Keywords: green logistics; Development issues; Countermeasures and suggestions
I. Introduction
Since the 1970s, people have paid more and more attention to environmental issues, which have almost been integrated into all fields of social economy, including the impact of environmental issues on the logistics industry, and green logistics came into being. However, green logistics was put forward in the mid-1990s, and there is no unified and mature definition at present. Generally speaking, green logistics refers to the use of advanced logistics technology to plan and implement logistics activities such as transportation, storage, packaging, loading and unloading, distribution and processing with the goal of reducing environmental pollution and resource consumption.
People's Republic of China (PRC)'s national standard "Logistics Terminology" points out that green logistics is to purify the logistics environment and maximize the use of logistics resources while restraining the harm caused by logistics to the environment. Its ultimate goal is to achieve sustainable development, and its activities also cover the whole life cycle of products.
Second, the development of green logistics in China
Since the introduction of the concept of logistics in China, the logistics industry has made great progress and occupied an important position in China's economy. However, as China is in a period of rapid economic growth, it is not only faced with the development task of improving social productive forces, enhancing comprehensive national strength and improving people's living standards, but also with rather severe environmental problems and difficulties. In addition, China's green logistics started late, and there is still a considerable gap compared with economically developed countries, so there are many shortcomings in its development process, such as the concept has not been widely recognized, and the technology and management level are backward.
(A) the concept of green logistics has not been accepted.
Because the green logistics industry in China has just emerged, people's understanding of it is still very limited, and some even don't understand it at all. In addition, it belongs to a new industry, which is unfamiliar to both the government, enterprises and consumers. Some people think that it is only a conceptual theory and cannot be applied to practice. In addition, the concept of green logistics basically does not exist in society, so its concept cannot be as deeply rooted in people's hearts as in western countries, and there is a big gap with the concept of green logistics in advanced technology countries in the world, so it lacks foresight for its development.
(2) The green logistics system is imperfect and the policies are lacking.
Because green logistics is of great significance to the sustainable development of China's economy and the improvement of people's living standards, green logistics is not only concerned by logistics enterprises, but also by the government and consumers. Although green logistics can be adjusted spontaneously through the market adjustment mechanism, it also needs the support and guidance of the government to make the green logistics industry develop better. Since 1990s, China has been committed to the construction of policies and regulations on environmental pollution, and has also promulgated a series of laws and regulations, but few of them are aimed at the logistics industry. In addition, there are many industries and departments involved in the logistics industry, and there is no special logistics department in China to plan, manage and supervise. Moreover, the responsibilities of China's management departments are unclear and there is no unified management idea, which leads to the disorder of the logistics industry and the huge waste of resource allocation.
(3) The infrastructure, equipment and technology of green logistics have declined.
After that. Because the logistics industry is closely related to transportation, warehousing, packaging, loading and unloading, circulation and other basic links, its development also has higher requirements for infrastructure such as roads, docks and distribution places. However, China's logistics industry has not yet formed a good scale, infrastructure construction is imperfect, equipment level is low, compatibility and compatibility are poor, and standards among various modes of transportation are not uniform, resulting in the slow development of logistics industry. Moreover, there is a certain gap between China's green logistics technology and developed countries, especially the backward level of mechanization and automation, which greatly reduces the logistics efficiency. The vicious competition and disorderly development within the logistics industry not only have a great impact on the environment, but also limit the better development of green logistics.
(D) Green logistics lacks professional and high-quality compound talents.
The competition of contemporary logistics enterprises is, in the final analysis, the competition of logistics talents. However, due to the late start of China's logistics industry, there is relatively little research on logistics. In addition, China's logistics education is still relatively backward, and the vocational education and higher education of logistics specialty have not yet formed a scale. Although there are logistics majors in colleges and universities, there are not many courses, and vocational colleges are uneven and their level is not very high. As for the training institutions of logistics personnel, they lack professional knowledge and the guidance of tutors, and have not conducted professional education. Green logistics graduate education has just started. There are many people who have been engaged in the logistics industry. Not only do they have low quality, but most of them have never studied logistics. They just operate and arrange according to their existing experience. In addition, they don't constantly absorb new knowledge from the outside world, which leads to the backwardness of education methods for others, so that enterprises have no fresh blood inflow, and enterprises have stopped. Therefore, the logistics industry in China needs high-quality compound professionals.
The above problems show that China's green logistics has a long way to go in the future development. Moreover, with the economic globalization, China is bound to join the brutal competition of logistics. Therefore, establishing and perfecting China's green logistics system to maximize economic benefits and resource utilization is conducive to the better development of China's green logistics and sustainable economic development.
Third, suggestions on developing green logistics in China.
