According to my investigation, the annual expenditure of the larger administrative villages in Hengshan County is about 6.5438+0.5 million yuan, and the smaller administrative villages are not less than 6.5438+0.5 million yuan. But at present, the economic situation of most villages is not optimistic. There are several reasons: first, due to policy constraints, enterprise restructuring has cut off income, tax and fee reform has reduced income, and investment attraction has lost income; Second, there is little room for economic development, which is limited by land resources, capital and natural resources; Third, the fiscal transfer payment can't make ends meet, the unpredictable expenditure is rising, and the normal operation is unsustainable. Village-level collectives often have weak economy and no money to do things, which has become a prominent problem in the construction of new countryside.
Huge rural debts have a great negative impact on the operation of grass-roots organizations and the stability of rural society.
1 is an important incentive for illegal administration. After the imbalance of rural revenue and expenditure, the first thing that rural cadres think of is to use administrative resources and collect various fees from administrative counterparts under various excuses. Therefore, the "three chaos" in rural areas can not be cured for a long time; In order to make up for the shortage of working funds, both rural areas are keen on illegally requisitioning land for construction, and get 20-30% income from land speculation; Due to the shortage of funds, government agencies and cadres are driven to take various hidden means to run enterprises through business; In order to ensure the normal operation, rural cadres try their best to make up for the shortage of work funds through abnormal channels and means under the guise of project construction.
2, directly affect the party's ruling ability. The economic base determines the superstructure. The heavy debt burden makes the main rural leaders in a state of "borrowing new debts, repaying old debts and avoiding debts" all day, which affects their energy in planning economic development; The salary of cadres in Hengshan County is only 1/2 in Yulin City and 1/3 in Xi City, and it cannot be paid on time. In order to pay taxes and advance work funds, rural cadres hold thousands, tens of thousands or even more than 65,438+10,000 yuan in their hands, and the payment is far in sight. Thousands of rural people are upset and depressed; Facing the serious shortage of stock and increment, the rural infrastructure and social welfare facilities that are forced to run with illness and are in urgent need of improvement, the rural secondary level is unable to transform and construct, and the phenomenon of the disconnection between supply and demand of rural public goods is more severe; Due to the lack of sufficient funds, the limited funds for agricultural technology popularization and education are used to being misappropriated in rural areas, which directly affects agricultural technology popularization and rural basic education. The heavy debt burden makes it difficult for rural secondary management and public service functions to function normally, which is bound to affect the party's ruling ability. At the same time, due to the lack of public investment, it also directly restricts the development of agriculture and rural economy, affecting farmers' income and getting rich.
3. It is detrimental to the image of the party and the government among the masses. Huge rural debts make township governments and village committees the biggest debtors in rural areas. Internally, the wages owed to rural cadres and the private use of public funds range from loans owed to financial institutions and construction units to utilities, freight, meals and office supplies. Moreover, under the current circumstances, the rural areas have no repayment ability at all, so they can only take countermeasures that can be delayed and avoided, and the social credibility is greatly reduced. Rural cadres are notorious and unable to carry out their work.
Although the country has implemented a series of policies to benefit farmers in recent years to increase farmers' income, it is still very difficult for farmers to increase their income due to various factors. Getting rich for farmers is the fundamental purpose of building a new socialist countryside, and it has become a big challenge for farmers to increase their income.
First of all, it is difficult to increase the income of aquaculture. The ability of agriculture to resist market risks and natural disasters is weak, and the instability of income increase is great. Although the state subsidizes farmers to grow grain, the continuous increase in the prices of means of production and the operating costs of machinery has invisibly increased the production costs, making it difficult for farmers to increase their income in the breeding industry. Second, industrialization is difficult to drive. In recent years, agricultural industrialization has developed, but the overall competitiveness of agriculture is not strong, and the degree of organization of farmers entering the market is not high, which is not obvious to drive farmers to increase their income. Fourth, it is difficult to increase income by policy. Since 2005, the state has abolished the agricultural tax and its surcharges, and the policy of "one exemption and three subsidies" has improved farmers' enthusiasm for farming, but the space for farmers to rely on policies to increase their income is also shrinking, and there is no more way.
