Fairness refers to the interest relationship between people and the principle, system, practice and behavior of interest relationship meet the needs of social development. Fairness is a historical category, and there is no eternal fairness. In different societies, people have different views on fairness. The concept of fairness is the product of society, which varies with social historical conditions and social nature. Fairness is an objective category, although the connotation of fairness is different in different social forms. Different societies and classes have different understandings of fairness, but fairness has objective contents. Fairness is the reflection of social existence and has objectivity.

Efficiency refers to the ratio of resource input to production output. Any activity of human beings is inseparable from efficiency. As an intelligent animal, all human activities have a purpose, in order to achieve the established goals. In the process of achieving the goal, some people invest less, but achieve more goals, which is what we call getting twice the result with half the effort, while others invest more, but achieve less goals or fail to achieve them, which is what we call getting twice the result with half the effort. The former is efficient and the latter is inefficient. So efficiency is the ratio of output to input in people's practical activities, or the ratio of income to cost. If the proportion is large, the efficiency will be high, that is, the efficiency is directly proportional to the output or income, and inversely proportional to the cost or input. In other words, in order to improve efficiency, it is necessary to reduce cost input and improve efficiency or output.

Some people think that the relationship between fairness and efficiency is opposite, while others think it is the same. Personally, from the general trend, fairness and efficiency are consistent, fairness promotes efficiency, and unfairness leads to inefficiency. The relationship between fairness and efficiency is:

The fairness of system and policy promotes efficiency. Policies and systems belong to the field of superstructure, and their fairness directly affects efficiency. The fairness of policy system is conducive to the improvement of efficiency, the most typical of which is the improvement of production efficiency by the establishment of capitalist system. Fair and reasonable policies promote the improvement of efficiency, on the contrary, unfair and unreasonable policies and systems lead to low efficiency.

Any human activity also has efficiency problems. Economic efficiency refers to the allocation and output state of economic resources. For an enterprise or society, the highest efficiency means that resources are in the optimal allocation state, so that the needs in a specific range can be met to the greatest extent, or the welfare can be improved to the greatest extent, or the wealth can be increased to the greatest extent. Economic efficiency involves all fields of production, distribution, exchange and consumption, and all aspects of economic power, economic relations and economic system.

Efficiency and fairness are dialectical and unified relations. An efficient society, its resource allocation, management system and operation mechanism should be reasonable and fair; Similarly, in a just society, its resources will be rationally allocated, and people's enthusiasm and creativity can be fully exerted. The improvement of efficiency contributes to the realization of fairness, and social fairness also contributes to the improvement of efficiency. However, in real life, efficiency and fairness are not well coordinated, on the contrary, the contradiction is prominent. Pursuing fairness will compromise efficiency; Pursuing efficiency, fairness is unfairness. In this way, it will definitely affect economic development and social stability. Therefore, it is very important to emphasize the coordination between efficiency and social equity.

The principle of "coordinating efficiency with maintaining social equity" fully embodies the superiority of socialism, which is an important difference between socialist moral construction and all exploiting classes, especially bourgeois moral construction, and serves the fundamental purpose of liberating productive forces, developing production, eliminating exploitation, eliminating polarization and finally achieving prosperity. In the process of building socialist modernization, we should not only vigorously develop productive forces and pay attention to economic benefits, but also resolutely and effectively safeguard social equity from the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, so as to finally achieve the goal of prosperity. Therefore, any thought and behavior that only pays attention to fairness and ignores efficiency and only pays attention to efficiency to the detriment of fairness is wrong. Only by realizing the unity and coordination of efficiency and fairness, establishing the values of paying attention to efficiency and maintaining fairness in the whole society, adhering to the principle of fairness, ensuring the rationalization of people's interests and distribution, and making every member of society have equal opportunities to participate and give play to their potential, can interpersonal relationships of unity, mutual assistance, equality, friendship and common progress be formed in the whole society. It can be said that "paying attention to efficiency and maintaining fairness" is not only the proper meaning of spiritual civilization construction and ideological and moral construction, but also the fundamental requirement of socialism.

Equity means justice and equality. When we are engaged in a planned economy, everything revolves around "planning". On the surface, the plan is the most "fair" feature. Therefore, one of the characteristics of the planned economy is egalitarianism and equal sharing, which means "equal wealth" and "you have everything for me". Fairness at that time was universal, universal and inclusive. This seems fair, but it is actually a kind of "fairness" that hurts the enthusiasm of many people, and it is a "big pot" type of "fairness".

