First, the essence of Confucianism
Confucianism, as the mainstream of traditional culture in China, has lasted for thousands of years and represents splendid Chinese culture. During the Spring and Autumn Period, it was no accident that Confucianism was placed in an exclusive position after the baptism of "burning books to bury Confucianism". This is inseparable from the comprehensiveness and appeal of Confucianism itself, which has deeply influenced the people of China and China society.
1. "Benevolence"-the core value of Confucianism
"Benevolence" is the core value concept of Confucianism. Confucianism believes that people have four hearts: sadness, shame, rebellion and right and wrong, that is, benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom. Among them, "benevolence" is the core and foundation, emphasizing that a person can define himself only in the relationship with others, and only through "two people" can he define "one person", and benevolence is "two people", so "benevolence is also". Confucianism believes that people must first have a warm, loving, grateful, modest and kind heart, that is, a kind heart. This attitude should be reflected in basic interpersonal relationships, especially with relatives and friends. Secondly, we should promote kindness, enrich individuals and try our best to make the world harmonious. Kindness and kindness are the core of the meaning of life. The reason why Confucianism can be accepted by countless educated and uneducated people for thousands of years and become its core value belief is because it points out the fundamental needs of human nature. Although social civilization has evolved rapidly, if we can't grasp the core value of life, life will inevitably get lost. Confucianism is concerned with how to understand and meet the core and deepest needs of human nature. The core value advocated by Confucianism belongs to the principle of value, and its focus lies in kindness, respect for heaven and cherish things. This kind of value refinement is needed by any society.
The popularity, vitality and attraction of Confucianism
The reason why Confucianism is popular, vivid and infectious lies in its adaptation to the traditional small-scale peasant economy in China. The dependence of agricultural civilization on land not only did not cut off the blood relationship with the clan, but inherited and continued it. Due to the transcendence and hierarchy of consanguinity, the collective (family) formed by consanguinity is a three-dimensional hierarchy. Father and son have absolute control over young people, and they are not equal. In addition, consanguinity is transcendental, transcendental and beyond the will, and no one can change, get rid of and surpass it. Only by acknowledging, obeying and obeying this relationship can individuals gain their own status and interests. This is the foundation of the family system in China. Confucianism emphasizes that "filial piety" is the basis of "benevolence", which is not only a reflection of the patriarchal social system based on blood relationship, but also a maintenance of this patriarchal system: adhering to the "difference between people and birds" and moral education is conducive to Dunhua social atmosphere and maintaining normal social order. Affirming the rationality of the hierarchy of respecting the monarch is the recognition of imperial power and feudal hierarchy. At the same time, adhering to the idea of "great unification" has satisfied people's feelings of nationalism and patriotism. Taking the "golden mean" as the supreme virtue in the thinking path requires "knocking at both ends and grasping at the end" and has the advantage of being good at persistence. Finally, advocate the inner saint and the outer king. I hope to use my own theory to educate and transform the society and tidy up the family. Governing the country and leveling the world advocates active accession to the WTO: at the same time, we advocate correcting ourselves first and sticking to our own practices. The connotation of Confucianism has the characteristics of popularity, life and power. It can meet the needs of different social classes and interest groups, so it is easy to be recognized by the society.
Second, the modern value of Confucianism to enterprise management
The modern value of Confucianism to enterprise management mainly includes: people-oriented, righteousness-oriented, morality-oriented, benevolence-oriented, diligence and self-discipline Shang Xian.
1 People-oriented
Confucianism advocates that "everything is born and only people are precious". "People are expensive, the society is second, and the king is light". Governing the country should be based on enriching the people. "The people help the foundation and the foundation is solid." The people are the foundation of the country. Only when it is fundamentally consolidated can the country be at peace. Modern economy and science and technology have created enormous material wealth, but some people often only pay attention to the growth of wealth and ignore the people who create wealth. They don't understand that white people are the purpose. In enterprise management, there is also a tendency to see things but not people. In enterprise management, we should be "people-oriented" and attach importance to people's enthusiasm and creativity.
