Chen Yinque (1890- 1969) is a historian of modern history in China. Yining, Jiangxi Province (now Xiushui) people. Chen's third son, a famous poet in Qing Dynasty. In the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), he joined Lin Hongxue with his brother Chen Hengke, and then joined Fudan University in Wusong, Shanghai. 19 10, and studied at Berlin University, Zurich University and Paris Higher Political School. 1965438+returned to China in 2004. 19 18 studied abroad again and studied Sanskrit and Pali at Harvard University in the United States. 192 1 transferred to Berlin university in Germany to study oriental ancient philology, which lasted more than ten years. He can read Mongolian, Tibetan, Manchu, Japanese, Sanskrit, English, French, German, Balinese, Persian, Turkic, Xixia, Latin and Greek. From 65438 to 0925, he returned to China and worked as a professor in Tsinghua University, The National SouthWest Associated University and Lingnan University. 1June, 926 (at the age of 36), he was recruited as the tutor of the Institute together with Liang Qichao and Wang Guowei, and was called the "Tsinghua Big Three". After the founding of New China, he served as a professor at Sun Yat-sen University and director of the Central Museum of Literature and History. He has made exquisite research on the history of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Mongolian history, Sanskrit, Turkic, Xixia and other ancient Chinese characters and Buddhist classics, and has been highly praised by scholars at home and abroad. 1969 10 died in Guangzhou on 10. He is the author of Ten Stories, A Brief Introduction to the System of Sui and Tang Dynasties, A Brief Introduction to the Political History of Tang Dynasty, Bai Yuan's Poems, Liu Zhuan, Liu Biezhuan, A Dream in Cold Current Hall, etc. , and there are dozens of articles about Jin Ming and Guan Cong. Chen is good at couplets and attaches great importance to the teaching of couplets. 1932 when Tsinghua University held the entrance examination for freshmen, he paired the candidates with the topic of "Sun Walker" and "Shui Mu and Tsinghua in Yuan Qinghui", leaving a much-told story for modern couplet history.

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Chen's antithetical couplets

Wanzhu strives for the age;

Let a hundred flowers blossom and listen to the new warbler.

-Chen Yinque wrote a Spring Festival couplet at 1955.

(The author has lived in the old society for a long time, suffering from poverty and illness. After the founding of New China, the government took good care of him and he felt very comfortable. At this time, it is said that "born as an imperial citizen, die as * * *". "Wanzhu", bamboo, that is, firecrackers; Ten thousand, describe it. "Let a hundred flowers blossom" refers to the policy of "Let a hundred flowers blossom and bring forth the new" put forward by China producers for the reform and development of China opera art in the early days of the founding of New China. This policy also applies to other departments. "New warbler" means early spring birdsong. This is a metaphor for new operas and new literature and art. Orioles, namely orioles and orioles. It begins to sing in early spring, so it is also called spring bird. Li Bai: "Yi Chunyuan, a servant, got the order that Liu Chuqing in Longchi should be blessed and listen to the song of the new warbler:' I saw a crane dancing in Penglai at first, but I didn't want to listen to the new warbler.' ")

Mr. Gufeng, who is like me?

New flowers are blooming here to welcome you.

-Chen Yinque's 1957 after the Spring Festival drama "title.

(1957 During the Spring Festival, Guangzhou Peking Opera Troupe performed plays for the faculty of Sun Yat-sen University. The author is very happy to write this book. The upper part of the sentence is upside down, and it is degraded to Mr. Gufeng. "Gu" and "Chen" are synonymous, and the author's surname is embedded in the dark. "Dong" refers to Professor Dong Meikan who was watching the play together at that time. The "new" in the second couplet refers to the new actress. "Flower", Tonghua, refers to the actor Hua Lanping. )

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Author: Chen

Sun walker;

Hu Shizhi.

-Chen Yinque 1932 Tsinghua University entrance examination questions and answers.

(1932, when Tsinghua University held the entrance examination for freshmen, Mr. Chen Yinque was asked to write a Chinese topic. He drew up a subtitle "Sun Walker", and the standard answer was "Hu Shizhi". Su Shi's poem "To Xie Jun, a warlock in Ganzhou", "I was afraid of being a passer-by in my previous life, but I was called Han tui in my later study". Chen Yinque said, "Cold dew is the name of a dog," Go "and" Retreat "are both verbs of going forward and retreating," Zhe "and" Stop "are both function words, and Dongpo's couplets can be regarded as a great creation of China's antithesis literature". There is another cloud: "Gaihu [Yan] and Sun [Yan] are apes [both are surnames], and the meanings and phonology of' monkey' and' Yi' can be relative." In this paper, anyone who scored "Hu Shizhi" got full marks. Only Zhou Zumo, who later became a linguist, got the word "Hu Shizhi". And "Zu Chongzhi" is also eligible, because "grandparents and grandchildren" can still be paired [both are surnames and kinship terms]. It is said that those who use "Wang Xianzhi", "Wang Yinzhi" and "Han Tuizhi" are also recognized. As for the answers to "Tang Sanzang", "Friar Sand" and "Pig Bajie", they all failed. )

Act according to circumstances;

Rest in peace.

