1952, Shanghai Fisheries College, the first fishery college in China, was established. Zhu Ren Haiyang, director of the Fisheries Research Office, devoted himself to fish research and made new achievements. 65438-0956 was recommended as a member of China delegation of China, Soviet Union, DPRK and Vietnam Pacific Fisheries Research Committee, and attended many meetings and read papers.
1957 Zhu was rated as a first-class professor. 165438+ 10, the State Council appointed him as the president of Shanghai Fisheries College. From 65438 to 0959, after the establishment of Donghai Fisheries Research Institute, he served as the director and director of ichthyology research office, and devoted himself to scientific research and teaching. In a short period of four years from 1960 to 1963, the monographs such as China Chondrichthys, South China Sea Fish, East China Sea Fish, Study on the Classification System of China Rock Fish and Description of New Genus and Species have been completed, and the species and faunal distribution of fish resources in the coastal areas of China have been basically found out, which is for the development and utilization of marine fish resources in China. Under his leadership, the fish specimen rooms in hospitals and research institutes have been continuously expanded and improved, becoming one of the important bases for fish research in China and admired by scholars at home and abroad.
During the Cultural Revolution, he was completely deprived of the right to engage in normal scientific research. However, despite all kinds of difficulties and interference, Zhu quietly continued his research at home. 1973 cooperated with Wang Wenbin to complete the compilation of China Animal Atlas Fish.
After the downfall of the Gang of Four, Zhu ran around regardless of his old age and illness, calling for the restoration of Shanghai Fisheries College. Finally, 1979, with the approval of the State Council, moved back to Shanghai to resume his studies and still served as the dean. 1983 retired from his real post because of his age and was honored as honorary president. Zhu deeply regrets the wasted time in the past ten years. His son in America wanted to take him to rest, but he said, "I can't go because my work is not finished." Regardless of his age, he continued to fight in the front line of scientific research. During the period of 1977- 1986, he has successively completed 25 monographs and papers such as Fish in the South China Sea Islands, Marine Economic Fish in Fujian, Study on Lateral Tubing System of Chondrichthys in China, Lorraine Urns and Lorraine Tubing System, and Fujian Fish.
1986 165438+ In October, 9 1 year-old Zhu was bedridden. Although he was ill, he still did not forget the research work of "Fish of China" and called his assistants to discuss how to finish it as soon as possible before his deathbed. At the beginning of February, a university professor sent him a paper on the study of Siniperca chuatsi, and asked him to review it. At this time, he was already very weak, but he still insisted that his assistant read him the full text and put forward suggestions for revision. This is the last paper he reviewed two weeks before his death. 1986 12 17 died in Shanghai. During his lifetime, he provided nearly 2000 private books and materials for public use, all of which were dedicated to the country. In recognition of his patriotic enthusiasm for donating books, the relevant units gave him a bonus of 50,000 yuan, but the family members knew Zhu Lao's long-cherished wish to support his later life, and donated all the money to Shanghai Fisheries University to establish a Zhu Scholarship Fund to commemorate him forever.
Zhu has served as a member of the Second China People's Political Consultative Conference; Deputies to the first to fifth people's congresses in Shanghai, and deputies to the second and fifth people's congresses; Member of the China delegation of the Western Pacific Fisheries Research Commission of China, the Soviet Union, North Korea and Viet Nam; Honorary Chairman of China Fish Society and China Ocean and Lake Society, Vice Chairman of China Fishery Society and Director of China Zoological Society; Editor-in-Chief of Agricultural Volume and Aquatic Products Sub-volume of China Encyclopedia, and editor-in-chief of China Aquatic Products Magazine.
Study on fish taxonomy
In the early 1930s, Zhu extensively sorted out the research materials on fish in China and China, and successively published Documentary of Fish in China and Illustrated Fish in China, which comprehensively reflected the general situation of fish resources and fish research in China for the first time. 193 1 year wrote and published the China Fish Index. This is the first comprehensive and systematic monograph on fish taxonomy in China in China and even in the world. This book introduces in detail the original reports, research documents and collection places of 65,438+0,533 species of China fishes collected according to the classification system, which lays the foundation for the fish taxonomy research in China. Because of its creativity and importance in the construction and development of ichthyology in China, the book was awarded the gold medal by the Natural History Society of Beiping in 1939. After more than half a century, this book is still an essential reference book for scholars at home and abroad to study the classification of fish in China.