2. Unity of justice and benefit.
Confucius Day: "Be brave, sacrifice one's life for righteousness": Gouzi Day: "Those who are righteous before benefiting will be honored, those who are righteous will be humiliated, those who are honored will always know, those who are humiliated will always be poor, and those who know will always control others". Confucianism takes righteousness as an important value orientation. It doesn't take ill-gotten gains. To oppose it is to be rich and heartless. People have different opinions on how to understand the relationship between righteousness and benefit. Some people strongly criticize the Confucian thought of valuing righteousness over profit, thinking that it hinders the development of market economy. In fact, the "righteousness" advocated by Confucianism refers to the overall interests, the interests of the nation and the country. Emphasize that there is a road to making money, and self-interest does not harm others. Confucius said, "Those who are rich and expensive will get what they want. It's not what they got. It is everywhere. " It can be seen that Confucius did not oppose getting rich, but advocated getting rich with confidence. In the days of market economy development, everyone is pursuing the maximization of personal interests, and every enterprise is also pursuing the maximization of profits, thus forming an internal driving force to promote economic development. This is a positive factor and must be affirmed. However, we should not overemphasize anything. If we only talk about utility, or even pay attention to money, we will make huge profits by hook or by crook, which is not conducive to the development of the enterprise itself and the normal operation of the economy. Confucian emphasis on "righteousness" can just make up for this deficiency. In enterprise management, some entrepreneurs have borrowed this idea from Confucianism, clearly put forward the business purpose of "a gentleman loves money and takes it wisely", emphasized the combination of pursuing profits and serving the people, and established a good corporate image.
3 serve people with virtue.
Confucianism advocates being kind to people. In the family, we should be "kind to our father, filial to our son, kind to our brothers, loyal to our husbands, obedient to women, loyal to gentlemen and loyal to the people" and form a harmonious and warm family relationship. As far as the whole society is concerned, Confucianism advocates "gentleness, kindness, courtesy, frugality and flexibility", which is an important foundation for social stability. Confucian benevolence is of great practical significance for establishing harmonious and friendly interpersonal relationships and enhancing the feelings between employees and between employees and enterprises. Some enterprises regard "harmony is precious" and "harmony is precious" as important management principles, and emphasize care, love and respect for people in the whole management process, emphasizing humanistic management, which is a major feature of Oriental management. It is very necessary that modern enterprise management mainly emphasizes system and law. However, Confucianism emphasizes the importance of ethics and advocates the cultivation of human virtue and a good society, so that people can do what they should do according to moral standards. Such as Confucius Day: "For; Politics is based on virtue. For example, Beichen, who lives there, is surrounded by stars. " "Tao is based on politics, and qi is punished. People are free from shame. The Tao is based on morality. Qi is based on courtesy and is ashamed and qualified. " Mencius said another day: "Yes; Those who are convinced are not convinced; Those who serve people with virtue are happy to serve them. " Obviously, institutions, laws, wives, laws and norms should complement each other and attach equal importance to them. As an invisible binding force, ethics is indispensable for modern enterprise management.