-Chen Yinque's air defense theme during the Anti-Japanese War

This couplet was written during the Anti-Japanese War with the theme of air defense. The "plane" mentioned in the first part refers to the plane. When this "plane" comes to bomb, people will naturally "do", that is, quickly enter the bomb shelter. The "soil" at the bottom refers to the air-raid shelter, and "safety" means safety. This couplet skillfully uses commonly used idioms, which is concise, appropriate and full of interest. )

Today's rain did not come to the old rain;

His life is uncertain.

-Chen Yinque wrote [Yusheng] Wu Mi.

(Wu Mi is a famous scholar, whose name is Yu Sheng, and he is a good friend of the author. Wu Mi fell in love with Mao Yanwen, who was both talented and handsome, and his wife divorced. Later, Mao Yanwen married Xiong Xiling. Wu Mi's wife is still raising children for him. Chen Yinque plays this couplet. The first part used Du Fu's Autumn Tale, and the second part accepted Li Shangyin's Ma Su poem, which embedded the word "rainy life" by Wu Mi. "Old Rain" means being a wife. "Hugh" means not only divorcing his first wife, but also failing to marry the person he yearns for. Very humorous. )

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Chen Yinke's talent for satire and drama

Ignorant family law, scientific metaphysics;

Incoherence, the combination of Chinese and western.

-Chen Yinque satirizes Luo Jialun, president of Tsinghua University.

The saints of the South China Sea pass on their disciples;

Qing emperor, classmates and teenagers.

-Chen Yinque plays for Tsinghua students.

(1926, Chen Yinque wrote this couplet for students with famous scholars such as Liang Qichao and Wang Guowei as tutors in Tsinghua Institute of Chinese Studies. Liang Qichao was a student of Kang Youwei [a native of Nanhai County, Guangdong Province, known as Kang Shengren in the world], so the students in the institute became Kang's "re-disciples". Wang Guowei was the teacher of Xuan Tong Emperor Puyi, so the students he taught today can be regarded as "classmates and teenagers" of the Qing Emperor. The couplet is thought-provoking and humorous. )

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Author: Chen Yinque

Crying is a history from heartbroken to cattle clothes and clothes;

A leopard cannot change his spots, and Jiuquan is a bit dry.

-Chen Yinque self-sustaining and holding his wife Xiaoying in advance

(Author/Kloc-went to Japan to study at the age of 0/3, and then went to London, Berlin and Paris to study language and history. After returning to China, he taught in seven universities for 40 years. In his later years, he was blinded by eye diseases and fractured his right leg 1962. Since 1966 "Cultural Revolution", people have been robbed of property many times, which has attracted criticism. 1969, the 80-year-old historian knew that he was old, seriously ill and dying soon, so he wrote this couplet for his sick wife, Mr. Xiaoying, in advance. In the sentence "Crying", the book "Tao Ansun's Wife" was published: "At first, Zhang was a student, learning from Chang 'an, living alone with his wife, and lying in a cow's clothes; Decided with his wife, sobbing. "Later, someone described the husband and wife as poor." "Leopard seclusion" is a metaphor for seclusion. "Biography of Women, Tao Answer Wife": "I heard that there is a mysterious leopard in Nanshan, which won't eat for seven days in fog and rain. Why? If you want to make a fuss about it, stay away from harm. " Chen Yinque knows that a leopard cannot change his spots, but he doesn't want to be alone in the grave. He only hopes that Yin and Yang will still be together, and there is a saying that "the grave is a little tiring." Shortly after writing this couplet, Chen Yinque swallowed their anger and died. A month later, his wife also died of depression. She said, "The grave is a little tiring. "The words of couplets are bloody, touching, tearful and difficult to read; Another masterpiece in modern history. )

Seventeen years later, my home country has been sold for a long time, and there are still remnants of water and mountains, leaving me to fend for myself;

Five thousand rolls of toothpicks are new to beginners, and strange words are waiting to be checked, which is twice as painful as fate.

-Chen Yinque Wan Guowei

(Wang Guowei [1877- 1927], a famous literary theorist and ancient philologist in modern times. The word Jing 'an, number Guan Tang. Haining, Zhejiang. He used to be the co-editor of the compilation terminology library of the Library Bureau affiliated to the Education Department, and worked in Puyi South Study Room. Conservative in political thought. However, academic research has many unique characteristics. 1June, 927, he threw himself into Kunming Lake in Beijing Summer Palace. Comments on A Dream of Red Mansions, History of Traditional Chinese Opera in Song and Yuan Dynasties, Human Thorns, etc. Is the most praised. He has more than 60 kinds of works in his life. In Haining, there are also collections such as the suicide notes of Guan Lin and Mr. Wang Jing 'an. The sentence "seventeen years" in the first part of the couplet means that the rule of the Qing Dynasty in Xuan Tong ended in three years [1910/year], and it was 17 years after the death of Wang Weiguo. "tired minister", comparing Qu Yuan and Wang Guowei. Qu Yuan went to Hunan to die, and the ancients called him "Xiang Lei". Downward "toothpick", that is, dental label. In the past, book collectors would sign comment letters. Han Yu wrote in the poem "Send Zhuge Jue to Suizhou to study": "There are many books in Ye Hou's family, 30,000 axes in tea armor, and toothpicks are hung one by one, but the new ones have not moved." "Wen Qi", namely Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Oracle Bone Inscriptions was carved with a knife. Strange Books is one of Wang Mang's masterpieces. You say a strange word, it is a big seal. "Incorrect inheritance" is the author's modest word. Wang Guowei instructed the author to study and gave him research tasks before his death, because he was called a "legacy". )