Since 1930s, the research on fish taxonomy has been the focus of Zhu's work, and many breakthrough achievements have been made, which has made great contributions to fish taxonomy. He published 64 monographs and millions of words in his life. He discovered four new subfamilies of fishes; A new genus of 10; 48 new species. Among them, cat sharks 1 1 species, true sharks 4 species, ichthyidae 1 species, hornsharks 1 genus 5 species, rays 2 species, rays 1 species, rays. There are 2 species of cod, 2 species of anchovies, 4 species of grouper, 4 subfamilies, 2 genera, perch 1 species, goby fish 1 species, mudskipper 1 species, puffer fish1species, etc. It not only greatly enriched the contents of fish taxonomy, but also laid the foundation for the study of fish taxonomy in China.
The development of fish taxonomy, from the differentiation of external morphological characteristics to the differentiation of internal anatomical characteristics. Zhu applied his superb knowledge of comparative anatomy to the study of fish taxonomy, found a large number of new species, new genera and new subfamilies, proposed and established a new fish classification system, and made innovations in the evolution and phylogeny of fish.
On the contribution to the classification of CYPRINIDAE
Before 1930s, the classification of CYPRINIDAE, the most important fish in inland waters of China, had not been systematically sorted out, or it was only a preliminary sporadic work, and the species system was quite chaotic. From 65438 to 0932, when Zhu was studying in the United States, he began to study the classification of CYPRINIDAE by means of comparative anatomy. From 65438 to 0935, he published his doctoral thesis "Comparative Study on Scales, Pharyngeal Bones and Teeth of Cyprinidae in China", which attracted wide attention from academic circles at home and abroad. In this paper, he deeply studied the structure of scales, pharyngeal bones and teeth of CYPRINIDAE in China, discussed the value of these structures in systematic classification, and the relationship between morphological changes and fish evolution, thus put forward his views on the classification system of CYPRINIDAE in China, and found 7 new genera of CYPRINIDAE. It has contributed to the development of the research field of fish taxonomy and the new methods of fish taxonomy. The original opinion of this paper has been widely valued by academic circles at home and abroad. At that time, Japanese ichthyologists used "Yuan Dinggu" to refer to the pharyngeal bone of CYPRINIDAE. Today, this paper is still an important reference for the study of CYPRINIDAE at home and abroad.
Contribution to the classification of Quercus
Rock fish, named after a pair of big crystal white otoliths on its head, is an economic fish in the world, especially in China, with the largest output, such as large yellow croaker, small yellow croaker, small yellow croaker and so on. ? They all have important economic value. However, for a long time, the classification of grouper in China and the world is quite confusing, and there are some mistakes. The reason is that scholars at home and abroad only classify stone fish according to their appearance, so many problems have not been solved for a long time, especially the research on the evolution of stone fish is a blank that has not yet been involved. 65438-0963 Zhu, Luo Yunlin and Wu Hanlin, based on their long-term research results, wrote and published "Study on the Classification System of China Grouper and Description of New Genus and Species". This book summarizes the taxonomic data of China in recent 100 years based on the specimens of the Lithopods collected by the author in the coastal areas of China, and makes a detailed study of the Lithopods in the coastal areas of China. From the internal anatomy for the first time, through the comparative analysis of the morphology and types of swim bladder and otolith, the morphological changes of the branches and otoliths of Lithopods were discovered for the first time, and four new subfamilies were discovered on the basis of the external morphological characteristics used by predecessors. This book not only enriches and perfects the classification system of grouper in China, but also solves the disorder problem in previous classification, and its research method opens up a new way for fish classification research in China. Therefore, it has attracted the attention and attention of relevant ichthyologists at home and abroad. Brazilian scholars translated it into English and published it in the Netherlands on 1975. Since then, the monographs on ichthyology published abroad have cited a large number of research methods, academic viewpoints and specific kinds of related materials when it comes to the classification of grouper. The book has been published for 26 years, and it is still an important reference document for studying the world grouper. It is of great scientific significance to promote the development of fish taxonomy, and was included in the selection of scientific research papers in Shanghai 1960, and won the Fujian Science and Technology Achievement Award 1978.