Entering the market economy system, the mechanism is more dynamic, the environment is more relaxed, and people's potential, intelligence and enthusiasm are higher than in the past. The seemingly "fair" fairness is untenable in this system. The so-called "fairness" of "doing more and doing less, doing well and doing nothing" has been challenged by the new fairness based on performance theory. The connotation of the new fairness is to reward the excellent and punish the poor, and to reward the diligent and punish the lazy. The initial implementation of this fairness can't help but make people feel a little strange and uncomfortable. Because of the ability of the strong and the ability of the weak, people who work hard and those who don't make progress have opened the distance. The so-called "fairness" in the past is declining. Although some people have doubts, they have to face this irreversible trend.

Traditional fairness is challenged by modern fairness, while lazy fairness is challenged by competitive fairness. The latter is "extremely powerful" and finally defeats the former. Because fairness and efficiency are linked, market economy and knowledge economy complement each other, and mental labor and manual labor complement each other. At this time, fairness is more contemporary, knowledgeable, competitive and cosmopolitan. Although this kind of market fairness has its negative effects, it will also lead to polarization if it is not done well. However, as long as we use legal and administrative means to carry out reasonable macro-control, promote its favorable factors and overcome its adverse effects, we can pave the way for realizing the goal of "* * * with prosperity". It should be noted that the core of the rules of the market economy game is to solve the problems of competition and efficiency in the development of productive forces. Because the market is free and open, it does not consider social equity. Then, under the condition of socialist market economy, how to make up for this "vacuum"? Party committees and governments at all levels should shoulder the responsibility of maintaining social fairness and protecting the interests of the weak in market competition.

There is nothing absolutely fair in the world. In the market economy environment, the competition between people is also inherently unfair in social resources, family background, interpersonal relationships and so on. After careful analysis, we will find that social fairness seems to be divided into "interest fairness" and "moral fairness". The former releases social energy, while the latter ensures social stability, and the two cannot be neglected. In order to prevent unfairness in the market economy, it is very important to formulate a series of open and transparent policies, regulations and systems to safeguard social fairness, so that the issue of fairness can be based on evidence.

What seems unfair to a group or unit may be "as heavy as Mount Tai" to a small unit or family. The poor, the disabled, the helpless, the unemployed and the laid-off are all the weak in society, and their sensitivity to fairness is naturally higher than others. Safeguarding the rights and interests of these people is a major event to safeguard social "moral fairness" and long-term social stability.

Market economy does not believe in tears, but public servants should have compassion, compassion, compassion and love for the people. We should not only maintain "efficiency fairness" but also give consideration to "moral fairness". We should take safeguarding social fairness and justice as the main content of doing practical things for the people.

There are historical reasons for putting fairness in the position of "taking into account" in the distribution policy. Before the reform and opening up, China was an absolutely egalitarian country, and the distribution system of "big pot rice" greatly affected the efficiency. After the market-oriented reform more than 20 years ago, efficiency was gradually emphasized, the income gap widened, and "some people got rich first". From rural areas to cities, the economy has become active and effective. So after years of practice, we took "giving consideration to efficiency and fairness" as a summary of experience and wrote it into the 14th National Congress resolution. However, since the Third Plenary Session of the 14th CPC Central Committee, there have been new changes in the formulation of the relationship between efficiency and fairness, that is, from "giving consideration to efficiency and fairness" to "giving priority to efficiency and fairness", so that the relationship between them has changed from paying equal attention to efficiency and fairness to efficiency first, and fairness is also very important, but it is in a secondary position. The new formulation of the relationship between efficiency and fairness put forward by the Third Plenary Session of the 14th CPC Central Committee was completely correct and suited to the actual situation and development needs of our country at that time. In this process, with the development of China's economy, the social stratum structure in China has gradually changed, and voices representing different interests have emerged in the economic theory circle. Some people use the difference between "priority" and "consideration" to intentionally or unintentionally belittle and despise social fairness and social justice, and simply defend all the processes of accumulating wealth, which is not in line with the spirit of reform. "Efficiency first, giving consideration to fairness" is the guiding principle of income distribution in a certain period in China, not the unchangeable law in the whole historical period of market economy. With the development of total output and the relative solution of economic efficiency, the issue of social equity will gradually rise to a prominent issue. Therefore, we must pay more attention to social fairness from now on, adjust the relationship between efficiency and fairness, and increase the weight of social fairness. The slogan of "giving priority to efficiency and giving consideration to fairness" can now begin to fade out and gradually transition to "paying equal attention to fairness and efficiency".