4 take benevolence by faith
Honesty is an important part of Confucian traditional virtues and the basic principle of being a man. Then. Confucianism believes that "an honest man. The exhaustion of the world is also. " "The pursuit of wealth will be justified, and the injustice will be hanged; Himself. " Advocate sincere treatment, honesty and dedication, keeping promises and stressing credibility. "You keep your word, but your actions bear fruit", "If you don't obey the rules, it's no different". Honesty is not only a traditional virtue, but also a way of doing business on behalf of history. In the past, many small companies in China took "genuine, honest and trustworthy" as their business creed. Practise fraud, deceive customers, and fail to perform; Contractual enterprises cannot exist for a long time. Mr. Bao Yugang, known as the king of ships in the world; The way to success is to "make a deal with reputation" Seek development with credibility. " In fact, "honesty is; Ben. Credit first has become the motto of many entrepreneurs. At the same time, so is honesty; Spiritual pillar of modern market economy operation
5 Diligence and thrift:
Confucianism has always advocated diligent governance and frugality. The beauty of diligence and thrift of the Chinese nation is very influential in the world. Every Chinese descendant. No matter how much you study, go back to Mexico and call yourself Jia in business. * * * is characterized by being diligent, hardworking, hard-working and relatively simple, and advocates economy everywhere. Confucianism believes that thrift is the wife factor and happiness factor of soul purification. It not only makes people stretch their bones and muscles, but also makes people stretch their mood. People who work often and like to work are more open-minded and cheerful, and happiness is always there. The values of diligence and thrift meet the requirements of modern management. Any enterprise must carefully calculate and reduce costs in order to achieve high efficiency. ;
6 be strict with yourself
Confucianism advocates that people should be upright in front of themselves, be strict with themselves and be lenient with others. Its body is not straight. Although it is disobedient, "if you are safe in the world, you must first correct yourself: you can control yourself, and then you can treat people;" It can cure diseases and save lives, and then it can be used for it. In terms of strict self-discipline, Confucianism also put forward the cultivation method of "cautious independence". These methods emphasize that to manage others well, we must first manage ourselves well; If you want to be upright, you must be upright. As a manager, we should set an example in talent, ability, morality, temperament and style, and be strict with ourselves. This is also the basic quality that modern enterprise managers should have.
7. The focus is on Shang Xian.
Confucianism advocates "the dignity of teaching", respecting teachers and attaching importance to teaching, and attaching importance to talents. "The rise and fall of a country depends on talents. Success depends on talents, and industry depends on talents ",which fully expounds the importance of talents. The way of employing people emphasizes that "Xu Shi's style must be realistic, and the skills of employing people must be used to the best of their abilities", "No one is perfect without gold" and "employing people as tools, each taking its own advantages" and so on. These discuss the importance of attaching importance to talents and sages in enterprise management.
In a word, Confucian culture and modern enterprise management are mutually independent and influential. In the turbulent 2 1 century, Confucian culture will have a far-reaching impact on world economic life.
Now many people are calling for Confucius to be the Confucius of the world, just as Socrates is the Socrates of the world. What contribution did Confucius, a world-famous China educator, politician and thinker make to the culture of China? Let's talk about virtue education thought first!
Confucius said, "Those who are born straight and idle are lucky to be spared." According to Confucius, a person should be upright, and only integrity can be aboveboard. However, dishonest people in our lives can survive, but that's just a fluke to avoid disaster. According to the logical reasoning of the development of things, such a lucky man will fall down sooner or later. In ancient times, Wen Tianxiang resolutely committed suicide, but today, Zhu Ziqing's hunger strike has ignited the soul of China. This is the root of the Chinese nation! If the roots are not bent, the branches will be straight!
People should attach importance to "benevolence". This is one of the most important issues in Confucius' life. In Confucius' view, benevolence is the foundation of being a man and occupies the first place. Confucius said, "Disciples are filial, and younger brothers are younger. They sincerely believe that they love people all the time, but they are kind. I have spare capacity to study literature. " ("Xue Ji") Again: "Are people ruthless, like courtesy? People are heartless, so what are you happy about? " ("Bashu") This shows that it is meaningful to study and learn rites and music only on the basis of benevolence. Confucius also believed that only the benevolent can treat others selflessly and get people's praise. Confucius said, "Benevolent people can be good and hateful." A kind heart can make you inclusive of the whole world. Emperor Taizong helped the submissive people and founded the rule of Zhenguan. This spirit of benevolence is not only needed by China society in feudal times, but also of great significance for building a socialist China with China characteristics today. Isn't it because of his kindness that Premier Wen rushed to the front line of earthquake relief at the first time after the earthquake? With his encouragement, the people of the whole country United to save Wenchuan from danger.
