Keywords: Influencing factors of college students' psychological growth
College students refer to students who are receiving higher education, and their age span is basically between 18-22 years old. After the second peak of adolescence, their physical development reached the peak of their lives. Although the height and weight are still growing slowly, it has entered a stable growth period from the growth and development period, and the functions of various organs of the human body are improving day by day. Research shows that the body organ system of college students is close to maturity or has reached maturity.
1 Stage characteristics of college students' psychological development
College students have not yet formed a fixed psychological structure and their self-awareness is not yet mature. So we say that the psychological development of college students is at an important stage of transition from immaturity to maturity. Therefore, many psychologists vividly compare it to the "second weaning" of life.
(-) Adjust the adaptation period
After entering the university, I face strange campuses, strange faces and strange living habits. The psychological set that freshmen have formed has been impacted. Only when they gradually establish a new psychological structure and reach a new psychological balance in the new environment can they begin their real college life.
First of all, for some freshmen, collective life is the first time in their lives. From being alone in a room at home to sharing a room with many strangers, there are bound to be some unaccustomed and uneasy emotions. Many college girls pull up curtains at the bedside, which is essentially used to cover up their psychological anxiety and fear. Secondly, freshmen should take care of themselves. When freshmen report for school, most of their luggage is arranged by their parents. When parents leave, students are at a loss and don't know how to start a new life. Once again, it is the inadaptability of learning. The teaching methods, learning methods and assessment methods of universities and middle schools are different, and freshmen need to overcome various psychological obstacles to adapt.
(B) the period of stable development
When college students complete the transition of life change in the first academic year, they basically adapt to the learning and living environment of the university, establish good learning methods, and get to know each other to a certain extent. Their emotions are basically stable, a new psychological balance has been initially established, and all aspects of the relationship have become mature and stable.
With the deepening of teaching progress, the proportion of specialized courses is increasing, and interpersonal communication and competition are becoming more and more fierce. The pace of study and life is accelerated, the sense of urgency of college students is enhanced, and the psychological pressure brought by their studies and future is increased. The teaching methods in colleges and universities make them feel more free to study than in high school. For some students who don't know how to cherish and arrange their time scientifically, they have the illusion that "too much free time makes me feel at a loss". At the same time, this stage is also the "high incidence period" of love. Many students began to have targeted sex with heterosexual friends, pay attention to their clothes, and spend more on making friends, but most of them still study wholeheartedly. At this stage, college students will encounter many opportunities for exercise, including the joy of overcoming difficulties and the confusion of encountering problems. Most students grow up after all kinds of tempering. This stage is also a period when college students' world outlook and outlook on life are gradually determined, and it is also a period when they are further exposed to complex issues such as social issues, political issues, personal future, love and marriage.
(3) Graduation preparation period
This stage is a transitional stage for college students from study life to professional life. At this time, after several years of campus life, college students have received strict professional training, have certain professional knowledge, have strong autonomy, have greatly improved their self-awareness, and have initially contacted the society. They tend to be mature, basically similar to the psychological characteristics of adults, and can deal with various problems rationally. However, facing the problems of thesis defense and graduation assignment, they are in a state of mental tension, which is mainly manifested in a sense of urgency, responsibility and anxiety. When we are about to enter the society, college students are faced with a change of environment and role. They are confident but doubt their abilities, such as work ability and social ability. And these abilities can not be completely evaluated by school performance. Therefore, in the face of their future after graduation, their mentality is unstable. When some students find jobs with "light living and high salary", others will raise their employment expectations. After several career failures, I will complain about the indifference of the employer and doubt whether the knowledge I have learned is useful. This stage is a stage of all-round development of college students' quality in all aspects, and also a stage of further promoting college students' psychological maturity.
Second, the factors affecting the psychological growth of college students
(-) Physiological factors
Physical growth and development is the material basis of psychological development. After the development of college students' body organs is completed, the growth and development of the body tend to be stable and mature, which affects the psychological development of college students. This influence is mainly manifested in the following aspects: first, the intelligence level reaches the peak stage; Second, emotional feelings are stable and delicate; Third, the shaping and perfection of personality, college students are very sensitive to their body shape, some are proud of their body shape and appearance, and even overestimate themselves; Some college students who are dissatisfied with their physique and appearance are gradually decreasing, while more and more people think that intelligence, sentiment and personality are more important.
(b) Social and environmental factors
Social environmental factors include politics, economy, culture, science and technology. College students are talents trained for the country. They are constantly influenced by politics and economy, and the rapid development of science and technology will also affect their thinking.
(3) School education
There are some defects in the education system of some colleges and universities in China, such as biased school education view, teachers' quality problems, campus violence, etc., which will have a negative impact on college students' psychology. With the expansion of enrollment scale and the competition among universities, many universities pay one-sided attention to imparting knowledge and skills, and take exams as the main criterion for assessing students, which makes students memorize the contents of exams and stifles their enthusiasm for learning.
home environment
Family plays an important role in the psychological development of college students. When college students leave their families and parents, the influence of family on them is far less than before. However, family is still the basis of influencing college students' behavior and psychological development, and parents' parenting style and family atmosphere are important factors affecting college students' psychological growth.
(5) Personality
The influence of human personality is an important internal factor that restricts the psychological growth of college students. Correct world outlook, outlook on life and values are the most positive and active factors in people's psychological growth, which plays an important guiding role in college students' psychological growth; However, such unhealthy personality characteristics as cowardice, inferiority, isolation, narrow-mindedness, impulsiveness, and extreme have had a bad influence on the psychological growth of college students.
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