From a moral point of view, fairness and efficiency are consistent. Fair morality is also the recognition of personal efforts, which will stimulate people's enthusiasm and produce great efficiency.

The key to our competition with other countries in the world in all aspects is the competition of talents and the efficiency of human resources use, and the key to the efficiency of human resources use is whether the development and use of human resources are fair and reasonable. Fairness, based on morality, will arouse people's enthusiasm, produce strong cohesion and centripetal force and improve efficiency.

When an individual is recognized, he will have a feeling of knowing what to do, so that he can try his best to improve work efficiency, coordinate fairness and efficiency, and maintain a stable order and development of society. "Paying attention to efficiency and maintaining fairness is not only the proper meaning of spiritual civilization construction and ideological and moral construction, but also the essential requirement of socialist construction, which embodies the dialectical unity of efficiency and fairness under the conditions of socialist market economy.

We emphasize that the principle of coordination between efficiency and fairness is an important difference between socialist moral construction and moral construction of all exploiting classes. It serves the fundamental purpose of liberating and developing productive forces, eliminating exploitation and polarization, and finally achieving prosperity.

Establishing a moral system that conforms to fairness and efficiency is conducive to social development and the improvement of production efficiency. "In the process of talent training, we can't ignore the cultivation of morality, nor can we ignore the role of morality in the process of human resource allocation.

From the perspective of management, management fairness can mobilize the enthusiasm of workers and promote the improvement of efficiency. The function of management is to maintain fair order, and the basic principle of management is to achieve fairness in order to improve efficiency. In other words, the fairer the management, the more it can mobilize people's positive factors, produce positive effects and improve efficiency. Otherwise, unfair management will lead to negative destructive forces in the opposite direction and reduce efficiency. Therefore, management is very important to fairness and efficiency, and has far-reaching significance. For management, fairness has two functions, one is the incentive function, and the other is the result function.

The so-called incentive function is to stimulate people's enthusiasm, fully mobilize people's enthusiasm, develop people's potential and creativity, and make people work hard towards the expected goals of the organization.

Because the fundamental principle of motivation is development, developing people's subjective initiative and creative spirit. Develop people's wisdom and potential. Set expected value goals and pursuits for the organization. In other words, motivation can make people pursue something. With the pursuit, they have the power to make progress, the courage and determination to overcome difficulties, the methods to achieve their goals, and the spirit of being arrogant and brave. So there will be greater and better efficiency.

The so-called resultant force function is another major function of fairness in management, which is extremely precious and priceless. The resultant force we are talking about is a special form of force formed by centripetal force and cohesion of a country or unit. It is not a simple sum of individual forces, but a collective force that can be multiplied.

How to deal with the relationship between fairness and efficiency?

1, efficiency first principle

Dealing with the relationship between fairness and efficiency should give priority to efficiency. Because fairness and efficiency are consistent in general, implementing the principle of giving priority to efficiency is fairness. The principle of reasonable efficiency priority means that the distribution system and policies should take promoting the development of productive forces and social and economic benefits as the primary goal, and developing the socialist market economy and deepening the economic system reform must take efficiency as the priority value goal.

The principle of giving priority to efficiency means that people take economic construction as the center and realize the development of productive forces as the goal. In this way, efficiency is improved, social wealth is increased, and people enjoy more social fairness. The development of productive forces is the standard to measure the realization of all social progress. Because efficiency belongs to the category of real productive forces, fairness belongs to the category of production relations and superstructure. Therefore, from the general relationship between efficiency and fairness in the sequence of social development factors, it is inevitable to give priority to efficiency and give consideration to fairness. Among the factors of human social progress, productivity plays a huge role. The improvement of production efficiency has promoted social progress. With the progress and development of society from low to high, social equity is more and more fully realized. Macroscopically, the lower the production efficiency, the less fully social equity is realized, and the less free, democratic and fair people are. On the contrary, the higher the production efficiency, the richer the social wealth, the more perfect the human social order based on the enhancement of social material civilization, the more people fully enjoy freedom, democracy and fairness, and the more opportunities they have to realize themselves and improve themselves. The more wealth created for the society, the greater the efficiency. Therefore, in the relationship between the two, efficiency is given priority and fairness is given consideration.