(A) establish the concept of green logistics.
Today's society needs not only low carbon, but also green products, green consumption and, of course, green logistics. However, as a brand-new concept, green logistics has not been accepted by people, and the old logistics concept is still deeply rooted. Therefore, we should change people's ideas, make people realize the importance of green logistics in life, and actively understand and recognize green logistics. This requires the government to take all measures to vigorously publicize and advocate green logistics and create a good environment for the development of green logistics; At the same time, we also use all available mass media to provide information about green logistics to the public, so that people can understand the concept of green logistics more deeply. Of course, green logistics is not only concerned by the government, but also by enterprises. Because the new logistics concept is helpful to the sustainable development of enterprise economy and the improvement of long-term benefits, enterprises are required to change their employees' concepts in time, establish brand-new logistics concepts and update their concepts.
(2) Improve the green logistics system and laws and regulations.
Because the development of green logistics needs the strong policy guarantee of the government, it is necessary to establish a set of perfect laws, regulations and policy systems to effectively regulate, supervise and encourage the behavior of logistics enterprises. For example, we should restrict and interfere with logistics activities by establishing pollution charge system, establishing green logistics standards, environmental legislation and licensing system, and encourage and guide the mainstream behavior of logistics by formulating tax support policies, green subsidy policies and preferential loan policies to promote the healthy development of green logistics. However, there are many industries and departments involved in the logistics industry, which requires us to establish a unified system to plan and manage logistics, ensure the coordination of various departments and avoid the chaotic development of the logistics industry. At the same time, it is also necessary to clarify the division of responsibilities of various management departments, so that all departments can perform their duties and manage with unified thinking. Only in this way can we make full use of resources and make the green logistics industry develop rapidly.
(3) Strengthen the infrastructure and equipment of green logistics.
Because the development of logistics is closely related to transportation infrastructure such as roads, railways, water transport, shipping and pipelines. In order to make the logistics industry develop rapidly, it is necessary to speed up the construction and planning of green logistics infrastructure. However, China's current logistics infrastructure is not perfect, which requires us to pay attention to the utilization and transformation of logistics infrastructure, and make reasonable planning and overall design on this basis to improve the efficiency of existing facilities and give full play to their comprehensive efficiency. At the same time, it is necessary to unify the standards among various modes of transportation, pay attention to strengthening the connection between various modes of transportation, improve the transportation network, and make the road of logistics development smoother. Moreover, it is necessary to introduce advanced foreign technical concepts, pay attention to the transformation of existing logistics infrastructure, avoid redundant construction and waste of resources, and strengthen macro-coordination and functional integration of new facilities.
(D) Introduce foreign advanced green logistics technology.
At present, we are facing an all-round opening situation. The government should not only introduce advanced information technology, including total quality management (TQM), electronic data interchange (EDI), radio frequency technology (RF), global positioning system (GPS), enterprise resource planning (ERP) and so on. , comprehensively improve the level of enterprise information management, but also to establish an information network platform, speed up the exchange and transmission of information, to achieve the largest range of resource sharing.
(5) Cultivate high-quality compound talents of green logistics specialty.
Because green logistics is a new thing, people don't know much about it, let alone professionals, so it is necessary to strengthen the cultivation of green logistics talents. First of all, the government should vigorously support and guide the research work of green logistics, strengthen the development and application of applied technologies, and fully strengthen the cooperation among relevant scientific research institutions, universities and logistics enterprises, so as to form a virtuous circle of combining production, marketing and research and realize the transformation from theory to practice; Secondly, colleges and universities should also offer more logistics courses, carry out multi-level and diversified logistics education, introduce overseas logistics talents, continuously expand the logistics teachers and improve the level of logistics education, so as to cultivate more high-quality logistics professionals. However, China's educational system has just started, and it takes a long time to train talents, which requires us to carry out logistics training and qualification certification to improve the overall quality of logistics talents in China and meet the needs of logistics talents. For logistics personnel who have already taken up their jobs, they can also strengthen their professional knowledge through short-term professional training or on-the-job training, improve their own literacy, constantly absorb new things from the outside world, and become talents needed by enterprises.
Four. Concluding remarks
In a word, although the development level of green logistics in China is not high and there are many shortcomings, China's economy has become a part of the world economy, so we must speed up the international competitiveness of the logistics industry and accelerate the construction of green logistics. Moreover, green logistics is not only the objective requirement of sustainable economic development in 2 1 century, but also the inevitable choice of logistics development in China. It can not only realize the overall optimization of the logistics system, but also minimize the damage to the environment, which is conducive to the improvement of China's logistics management level and sustainable economic development, and is of great significance to China's economic development.
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