level number, so that all chapters, diagrams and tables can be numbered automatically. Check the tag that is not included in the title, press OK to insert the tag, and if necessary, type a number before the tag in the text. As long as the table is selected in the label selection, everything else is the same.
Generally speaking, you only need to create a label. If you need it elsewhere, you can copy the label directly, paste it in the specified location, and then select the label update field. For a large number of labels, copy them all first, then press Ctl+A shortcut key to select them all, right-click the number with the label field, select Update field to update them all, or insert captions in other places to update them automatically. The easiest way is to press Ctrl+A to select all, and press F9 to update the domain.
In the application of charts, you need to use the cross-reference function of references: insert menu → reference → cross-reference, select the label of the chart as the reference type, and select "Only label and number" as the annotation content to insert references.
Picture combination
If there are too many pictures on a page in Word, you can't find the position. You can use the merge function of Word to merge all the pictures together.
(1) Set the properties of all the pictures → Format the pictures → Layout → Floating above the text.
(2) Select all the pictures and right-click to combine them.
(3) Set the combined picture format to an embedded format or other required formats.
Pictures cannot be combined unless they are taken floating above the text. After the picture floats above the text, it can be combined with various graphics drawn by Word.
Third, the formula is automatically numbered.
The formula editor should use the formula editor MathType to automatically insert the formula number, which is currently version 5.2. Word's formula editor is actually an early version of Mathtype, but it is not easy to use. After Mathtype is installed (office should be installed before Mathtype is installed, otherwise it won't be recognized), there will be toolbars and menus in word, which can be used when necessary. The formula number and reference number can be found directly on the toolbar. Different chapters need different numbers. You can insert the chapter number at the beginning of the chapter (note: if it is a continuous chapter number, select "New Chapter Number" to automatically continue the chapter number for easy modification). Papers generally only need to be numbered by chapter, and chapter numbers can be inserted. When inserting, it should be placed at the number of the first formula in the text for easy searching, not at the title.
To reference a formula number, just place the cursor where you want to reference it, click the Insert Formula Reference button, and then double-click the number generated by the formula editor you want to reference.
In addition, Mathtype also has an "Insert Right Number to Display Formula" button, which can directly insert the formula and formula number, with the formula centered and the number aligned to the right.
Fourth, the production of the catalogue.
The table of contents is used to list the titles of all levels in the document and the corresponding page numbers of the titles in the document. Firstly, a concept of Word is introduced: outline level. Word uses a hierarchical structure to organize documents, and the outline level is the level number of the paragraph. Word provides nine outline levels, which is enough for ordinary documents. Word's table of contents extraction is based on outline level and paragraph style, and conventional templates have provided built-in title styles named "title 1", "title 2", "title …… and" title 9 ",which correspond to outline level 1-9 respectively. We can also replace the built-in title style with a custom style, but it is a bit troublesome. The following directory making method directly uses the title style built in Word. For the method of customizing styles, please refer to the help document of Word (View menu → Document structure can display the same document structure as the directory to be generated).
The catalogue is made in three steps.
1) Modify the format of the heading style. Usually, the title style built into Word does not meet the requirements of the paper format and needs to be modified manually. Click "Format-Style" on the menu bar, select "All Styles" from the list drop-down box, click the corresponding heading style, and then click "Change". Modifiable contents include font, paragraph, tab stop, number, etc. The format of the title 1-3 is modified according to the requirements of the paper format.
2) Apply the corresponding format to the title paragraph of each chapter. The title of the chapter is "Title 1", the title of the section is "Title 2" and the title of the third level is "Title 3". Another advantage of using styles to format titles is that it is very convenient to change the title format. If you want to change the font size of all the first-level titles to small three, you only need to change the format setting of the "title 1" style and then update it automatically. The font size of all chapters will be changed to small three, which is troublesome and easy to make mistakes without manual modification. For information about how to apply styles and automatically update styles, see Word Help.
3) Extract the directory. According to the requirements of the paper format, the table of contents is placed in front of the text. Insert a new page before the text (insert a page break before the title of the first chapter), move the cursor to the beginning of the new page, add the word "table of contents" and set the format. For a new paragraph, select Insert → Reference → Index and Table of Contents from the menu bar, and click the Table of Contents tab, and the display level is level 3. Don't change anything else. After confirmation, Word will automatically generate the table of contents. If a chapter title is not in the directory, it must be that the title style is not used or used improperly, and there is something wrong with the directory generation, not Word. Please go to the corresponding chapter to check. After that, if the chapter title changes or the page number changes, just update the table of contents.
