20 10 won the "China Renmin University Teaching Excellence Award" and 20 10 won the "China Renmin University Bachelor's Thesis Excellent Instructor". Guide students' scientific research and pay attention to improving students' scientific research ability. At present, 1 students are studying for doctoral degrees in the Department of Philosophy of Peking University, and 1 students are studying for doctoral degrees in anthropology in Tsinghua University. Two doctoral students who participated in the guidance won the "Wu Scholarship".
International academic exchange experience
1. Invited James Scott, a professor of political science at Yale University (author of "Farmers' Moral Economics") and Kevino Bryan, a professor of political science at the University of California, Berkeley (the authority of China research circles on China politics and rural politics in the United States, the author of "Struggle according to Law") to visit the college, give academic reports and communicate with teachers and students.
2. During my time as a visiting scholar at the University of California, Berkeley, I had academic exchanges with China scholars from various departments of the university to learn about the latest progress of China studies abroad. As a visiting scholar, I organized six China research professors and 13 visiting scholars from all over the world to hold a one-day symposium on "Doing China Studies in Berkeley". China Research Center especially thanked me for this contribution in my certificate of ending my visit.
3. Participate in international academic seminars held in Rome, London, Taipei, Tokyo and other places, report papers, enhance the attention of international academic circles to related research topics, and promote the exchange of related issues.
public services
Deputy director of the rural development teaching and research section of the college, assisting the director of the teaching and research section to arrange the courses of each semester and arrange the daily work of the teaching and research section such as defense. Participate in the revision of undergraduate and postgraduate training programs over the years. For the first time, he has set up and undertaken many courses, such as Main Literature of Rural Development Research, Main Literature of Sustainable Development Research, Rural Politics, Selected Reading of Classical Works of Rural Political Studies, Rural Social Structure and Change, Rural Non-governmental Organization Research, Villager Autonomy and Rural Governance. Assist Professor Huang Zongzhi to formulate the first doctoral training plan of sustainable development in our college. Revise the textbook "Main Literature of Rural Development Research" twice.
Since February 20 14, he has served as the secretary of the academic Committee of the National Development and Strategy Institute of the university, organized researchers of the National Development Institute to write special reports, organized special policy seminars, and disseminated researchers' policy research results to the media, thus contributing to the institutionalization and initial development of the National Development Institute. 2065438+Since September 2005, he has concurrently served as the deputy director of the Social Transformation and Governance Research Center of the National Development Research Institute.
As a senior consultant of the Rural Comprehensive Association of Ruian City, Zhejiang Province, he helped the association to improve its articles of association, establish a classification system for internal members, and provide suggestions for business development. Participate in the activities of the research group of Beijing Rural Cooperative House, actively carry out interdisciplinary cooperative research such as the comparison of comprehensive agricultural cooperatives among China, Japan and South Korea, the history of cooperation in China, and the rural land system in China, and help the Rural Cooperative House improve the training course system for farmers' cooperatives. Served as consultant for the construction of cooperative training materials between China Renmin University Rural Construction Center and Liang Shuming Rural Construction Center. Compile teaching materials and undertake training tasks for China Financial Education Foundation's Shandong New Rural Financial Reform Pilot Project.
Some interview opinions: Land circulation plays a great role, which realizes scale operation to a certain extent, saves production costs and establishes market price advantage, compared with the original single-family small farmers. However, we should see that the basis of land transfer is still the household contract system.
He Xun. Com: Therefore, we should adhere to the contract responsibility system of joint production.
Tong Zhihui: Yes, there is no clear rural land use right, and such a transfer process is bound to deprive rural interests. Second, land circulation should not be misread as a precursor to privatization. This means that farmers still have the opportunity to enjoy the land benefits after the transfer, not that the ownership has been transferred. This point should also be clear, which is precisely the hot topic of debate at present.
He Xun. Com: From your own long-term rural research, what is the current situation of rural land circulation?
Tong Zhihui: Land transfer has been happening all the time, but it has not been greatly promoted at the policy level, especially at the national unified policy level. Although all these happened at the grassroots level, there are various forms of independent innovation in land circulation. But if there is a new unified expression at the central level now, I think it will promote the practice in various places. Because land circulation is not completely in accordance with an economic logic, it still has the problem of promotion and pursuit of political achievements within an administrative system.
He Xun. Com: What do you think is feasible in the specific operation process of land circulation?