Contribution of comparative anatomy of cartilaginous fishes in China.
In cooperation with Meng Qingwen, Zhu Yu 1979 wrote and published the monograph "Study on the Lateral Tubal System of Chondrichthyes in China and the Lorraine Urn and Lorraine Tubal System". The book is divided into three parts: general introduction, various theories and conclusion. In general, the research history, research methods, distinction and nomenclature of branch pipes and Lorenz pipes are introduced, as well as the changes and characteristics of various pipes, Lorenz pipes and pipe groups of branch pipes in different types. The whole structure of two systems of 73 species of cartilaginous fishes in China was summarized. Conclusion The changing nature of these two systems and the close relationship between fish morphology and ecology are discussed. According to their morphological and structural characteristics, the taxonomic positions of some families, genera and species have been adjusted and several taxonomic orders have been added. This paper describes the main morphological characteristics of cartilaginous fishes, and discusses the systematic evolution of cartilaginous fishes in China. On the basis of studying the structures of lateral tube, Lauren tube and Lauren cylinder of 73 species of cartilaginous fishes in China, Zhu et al. named the previously unnamed shoulder ring, abdominal tube, cranial ring and dorsal ring, which made the study of these two organs more perfect. In the past, apart from the external morphological characteristics, the internal anatomical characteristics of fish were mostly based on the skeletal system, while the skeletal system of cartilaginous fish was not as good as the lateral tube system and Lorenz tube system, and the characteristics of each classification order were obvious. Through the comparative study of internal anatomy, they analyzed and observed the changing characteristics of lateral canal system and Lauren canal system of each classification purpose, clearly saw their relationship, and obtained profound enlightenment through their genetic relationship and evolution trend. Referring to the data of ancient ichthyology, a new classification system of cartilaginous fishes in China was put forward, with the addition of Brachyptera, Euptera and Finptera. Saw and sole orders are newly added under the hole. The study of cartilaginous fish, an advanced organ, is a breakthrough in the evolution theory of fish, which has a wide impact on the morphology, taxonomy and evolution theory of fish. This research is the first in China and advanced internationally, so it won the third prize of National Natural Science Award 1987.
Brush China's fish records
Zhu Yisheng's greatest wish is to complete the fish chronicle of China. In his later years, he mainly concentrated on writing sub-regional fish records, which laid the main foundation for the final completion of the grand plan of China Fish Records.
Mr. Zhu, who is over 60 years old, aims to summarize the diverse and scattered data of cartilaginous fishes in China since the world famous taxonomist C. Linnaeus1758, and based on the analysis and research results of a large number of cartilaginous fishes collected from the coast of China for many times in recent ten years, published "Ichthyology of China" in 1960. This comprehensive monograph on cartilaginous fishes in China records 26 species (including 7 new species) of cartilaginous fishes/kloc-0, belonging to 28 families and 60 genera. The morphological characteristics, distribution, habits, collection places and synonyms of each fish are described in detail. This book is an indispensable reference book for ichthyologists at home and abroad to study the resources, fauna and distribution of cartilaginous fishes in China. 1964 cooperated with Wang Youhuai and published the article "Geographical Distribution and Fauna Characteristics of Chondrichthyes in China".
Since 1954, Zhu and ichthyologists from Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Institute of Oceanography, China Academy of Sciences have conducted a five-year fish fauna survey and collection in the South China Sea. After eight years of painstaking research, collation and compilation, they published the Fish Fauna in the South China Sea at 1962. In this diary, Zhu undertook the compilation of Banbranchia. Fish Fauna in South China Sea is a monograph on the investigation of modern marine fish fauna in China. 860 species of fish collected from Guangdong, Hainan Island and Xisha Islands were recorded, belonging to 26 orders 164 families and 434 genera, and their morphological characteristics, geographical distribution and economic value were recorded according to the classification system. The book reflects the characteristics of the fish fauna in the South China Sea, that is, most species belong to the tropics and subtropics, and there are many similarities with Indian and Australian waters in species composition. Another characteristic is that there are many kinds of main economic fish, long growth period and abundant fish resources. The study of marine fish fauna in China provides unprecedented abundant data, and also provides scientific basis for the development and utilization of marine fish resources in the fishing areas of South China Sea and China Islands.