Note: After the table of contents is generated, sometimes the table of contents text will have gray shading, which is the field shading of Word and will not be printed when printing. On the View tab of Tool Options, you can set the display mode of field shadows.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Number and citation of references
It is best to mark references with EndNote9.0, which supports Chinese, automatically updates, and is convenient and quick to modify, once and for all. Endnote will also have a toolbar in word after installation. If not, right-click the toolbar and select it.
The annotation of references can be divided into references after the text and references cited in the text, which are denoted as Bibilogrphay and Citation respectively in the endnotes. Endnote has many reference styles, but it may not meet your own needs. You can build your own styles according to your own needs. References are stored in the form of database, so we should first establish our own reference database. enl)。 After the reference is established, select the data record to be inserted in endnote database (Ctrl and Shift are multiple choices), then return to word and place the cursor where it is to be inserted. Click "Insert Selected Citation" to mark according to the set reference and reference style, and automatically generate the reference at the end of the document.
Definition of reference style: Edit menu → Output style → New style Open the window of new style, and then create reference and reference styles according to your own definition requirements:
Create a new style and define it in the bibliography template as follows:
Journal articles
Author. Title [J] .. Log. Year, Volume, Volume (Period): Page
thesis
Author. Topic [D]: [Dissertation]. City: University, year
minutes of the meeting
Author. Title [C]. Editor, meeting name. Meeting place: publisher, meeting year. page
E-book exchange
Author. title
. Book title. City: Publisher, Year
The reference template is defined as follows:
(Author, year), this is to indicate the author and year in the text, and finally only numbers are needed.
Create new reference materials in the database and enter relevant information according to different types.
Output result:
Definition of urban periphery [1] (marked w.2001) (preferably marked in red for easy searching).
refer to
Study on the location method of urban rail transit hub based on GIS [J]. Transportation. 200 1, Volume 12 (5): 55-77
Every time a new reference number is inserted, it will be updated automatically, which will slow down the operation. If you don't want to update automatically, but update once after everything is done, you can only use updates in formatting.
You can export reference styles. Edit menu → Output Style → Edit the style to be edited, and then select Save As (in the file menu. Ens format). If you want to call the saved style, you need to put the style file in the style directory (C: program files endnote 9 styles) under the EndNote installation directory. Edit menu → Preferences → Libraries You can set your own defined database as the default database (add an open library and click the endnote default).
It is best not to generate numbers for references at the end of the document. It is more convenient to use bullet numbering in word after reference: select all references, and select the format menu → bullets and numbering → numbering → customization. If it is changed to [1], the numbering format will be automatically generated, and the format can be modified as needed.
If the paper is a document of each chapter, endnote can set the starting number: in word, click the Format Bibliography → Layout tab on the Endnote toolbar, and fill in the required starting number in the starting bibliography.
Attached:
Endnote 9.0, reference format of Tongji University graduation thesis, including citation and reference format.
Literature types include: journal articles, conference articles, books, dissertations and standards.
Unzip it and call it in the style directory under the installation directory (for example, C: Program Files EndNote 9 Styles).
Six, other skills
U page break (Ctrl+Enter)
As the name implies, page breaks are used for paging, and the text after page breaks will start on a new page. The title of each chapter in the paper requires that a new page be placed in the first line of the new page, and then a page break can be used. Add a page break at the end of the previous chapter, so that no matter what changes have taken place in the layout of the previous chapter, the title of the latter chapter always appears on a new page.
Someone must have pushed the chapter title to a new page with multiple carriage returns! The disadvantages of doing so are obvious. If the layout of the previous chapter changes, such as deleting a line, then the title of the latter chapter runs to the end of the last page of the previous chapter; If one line is added, there will be another blank line before the title of the next chapter. Get rid of this thankless practice!
U line break (Shift+Enter)
There is also the concept of a word: paragraph. A paragraph is an independent information unit with its own format characteristics, such as alignment, spacing and style. At the end of each paragraph, there is a paragraph marker (a gray rotating arrow). Pressing the Enter key has two functions: one is to insert a paragraph marker at the cursor position to indicate the end of the paragraph; The second is to start a new stove. Line breaks are different from pressing enter. It only has the second function, without the first one, that is, the lines before and after the newline still belong to the same paragraph, and * * * enjoys the same paragraph format (gray vertical arrow).
Seven, the basic software
① Drawing and image processing: Microsoft's drawing tools, AcdSee and its FotoCanvas, Photo Shop.
② Flowchart drawing: Smartdraw, Microsoft Visio.
③ Coordinate diagram: Excel, Origin
④ Breaking the restriction of pdf copying: adult PDF password recovery v2.2.0
⑤Acrobat7.0 and Acrobat Reader 5.0.
⑥Caj browser recognizes pdf and Vip browser recognizes scanned image.
⑦ Description: Coreldraw Smartdraw