Tong Zhihui: This involves how we view the basic economic system in rural areas of China. We should always adhere to the two-tier management system based on household contract management, which is in line with China's national conditions. China has a large population and few farmers. In order to ensure that every household has the basic survival guarantee and social welfare, it is necessary to divide the land equally and contract the operation on a household basis, which is the foundation.
Second, after the land is divided equally, farmers themselves cannot solve the problem of docking with the market, so there must be a unified management level. At present, the problem to be solved in rural development in China is still the combination of unification and separation, and now there should be new ways and means.
In the late 1990s, farmers' organization can be more clearly described as farmers' cooperation or farmers' economic cooperation, which is an urgent problem to be solved in the rural development of China. I think cooperation can solve the problems we are discussing now, such as land circulation, modern agriculture and rural urbanization. We should pursue the main line of institutional innovation, which should be the cooperation of farmers' economy. He Xun. Com: Before the National Day, Hu Jintao specially visited Xiaogang Village. He said on the spot that the two-tier management system based on household contract management and combining unification and separation is the cornerstone of the party's rural policy. It is necessary not only to keep the existing land in contract relationship stable for a long time, but also to give farmers more adequate and secure land contractual management rights. At the same time, according to farmers' wishes, farmers are allowed to transfer land contractual management rights in various forms and develop moderate scale operations. How to understand this statement? Does it mean that the policy will lead the transformation of rural production mode from small-scale peasant economy to large agriculture? And farmers will have more property disposal rights on the land? Tong Zhihui: I think this policy trend still integrates the successful experience of reform in the past 30 years. First, we must ensure that the dual management system is the cornerstone of rural policy and cannot be broken. This is the direction we should stick to. How to better protect farmers' land contractual management rights, and at the same time promote various explorations in this area at the level of unified management, and promote the organic combination of unification and separation, so as to have better system design, land circulation and moderate scale operation, I think we should understand it from this perspective.
Second, there must be more practical policies to coordinate urban and rural development. The government is required to have relevant system design when coordinating the interests of all parties in urban and rural areas to ensure that the urban-rural overall planning policy can be truly implemented.
He Xun. Com: The improvement of land circulation will further change the mode of production and lifestyle in rural areas. Should the existing grass-roots management mode of villages and towns be adjusted accordingly?
Tong Zhihui: At present, the adjustment of organizational model, the merger of villages and towns, and the merger of villages are largely designed from the perspective of saving administrative costs and reducing the burden on farmers. In the future, if land adjustment is to become the central content of rural economic system adjustment, it means that the design of this organizational system should rely more on the adjustment of economic organization mode.
In fact, there are already some cooperative economic organizations across townships and villages, including counties. If we combine these organizations with the future land system reform, it actually means that farmers belong to a certain township in social management, but in realizing economic interests, you belong to a cooperative economic organization, rural cooperative association and farmer cooperative. This cooperative does not necessarily belong to the existing township.
He Xun. Com: That is to say, the whole starting point will change, and it will shift from the administrative point of view to the economic and social level.
Tong Zhihui: Or at the administrative level, it should be based on economic and social considerations, and the two considerations should be superimposed to build an organizational system for governance. He Xun. Com: Some experts once said that every four families in China, as long as they keep one farm, the other three families will go to work in the city. With the acceleration of land circulation, a large number of farmers will inevitably enter the city. The Third Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee held on the 9th identified rural reform as the main content of the meeting, and the coordinated development of urban and rural areas will also be one of the key points. The difficulty of urban-rural overall planning reform lies in the current land system and household registration system. How to ensure that farmers in cities enjoy the corresponding social security system for urban residents will also have an adverse impact on the degree of land transfer. At present, relying solely on the unified household registration system in urban and rural areas cannot completely change the reality of China's urban-rural dual economic structure. The current situation of unbalanced economic and social development between urban and rural areas in China will exist for a long time, and the corresponding differences in social management and public policies will also exist for a long time. Under this premise, how should the central and local governments promote the reform of the household registration system?
Tong Zhihui: There is no specific research. I think the central government should show its spirit and direction in the household registration reform, and local governments should formulate specific policies. The central government should give priority to local governments, because the regional differences in China are particularly large, and the consequences of policies are largely borne by local governments, or local governments should pay the cost of system reform and try different models in different regions instead of seeking unity. First of all, the local government should take the lead. Which department should take the lead? I think this should be coordinated by multiple departments to break the interests of departments.