We are a socialist country, and it is inevitable to adhere to the principle of giving priority to efficiency. As a socialist country, our fundamental task is to liberate productive forces, eliminate exploitation and polarization, and finally achieve prosperity with * * * *. The development of productive forces must be improved through efficiency. Only by developing production and improving efficiency can we gradually eliminate exploitation, eliminate polarization and realize real fairness and prosperity. Therefore, giving priority to efficiency and maximizing economic efficiency are the requirements of the essence of socialism. Moreover, adhering to the principle of giving priority to efficiency is the material basis of fairness. Only when social material is rich can social equity be improved. If the efficiency is low and the material wealth is seriously scarce, how can we achieve real fairness?

We pay too much attention to fairness and neglect efficiency, mistakenly thinking that fairness is egalitarianism in the field of distribution, so we have implemented fair and average distribution. What will be the consequences of this fair salary system? That is, it hinders efficiency, and the result is that people are in a state of poverty and embarrassment for a long time. Without the development of production and efficiency, fairness has no material basis. To put efficiency first, only by putting efficiency first can we provide a fair material basis. Without efficiency, fairness is just empty talk.

Today, China is implementing the socialist market economy system, which needs to change the highly centralized planned economy system in China's original economic system. Under the original planned economy system, the allocation of resources was regulated by the state administrative department, which led to the low efficiency of China's social and economic operation. Under the condition of socialist market economy system, the economic operation is centered on the market, and the production efficiency is improved by implementing the competition mechanism and the law of survival of the fittest. If an enterprise is efficient, it will grow and develop; If it is inefficient, it will decline or even be eliminated. The principle of survival of the fittest and limited efficiency conforms to this law of market economy.

The reason why the market economy is full of vitality is that opportunities are fair and efficiency is given priority in competition. For enterprises, under the conditions of competition and the same market, efficiency is the key to their survival and development. So efficiency should be the first. Enterprises should formulate feasible marketing strategies according to market demand when formulating development strategies, and reduce costs and improve product quality as much as possible within enterprises. Fully tap human resources and mobilize the enthusiasm of employees, thus improving efficiency. Only when the enterprise benefits well can it be in an advantage in the fierce market competition.

The principle of giving consideration to fairness

We adhere to the principle of giving priority to efficiency, do not deny fairness, and do not emphasize the pursuit of efficiency at the expense of fairness. The correct way is to give consideration to fairness while adhering to efficiency priority, because only by adhering to fairness can we mobilize the enthusiasm and initiative of efficiency creators, that is, the main body, to participate in creation. If the main body's efforts are recognized by the society, it can stimulate his enthusiasm for work. Improve work efficiency, on the contrary, unfairness will make the subject lose work enthusiasm and reduce fairness and efficiency. Therefore, only by giving consideration to fairness can efficiency be improved. Moreover, the rationality of the order embodied by fairness will promote the improvement of the overall efficiency of society, which is an organic whole. Only when individuals are recognized and affirmed can individuals play their roles effectively, the whole society develop in an orderly manner, individuals can coordinate with each other, form a good team spirit, improve the overall efficiency of society, generate great cohesion and centripetal force, and create high efficiency.

In short, it is very necessary to give consideration to fairness, because there are vulnerable groups in society for various reasons. For these vulnerable groups, out of humanitarian concern, the government should give consideration to fairness, and transfer this part of funds to these vulnerable groups through various measures, such as collecting personal income tax from high-income earners, such as distributing unemployment benefits, helping laid-off workers to re-find jobs, and helping out-of-school children to return to classes. Only in this way can these people get the help they deserve, get the education opportunities they deserve and participate in job competition, tap their potential, avoid the waste of human resources and improve efficiency.

Fairness promotes efficiency, which is conducive to the realization of efficiency, and efficiency provides a material basis for the realization of fairness. The two are consistent. Today, when we are building a socialist market economy, everyone should enjoy equal participation in competition and equal employment opportunities, and start competition at the same starting line. Personal distribution and income should keep a dynamic balance with personal efforts-more work, more gain. Oppose the absolute equalitarianism of small producers and advocate more work and more pay. When implementing policies, the state should put efficiency first, and take the development of productive forces and the improvement of people's living standards as the ultimate goal, but give consideration to fairness. The state regulates them through various ways and policies, giving them equal opportunities to participate in competition and national economic construction. In order to improve economic efficiency, in short, between fairness and efficiency, that is, we can not only emphasize efficiency but ignore fairness, nor can we ignore efficiency because of fairness. We should seek the best combination of fairness and efficiency, realize efficiency and promote fairness.