The present situation of water quality in the main stream of Hanjiang River is analyzed and evaluated, and the changing trend of main monitoring indexes is discussed. It is pointed out that the water quality of Hanjiang River is mainly Grade II and III, and it is generally good. The water quality of the section above Baijiawan in Xiangfan is obviously better than that of the downstream section, and the section with relatively poor water quality is mainly the urban control section. The main pollutant in Hanjiang River is total phosphorus. The changes of water quality in different water periods are as follows: normal water period is better than high water period, and high water period is better than low water period. During the period of 16, the permanganate index and the annual average value of ammonia nitrogen increased by 37.5% and 25% respectively.