The performance is that your policy cannot be promoted unilaterally, and others will become a form if they don't cooperate. For example, the household registration reform promoted by the public security department is meaningless if the rights of migrant workers and urban immigrants in employment and education are not guaranteed. Your employment and education have changed, and the corresponding social management, such as the election of neighborhood committees and industry committees, is useless if you can't guarantee policy participation in these infrastructure organizations.
He Xun. Com: There will also be unstable factors.
Tong Zhihui: That's right. Therefore, in order to make this household registration system reform and related issues affect each other, there must be a multi-sectoral coordination mechanism. In this regard, we should not expect too much from the cooperation between departments. In fact, some institutional innovations at the grassroots level should be respected, and household registration reform should also be absorbed. He Xun. Com: It seems that the land circulation between cultivated land is not a big problem. Everyone is concerned about rural construction land. If "the increase of urban construction land is linked to the decrease of rural construction land", rural construction land and urban construction land will be managed as a whole and treated equally. On the one hand, it will greatly accelerate the urbanization from rural areas to cities, but on the other hand, will it bring a new round of real estate development fever? Thereby causing the occupation of rural construction land? Everyone knows that the power of land transfer should be in the hands of farmers, but how to prevent the possible ultra vires behavior of village collectives and local governments in specific operations?
Tong Zhihui: This issue involves political rights and civil rights. I think the existing land expropriation system must be reformed, more government rights should be restrained, and there should be more participation in deciding what land to expropriate and how to determine the land price. This participation is not only for farmers, but also for citizens. Of course, one of the non-agricultural construction land is real estate, and there are some public land. There are more problems in real estate. You can't infringe the interests of farmers in the name of public land, mainly in the compensation of cultivated land. In addition, what is public land? At present, many local governments define land by themselves. On the one hand, this definition of public land cannot represent the wishes of most citizens. Second, it also infringes on the interests of future generations. This requires a strict definition of public interest and must be determined through democratic procedures. Including how you build it and what purpose you want to use it in the future, you need democratic political procedures to decide.
He Xun. This will be a very long process. If this policy is promoted rapidly, the relevant supporting systems will not keep up, and there may be more disadvantages.
Tong Zhihui: Yes, if we want a centralized decision-making model, it will easily lead to mixed fish and dragons, and we can't adapt to local conditions, and various forces will gain their own interests from it. However, some obviously beneficial measures, such as increasing urban construction land, reclaiming cultivated land, or restricting your rural construction land, are actually the way for the central government to control local governments, and the superiors restrict their subordinates, which has a short-term positive effect. In order to ensure that the vicious development trend of cultivated land is constantly occupied, it is effective in the short term, that is, it must be adhered to. We can't insist on these systems and bargain at the same time, which may make the final situation out of control, and the cultivated land will be reduced too fast, and it will be too late to make up for it in the future. Therefore, some short-term emergency policies should be resolutely implemented and long-term policies should be planned on this basis.
He Xun. Com: From the pilot reform of the comprehensive supporting system of urban and rural planning in Chongqing, the Chongqing municipal government has made relevant comprehensive supporting progress in household registration system, land management and use system, social security system, public finance system, rural financial system and administrative management system. How to treat Chongqing's reform pilot experience? If the comprehensive reform of urban and rural planning is promoted nationwide, what corresponding policies and laws should be supported?
Tong Zhihui: I think they have touched all levels of urban-rural overall reform, and there must be some new ideas and methods for individual reforms. But where should this effect be achieved? It can't be said that after the rural areas were brought in, the cities developed faster and the GDP increased faster. This is not the most important achievement of coordinating urban and rural reform. At the same time, it also depends on whether the development of rural areas has been promoted. The key is whether the long-term interests of farmers have been guaranteed. Because the coordinated development of urban and rural areas definitely does not mean the elimination of rural areas, nor does it mean the elimination of farmers. A sound urban-rural relationship must have agriculture and rural areas, that is, whether a benign urban-rural relationship has been established. This benign relationship depends on whether the policy has really achieved results in promoting the sustainable development of agriculture, the full realization of farmers' welfare and the sustainable development of rural areas.