1960, Zhu organized major domestic ichthyologists to investigate and study the fish fauna along the coast and islands of the East China Sea, compiled records according to the collected fish specimens, and personally reviewed and finalized them. The Fishes of the East China Sea, edited by Zhu, Cheng Qingtai, was published in 1963. This record records 442 species (including 7 new species) of fishes in the East China Sea, belonging to 29 orders 152 families and 300 genera. According to the classification system, the morphological characteristics and geographical distribution of these 442 species were recorded. Each taxonomic level has a general description and key table, and each species is accompanied by collection place, specimen measurement and synonyms. This paper expounds the characteristics of fish fauna in the East China Sea. Due to the influence of strong warm current, fish are mostly tropical and subtropical species, and there are also a few cold zone species due to coastal cold current. It provides basic data for the development and utilization of marine fish resources in the East China Sea fishery area.
From 1984 to 1985, 90-year-old Zhu edited and published the first and second volumes of Fujian Fish, which was a masterpiece of more than 2 million words edited in his later years. Fujian Province is located in the southeast coast and the west bank of Taiwan Strait, and is rich in fish resources. Scholars at home and abroad have studied the fish in this area for a hundred years, and some sporadic reports have been published, but there is a lack of complete and systematic fauna information, and some places are still blank. In order to speed up the development of fishery production in Fujian and provide complete and systematic basic data and scientific basis for rational development, utilization and protection of fish resources, Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Commission issued the scientific research task of 1975 "Investigation of fish resources in Fujian Province". 80-year-old Zhu personally visited Xiamen, presided over a collaborative meeting, and organized relevant experts in the province to conduct extensive investigations and studies. He completed the faunal investigation of rivers, lakes, reservoirs and coastal fishing grounds in Fujian in five years, collected more than 25,000 fish specimens, and spent more than three years sorting out and identifying indoor specimens, and presided over the compilation of the first and second volumes of Fujian Fish Fauna. The research scope of this journal includes ***8 15 species of marine and freshwater fish, accounting for 1/3 of the total number of fish found in China at present. Nine new species have been discovered successively, and 12 species are new records in China. In particular, the adoption of the latest fish classification system is a modification and supplement of the research results of fish classification system at home and abroad in recent years, which greatly improves its level, which is the first time in China. There are many kinds of fish in the northern and southern Taiwan Province Strait, and no systematic investigation has been conducted in the past. This record fills the blank of fish fauna distribution in this sea area (beach in Taiwan Province Province and shoal in Taiwan Province Province), and has high academic value.
It also has important practical value. It corrects the wrong species identified in the published records of the same kind, records the different names of all kinds of fish, and provides scientific basis for future generations to consult the literature and clarify the difficult problems in taxonomy. Every kind of fish, especially economic fish, generally needs to describe its morphological characteristics, geographical distribution, ecological habits, economic significance and fishery utilization, which is different from the previous published domestic and foreign similar achievements that only describe the classification form.
Fauna of Fujian is a very good scientific monograph combining academic and application, which represents the advanced level of zoology in China at present and reaches the level of international fish classification. As an exhibitor in the China Book Fair held by 1985 Fujian Science and Technology Publishing House in Hongkong, it attracted the attention and praise of domestic and foreign counterparts and won the second prize of the 4th National Excellent Science and Technology Book.
In the middle and late 1960s, Zhu successively cooperated with experts or assistants, and published many similar papers and works, such as Preliminary Study on Zoology of Tiger Fish in China, Geographical Distribution and Fauna Characteristics of Fish in Dufu, China, Geographical Distribution and Fauna Characteristics of Squid in China and Fish Fauna in South China Sea Islands. It reflects that in his later years, Zhu concentrated his main energy, redoubled his efforts and achieved fruitful scientific research results, so as to realize his grand plan of writing fish records in China. It laid a broad and solid foundation for compiling the huge and complicated "Project" of China Fish Records.
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