I. Implementation of agricultural policies
Before the tax and fee reform, the tax burden of farmers in Hengshan County was 28,404,509 yuan, 565,438 yuan+0,600 yuan for special agricultural products, 65,438 yuan+0,352,700 yuan for pig slaughter, 47,604,645 yuan for township planning and 65,438 yuan for village retention. 98 yuan is paid per capita, with an average mu (calculated by taxable area) of 108 yuan. Some temporary apportionment and hitchhiking expenses (probably more than 30 yuan/person) have not been counted.
During the tax and fee reform in 2002, Hengshan County reduced a number of unreasonable taxable areas, reasonably determined taxable output, abolished agricultural specialty tax and pig slaughter tax, and standardized the types of agricultural taxes and fees as agricultural tax and agricultural tax surcharge. In 2002 and 2003, farmers reduced 30 yuan/mu due to tax and fee reform.
In 2004, the agricultural tax rate was reduced from 7% to 4%, and the total agricultural tax and surcharge in the county was 33.04 million yuan, with a per capita burden of 3 1.98 yuan, and the per mu burden was 35.30 yuan, which was 67.42% lower than that of 5,438+0.98 yuan in 2006. In 2005, all agricultural taxes were exempted, and the county is expected to exempt agricultural taxes by 60.464 million yuan. Since then, farmers have been completely liberated from the shackles of tax burden.
In 2003-2004, Hengshan County reduced or exempted the agricultural tax by 1.0 1.654 million yuan, and received the same special transfer payment from the superior finance.
In 2002-2004, Hengshan County reduced or exempted 21637 million yuan from agricultural tax relief agencies, giving priority to farmers, five-guarantee households, martyrs, disabled people, affected people and people in difficulty in the reservoir area.
In 2004, Hengshan county strictly implemented the national policy, and distributed 9.7 million yuan of direct subsidy funds and 5.444 million yuan of grain subsidy funds, which directly increased farmers' income by 2514.4 million yuan and per capita income by 245 1 yuan.
Second, the income of farmers in Hengshan County from 2000 to 2004.
< 1 >, the total per capita net income of farmers and its composition changes.
The per capita net income of farmers increased from 2,644 yuan in 2000 to 368 1 yuan in 2004, with a five-year increase of 1037 yuan, with an average annual increase of 8.62%.
From 2000 to 2004, the annual growth of farmers' per capita net income was unbalanced (3.97% in 2000, 5.3% in 2006, 5.7% in 2002 and 5.7% in 2003). In the past five years, although farmers' income has increased steadily, the average annual growth rate has been lower than 8.62% in four years. Its growth law has a strong stage and obvious jumping. The first four years are a period of low speed, with an average annual growth rate of only 6. 17. 2004 is a period of rapid growth, with an increase of 5 16 yuan compared with 2003. Growth 16.3, exceeding the net income of urban residents by 5.3 percentage points for the first time. Without the support of high-speed growth in 2004, it is impossible to achieve an average annual growth of 8.62%.
During the five years, the composition of farmers' net income was basically stable. The income of family business accounts for 60.78%, and the increase and decrease range is stable between 58-2.5% in five years; Wage income accounted for 36. 19%, and the increase and decrease range was stable between 34.3 ~ 38.9% in five years; Property income and transfer income only account for 0.87% and 2. 16%. In 2004, the total agricultural output value of Hengshan County was 65.438+0.3 billion yuan, the agricultural added value was 92.65438+0.00 billion yuan, the grain planting area was 6.5438+0.874 million mu, the total grain output was 857.2 million tons, the pigs were slaughtered 6.5438+0.3449 million, and the per capita net income of farmers was 3.68./kloc. Grain production has resumed growth in a short time, agricultural products have been harvested in an all-round way, and agricultural benefits have been significantly improved. In particular, the increase of farmers' income exceeded that of urban residents for the first time, which became one of the biggest highlights of the county economy, especially the agricultural counties under the macro-control of the state.
Second, the main characteristics of farmers' income growth
1, the growth of farmers' income still depends on family business income and wage income, and the income source channels are still narrow.
