Fight the epidemic by science and technology? The result? It is only a microcosm of the achievements of scientific and technological work in colleges and universities in recent years. In the past ten years, how can colleges and universities continuously improve their scientific and technological innovation ability, promote the reform of system and mechanism, lead a new development bureau with scientific and technological innovation achievements, and become the main force of basic research and the source of major scientific and technological breakthroughs? The Ministry of Education introduced the relevant situation at the press conference held on June 5438+09.
Accelerate the gathering of resources and enhance the innovation ability of the source.
In the field of physics, the team of Tsinghua University Xue Qikun first observed the quantum anomalous Hall effect, which is a major original breakthrough in the international condensed matter physics field in recent years; In the field of chemistry, Zhou Qilin team of Nankai University discovered a brand-new skeleton structure of chiral spirocyclic ligands, which improved the synthesis efficiency of chiral molecules to a new height and solved the problem that has plagued the field of asymmetric catalysis for more than half a century. In the field of materials science, Zhao Dongyuan team of Fudan University innovated the synthesis method and theory of functional mesoporous materials and created a new type of mesoporous catalyst, which can greatly improve the utilization rate of crude oil resources and provide core technical support for solving energy and environmental problems.
? Major original innovations often sprout from deep basic research and come from interdisciplinary fields, and universities have natural advantages in these two aspects. ? Lei Chaozi, director of the Department of Science, Technology and Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, said that in the past ten years, colleges and universities have won six of all 10 national natural science first prizes, accounting for 67% of all natural science prizes, which is a veritable main force in basic research.
The achievement of basic research is inseparable from the gathering of innovative resources in colleges and universities. Lei Chaozi introduced that in the past ten years, colleges and universities have continuously strengthened the construction of innovation platform system. Colleges and universities take the lead in building more than 60% national key laboratories and 30% national engineering (technology) research centers; Aiming at the frontier of science and technology in the world and the major needs of the country, the Ministry of Education has actively laid out and built 25 frontier science centers, 14 integrated research platforms, 38 national collaborative innovation centers and 1500 platforms, including key laboratories of the Ministry of Education, engineering research centers and collaborative innovation centers built by provincial departments. In addition, universities have taken the lead in building a number of major supporting platforms, such as national major scientific and technological infrastructure, high-grade biosafety laboratories and national field science observation stations, and initially formed a scientific research platform system with clear levels, reasonable layout and effective support.
? In the past ten years, the group of strategic scientists and leading talents in colleges and universities has also been growing. Colleges and universities have gathered more than 40% academicians of the two academies and nearly 70% winners of the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars. R& measures the input index of scientific and technological manpower in scientific and technological activities in colleges and universities; The full-time equivalent of D personnel increased from 209,000 person-years in 2065,438+02 to 334,000 person-years in 2026,5438+0, an increase of nearly 60%. ? Lei chaozi analysis, Cultivating high-quality innovative talents through high-level scientific research has supported the training of millions of master's and doctoral students, and a large number of outstanding graduates enter national scientific research institutions, leading scientific and technological enterprises and research universities every year. The convergence of innovative resources has laid a solid foundation for the original innovation ability and the breakthrough of key core technologies in colleges and universities. ?
Facing the major demand, we should gather strength to build the country's heavy weapon.
Shanghai Jiao Tong University took the lead in independently developing the first large-scale offshore cutter suction dredging equipment in China? Tiankun? , realized the independent research and development and industrialization of large-scale cutter suction dredging equipment at sea, and completed the development from? Blocked? Arrive? Export control? A historic leap; Tsinghua University led the design of the world's first pebble bed modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear power plant for the first time, marking that China has become one of the few countries in the world to master the fourth-generation nuclear energy technology; Huazhong University of Science and Technology has successfully developed a high-grade CNC system with independent intellectual property rights, which has reached the international advanced level in an all-round way and has been applied in aerospace and other fields in batches. Deep pressure maintaining coring drilling rig system led by Hunan University of Science and Technology? Manatee II? Break the dependence of our combustible ice exploration technology and equipment on foreign countries.
? In the past ten years, colleges and universities have made great efforts on a number of key core technologies based on the urgent and long-term needs of the country. Stuck in the neck? We will make every effort to solve this problem and concentrate on building the country's heavy weapons. In the past ten years, colleges and universities have won 10 of all1items in the first prize of national technological invention, and all 72% of the technological invention prizes, and won two special prizes of national scientific and technological progress, which has become the source of major scientific and technological breakthroughs. ? Lei Chaozi introduced.