So what is benevolence? Yan Yuan asked Ren, and Confucius said, "Self-denial is benevolence. A day of self-denial and self-denial, the world is benevolent. " ("Yan Yuan") In other words, only by restraining yourself and making words and deeds conform to the ceremony is benevolence. Once you keep your word, people all over the world will praise you as a kind person. It can be seen that "benevolence" is not innate, but the result of "self-cultivation" and "self-denial" acquired. Therefore, this is of great significance to the current youth education. To cultivate fertility and forge good quality, we should start with dolls, which requires the whole society to provide a good environment and example for children's growth.
Of course, Confucius also put forward the external standard of benevolence, that is, "rigidity, toughness, wood, laziness and kindness." (Lutz) That is to say, people with strong, decisive, simple and modest language are close to benevolence. At the same time, he also put forward five standards of practicing benevolence, namely "courtesy, tolerance, faithfulness, sensitivity and benefit" (Yang Huo). That is, humility, generosity, faithfulness, diligence and kindness. He said that respect for others will not lead to insults, generosity to others will win everyone's support, honesty to others will trust them, hard work will succeed, and kindness to others will command the people well. Confucius said that those who can practice these five virtues can be regarded as benevolence. This provides a clear direction for our efforts.
Zi Gong asked, "Why did Confucius call it Wen?" Confucius said, "I am quick and eager to learn, and I am not ashamed to ask questions. It is called' Wen'." It is said that the current literary world is too impetuous. A scholar, especially a master like Ji Xianlin, can't be confined to his own thoughts and a corner garden, nor can he comment on society indiscriminately, but should experience it personally and ask for advice. The world is full of knowledge. As long as you are willing to learn, don't be ashamed to ask questions, and accept with an open mind, you can accommodate everything in the world.
Zi teaches four things: literature, conduct, loyalty and faith.
Nakamiya wenren. Confucius said, "When you go out, you will meet the distinguished guests, making the people like big sacrifices. Do as you would be done by. You have no complaints at home and no complaints at home. " Zhong Gong said, "Yong Min, please talk to me." Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you. This seems to be a simple analogy, but there are still many people who can't do it. Don't impose your will on others. This has a great effect on the present family education. Parents' wishes cannot be imposed on their children, but they should give them a sky to grow freely, a sky to express their opinions and a sky to choose.
Look again, Confucius is the founder of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. Educate different students in different ways. For example, Ran Qiu is timid, and we should encourage him; Lutz is bold and self-righteous, so we should restrain him deliberately. Namely: "Seek retreat, so advance; Because I am also a person, I retired. " (Advanced) Confucius also attached importance to the induced enlightenment education. Instead of studying for life and death, it is more important to draw inferences from others, that is, the so-called "telling the past and knowing who will come" (Xueji). Xia Zi talked about the poem "Smiling skillfully, looking forward to Xi with beautiful eyes, always thinking it is gorgeous", thus realizing that "ceremony" should be based on loyalty, benevolence and righteousness, so Confucius praised him: "Giving is also business! It is enough to believe in "poetry". " The person who can inspire me is Xia Zi! Now I can talk to you about the Book of Songs. After listening to the teacher's lecture, Yan Yuan was "rich enough" (politics), and Zi Gong also said that he was "knowledgeable when he heard one thing" (Gong Yechang), so Confucius especially praised Yan Yuan for his cleverness and eagerness to learn. This is the inevitable result of enlightening and inducing education. Confucius particularly emphasized that "if you don't get angry, you won't get angry, you won't get angry, you won't get angry, and you won't get angry if you don't take one corner to top three corners." I won't enlighten him until he thinks hard and can't figure it out, and I won't enlighten him until he wants to talk, but he doesn't understand. If he can't give three examples, I won't teach him any more. Confucius also stressed that on the basis of enlightenment and induction, we must pay attention to gradual progress, that is, "Confucius is good and charming, knowledgeable and polite, and can't stop, not only exhausting my talents, but also surprising." Although I also want to follow, but in the end there is no reason! "(Zi Han) This situation, which makes students study hard but can't stop, is a portrayal of persuasion education and occupies an important position in the history of education in China.
Confucius played an important role in the formation of China's national culture. 2 1 century, we should excavate Confucius' profound thoughts bit by bit and then apply them to social progress!