2. The growth of farmers' income is closely related to national policies. The rapid growth of farmers' income in 2004 mainly benefited from the policy effect. Exempting from agricultural tax not only lightens the burden on farmers, but also radically cures the stubborn problem of unreasonable charges in rural areas, making the hitchhiking charges under various excuses lose their attached carrier. 3. The growth rate of farmers' income has been hovering at a low level for a long time. Taking Hengshan County as an example, the average annual growth rate from 2000 to 2004 was only 8.62%, among which, it was only 3.97% higher than that of 1999 in 2000, 5.3% in 2006 and 5.7% in 2002. Excluding the factors of rising prices, the growth of farmers' income was in a state of stagnation and negative growth from 2000 to 2003.
4. The internal differentiation of farmers' income is becoming more and more serious. This year, I investigated the income of farmers in 1 village 10, with an average income of 8,400 yuan, of which 4 households have an annual income exceeding 10000 yuan, accounting for 40%; 5 households with an annual income of 5000~ 10000 yuan, accounting for 50%; Annual income 1 000 ~ 5,000 yuan is1household, accounting for 10%.
Third, the influencing factors of farmers' income growth
1, the space for farmers to increase their income is very limited. Since 1998, there is another important factor besides policies. After 10 years of family management, rural productivity and production efficiency per unit land area have reached the extreme. Before the emergence of new economic system, industrial structure and mode of production and operation, agricultural production and farmers' income increase will inevitably enter a "dormant period". The increase in production, income and efficiency in 2004 was the result of good policies, prosperous market, hard work and help from heaven. The guiding role of policies and the stimulating role of markets have once again reached the extreme. It is not easy to maintain the good development trend in 2004, and it is also difficult to seek new development and breakthrough.
In 2004, the average tariff of agricultural products in China dropped from 45% to 17%, and many agricultural products were generally reduced by 20-30%. The market price of international agricultural products in China will also drop by 20-30%, and the pressure of falling agricultural products prices is increasing. Small-scale production of one household has been unable to withstand the impact of international and domestic markets, and domestic agricultural products production and processing enterprises are facing new tests and challenges.
In 2005, the price of agricultural products encountered a "cold wave", and the price of rice decreased by 5 ~ 8 yuan /50kg compared with 2004. Wage income has become an important part of farmers' income. Affected by the increase in employment opportunities, especially in industries that need migrant workers in cities and towns such as construction and manufacturing, there are relatively more opportunities for migrant workers to go out to work and find jobs. . The labor economy in Hengshan County is spontaneous, with loose management and low degree of organization. If we don't attach great importance to it, we may lose some labor export markets.
2. The risk coefficient of increasing farmers' income is large. The countryside is a huge "open-air factory". In a sense, farmers depend on the sky for food. At present, China's agricultural risk insurance system is still far from perfect. In case of natural disasters, farmers can only look up to heaven and sigh.
3. The autonomy of farmers to increase their income is very limited. In the face of increasingly fierce market competition, limited by ideological concepts and cognitive level, farmers stick to their own land, and it is difficult to form a wave-like land transfer mechanism that adapts to the laws of market economy, and it is difficult to adjust the industrial structure. Farming, raising pigs and working can't make the farmers' income realize a leap in quantity and qualitative change, and the motivation to increase income is obviously insufficient.
In addition, since the beginning of this year, the prices of agricultural products have dropped significantly, but the prices of agricultural means of production have soared. Due to the rising prices of means of production, the benefits brought to farmers by the "two subsidies and one exemption" policy in Hengshan County in 2004 were almost completely offset by the rising prices of means of production.
Through the phenomenon of price increase, we can still find some deep-seated problems that cannot be ignored. First, in recent years, the propaganda of public opinion on agriculture and rural economy is biased. Television, newspapers, internet and other media exaggerate the rural situation, one-sided propaganda and achievements, and turn a blind eye to all kinds of problems that still exist, giving people the misleading public opinion that the "three rural issues" have been solved and farmers have become rich. All walks of life, especially the producers and distributors of the means of production, are scrambling to share the "cake" and create momentum for the price increase of the means of production. The state has introduced many preferential policies and invested a lot of money to subsidize agricultural means of production before delivery, but the real benefits often fall into the hands of production enterprises and distributors, and the farmers are finally squeezed.