Tsinghua University and Zhejiang * * * established the Yangtze River Delta Research Institute, which has accumulated more than 50 major scientific research platforms and innovation and entrepreneurship platforms, introduced and trained more than 0/000 overseas high-level talents, and incubated and cultivated more than 2,700 scientific and technological enterprises. Huazhong Agricultural University took the lead in developing the only pig genome matching software that can handle millions of people in China, with the functions of genome selection and accurate matching. Tall and fast? The new lean pig strain 1 1 individual, and the annual coverage of excellent genes exceeds 1 100 million commercial pigs; Nanjing Agricultural University has discovered excellent rice germplasm and genes resistant to stripe virus, constructed a molecular breeding technology system, and cultivated a series of new varieties resistant to stripe virus, which fundamentally controlled the harm of stripe virus in the Yangtze River basin. Serve food security and rural revitalization, actively integrate into regional innovation and development strategies, adopt artificial intelligence, carbon neutrality, rural revitalization, and the Belt and Road Initiative? Blockchain and a number of special action plans for scientific and technological innovation, colleges and universities use excellent innovation results to write wonderful answers for science and technology to serve the country.
? In recent years, Peking University has made great efforts to guide scholars to pay attention to the practical problems faced by economic and social development and national security. Many teams in the school aim at the national demand and promote innovative research in the fields of graphene material preparation, photoelectric devices, gallium nitride semiconductors, high-end medical equipment, biological breeding of wheat and fruits and vegetables, and digital economy. Academician Mei Hong's team invented the key core technology of big data fusion. Subversion? Black box interoperability technology based on: Academician Gao Wen's team established the international standard of independent intellectual property rights in China in the field of ultra-high definition video coding and decoding. ? Sun, vice president of Peking University, said.
? In the past ten years, the importance of colleges and universities in national scientific and technological innovation has been continuously highlighted, and a number of significant scientific and technological achievements with symbolic significance have been produced in basic frontier fields and key core technology fields, which are more closely connected with national strategies and national needs and provide key kinetic energy for economic and social development. ? Qu Zhenyuan, former president of China Higher Education Society, analyzed, first, it is more prominent? National mission? Strengthen the orientation of national demand, undertake major national scientific and technological tasks, build a major scientific research platform, and solve the urgent needs of the country? Stuck in the neck? Question two, is it more prominent? Active duty? Organize and guide colleges and universities to gather scientific problems from the actual needs of the industry, adopt flexible and in-depth cooperation methods, and accelerate the deep integration of Industry-University-Research. ?
Improve the system and mechanism and create a pragmatic and innovative ecology.
Peking University has explored the introduction, training and evaluation mechanism of high-level talents, and established the talent work system of classified evaluation and promotion of teaching and research series, full-time research series and full-time teaching series; Tsinghua University formulated the "Implementation Opinions on Supporting the Construction of National Laboratories", and established mechanisms such as double employment of teachers, postgraduate training, ownership of intellectual property rights and distribution of rights and interests. Qu Zhenyuan said that in the past ten years, by promoting scientific and technological evaluation, achievements transformation and other reforms, we have guided the pursuit of scientific research person value, established an innovative culture in colleges and universities that adapts to the new stage and new requirements, and gradually established a pragmatic and innovative ecology.
? In the past ten years, the Ministry of Education has vigorously promoted the reform of the scientific and technological system and mechanism, continuously promoted giving universities greater autonomy in scientific research management, and organized universities to carry out? Expand the autonomy of universities and research institutes, give innovation leaders greater control over property and technical routes, expand the autonomy in the use of research funds, and give researchers the ownership and long-term use right of scientific and technological achievements? A series of pilot projects, such as title evaluation, degree awarding and performance reward, made a negative list of the phenomenon of excessive use of related indicators in SCI papers. The evaluation orientation with innovation quality, ability and contribution as the core is gradually established in colleges and universities, and the vitality of scientific and technological innovation in colleges and universities is constantly stimulated, and the academic ecology is constantly optimized to escort the development of scientific and technological innovation in colleges and universities. ? Lei Chaozi said.
Sun said that Peking University introduced a pilot program for the construction of high-level research teams in science and engineering, and accelerated the construction of a scientific and technological research strategy with leading talents as the leader and high-level teams as the support; Promote the close integration of scientific research and education and actively encourage graduate students to participate in major scientific research projects. ? The school has introduced a number of strategic scientists, such as Xie Xiaoliang, Ewing and Songchun Zhu, and strengthened the strategic reserve of young talents. At present, there are many teachers aged 36 to 50 in the school's teaching staff. Young and middle-aged teachers account for more than 90% of newly introduced talents. Relying on the national integrated circuit production and education integration innovation platform, we carried out in-depth cooperation with leading enterprises in the industry in joint research and development of advanced node technology, and jointly trained more than 300 engineering masters. In the past three years, more than 95% of the graduates have joined the national integrated circuit industry. ?