Not only from the perspective of overall planning, but also from the establishment of rural internal organizational system. For example, if you exchange land for social security, you turn a farmer into a non-farmer, but his long-term employment prospects are uncertain, or he is not suitable for non-agricultural employment at all and can only become a low-income urban person. Such an overall plan is unsuccessful. Therefore, I think the core of exploration is to have a system that serves the peasants more and has inherent growth potential in rural areas, that is to say, a system that increases income potential. This system is actually a comprehensive agricultural cooperative system, mainly composed of part-time small farmers, and the state participates in providing various services. This should be a goal of rural reform. He Xun. Com: I noticed that you mentioned earlier that the rural cooperative system needs to have the same organizational form as the Japan-Korea-Taiwan Comprehensive Agricultural Association, but why has this kind of organization been piloted in China for many years, but its development is slow?
Tong Zhihui: This has something to do with our poor understanding of the Agricultural Comprehensive Association. It should be a semi-official organization that needs state support. In addition, its identity cannot be completely an administrative system. It should have some official authority. It should be a special social group and a special legal person, and it should be an organization with certain public power. But in this respect, our understanding is not yet in place, and it is an either-or thinking. Second, it is the interests of various state departments that hinder the emergence of this organization. In fact, many pilot projects have been organized at the county and city levels around the country, but we can't see that a single professional cooperative has developed little and its coverage effect is greater, that is, a comprehensive agricultural cooperative has been established. In many poor villages, growing grain can only solve the problem of food and clothing, and villagers are unable to invest in village infrastructure construction. The aquaculture industry, which increases its income, is also facing huge market risks. 20 10 suggestion: 1. The state will further increase the promotion of poverty alleviation funds for the whole village, not seeking the number of villages, but seeking the actual poverty alleviation effect and effectively increasing the amount of funds. For example, in a plain village in the main grain producing area in the north, it is necessary to ensure more than 2 million yuan to improve various infrastructure and public services in order to effectively improve production and living conditions.
2, strengthen farmers' non-agricultural employment skills training, to ensure that migrant workers' employment opportunities and wages are paid in full. There are all kinds of chaos in local politics, among which the prominence and arrogance of the interests of various government departments are an integral part of this chaos. Departmental interests have aggravated the predicament of local politics. From the perspective of departmental interests, we can highlight local political problems, and may discover the political problems of China as a whole. Local governments are composed of various departments, which, as branches of the government, perform some government functions. The local government at the same level is the superior of each department, and the department also has its own vertical management system. Originally, this relationship was regulated by the legal system, smooth and well controlled. However, in the field of local politics, we have seen various abnormal phenomena. The department "kidnapped" the local government and even colluded with the local government to infringe on the public interest. In order to seek their own interests, it is not uncommon for departments to shirk and ignore their respective public functions, and even cause further damage to public interests in the struggle for territory and control. When it comes to the development of departmental profits, we have to go back to the beginning of the reform. In order to arouse the local enthusiasm, China's reform has taken the road of decentralization and profit-making. For all government departments, the central and comprehensive management departments should also decentralize as much as possible to give full play to their enthusiasm and creativity and maximize social wealth and vitality.
Take agriculture-related departments as an example. After the reform, the functions and powers of the Agricultural Office of the Party Committee system, the Agricultural Bureau of the agricultural administrative department, the agricultural machinery department, the agricultural technology extension department, the rural supply and marketing cooperatives, the rural credit cooperatives and the grain department have become more and more independent and specific, and the independent and specific functions have brought independent resources and independent action space. In order to further obtain resources and expand power, various departments compete for administrative resources and customers. The publicity of departmental interests is also related to China's political emphasis on speech. Political power must be proved by theory, because there must be a reason for the existence of political power, and this reason is the general principle of politics; It is also necessary to use leading policies or "lines" to guide the behavior of governments at all levels. Because China has many levels of government, huge management scope and population, and complicated administrative affairs, it is even more necessary to deepen the theory and revise the route.
A prominent problem in local politics is people's grievances. The number of petitions remains high. Even in recent years, the central government has repeatedly released goodwill in the field of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Many of the problems reflected are the direct harm of government departments representing public power to citizens' interests. But why can't it be solved directly? Even the more it infringes on the interests of letters and visits, the more serious the problem is, and the petitioners are penniless in the long-term letters and visits. The important reason for this situation is that many civil rights violations are the result of the expansion of departmental interests when departmental actions are self-interested, and once the problems reflected by citizens are investigated, the political correctness of departmental actions will be uncovered and the self-created discourse umbrella will be lost. Therefore, the department must first try its best to suppress them. Letters and visits are often handled by local departments. Petition is tantamount to making the interests of petitioners and departmental infringers sharp and in-depth.