The new auditing standard (1) permeates the modern risk-oriented auditing concept, and takes risk assessment as the premise and foundation of the whole auditing work. In the income audit, whether the risk can be reasonably assessed will become the key factor to evaluate the professional ability. A full understanding of the audited entity and its environment is the starting point of audit work. By talking with management, management, financial personnel and other people who are familiar with the audited entity, we can learn as much as possible about the audited entity and its environment and judge whether accounting fraud will occur in the audited entity. Understand whether the external environment of the audited entity is bad and whether the audited entity is struggling for survival. Understand whether the operating performance indicators set by the management of the audited unit for the management are abnormally high, which makes the management face abnormal pressure. Understand whether the reputation of the audited entity in the industry is good.

(2) Evaluate the internal control related to income. Imperfect internal control is an opportunity that fraudsters seek. In the income audit, we should focus on whether the internal control related to income is perfect, whether it is effectively implemented, whether the management is above the internal control, whether incompatible duties are separated, whether there is a perfect approval procedure and always abide by it. In addition, in the era of information audit, when auditing paperless accounting information system, we should pay attention to the understanding and testing of internal control of enterprises, especially some control procedures in system operation, and need the cooperation of computer experts when necessary.

Second, make more use of substantive analysis procedures.

In revenue audit, we can use traditional analysis data, such as comparing the current data with historical data and industry data to calculate the gross profit margin of important products. More importantly, we can use non-traditional analytical data. First of all, operating income can be compared with accounts receivable and cash flow. Generally speaking, enterprises' inflated income will not generate actual cash flow, and there is likely to be inflated income behind the contradiction between operating income and cash flow data. Secondly, income can be compared with enterprise scale and production capacity. If the income is much higher than the enterprise scale and production capacity, it means that the income may be inflated. In addition, for mass consumer goods manufacturers, the income can be compared with the market share, and the income of enterprises will eventually be reflected in the market. If it is difficult to find traces of enterprise products in the mass consumer goods market, and the income of enterprises is large, it may increase income falsely.

Third, improve the substantive audit procedures.

(1) Strengthen the audit of accounts receivable. False income is usually accompanied by false accounts receivable, and the confirmation procedure of accounts receivable is an effective means to find false income. In order to improve the effectiveness of the inquiry procedure, we should be professional and cautious when using the inquiry address provided by the audited entity. You can check the customer's name and address provided by the audited entity with the records on the sales invoice, and you can also obtain the address, e-mail, fax number, telephone number, etc. Find the inspected unit through the Internet and yellow pages directory, and check with the relevant inquiry address provided by the inspected unit. After receiving the inquiry reply through electronic media or fax, you should also ask for a written reply, keep the reply envelope as audit evidence, and pay full attention to the source of the reply. When it is believed that there may be tacit understanding between the audited entity and its key customers, it should communicate with the accounting firm that audits the key customers in writing on relevant issues to confirm its authenticity.

(2) Strengthen the audit of monetary funds. False income can usually be found in the daily account of the bank statement. Therefore, paying attention to the audit of monetary funds is a shortcut to find false income. Cash sales revenue and recovery of accounts receivable from credit sales are two major sources of income for enterprises. For large cash sales revenue, the running records of bank statements should be tracked. Obtaining bank statements and bank confirmation letters is the standard evidence collection procedure for reviewing bank deposits. The confirmation of bank deposit balance should be based on the inquiry procedure. In order to ensure the validity of the inquiry, for important and abnormal bank accounts, we should seek the cooperation of the audited entity and go to the bank to inquire for proof in person.

(3) Strengthen the cut-off test of operating income and pay attention to the relevant records of future income. The basis of the cut-off inspection of operating income is the principle of income recognition of enterprises. The key to the cut-off test is to check whether the invoice date, collection date, accounting date, delivery date or labor service provision date are in the same accounting period. The cut-off test method to verify whether the audited entity overcharged the income is generally to check the accounting vouchers from the account book records in the days before and after the report date, and check the invoice stub and the shipping voucher to confirm whether the recorded income has been invoiced and shipped in the same period. There are generally two ways to verify whether the audited entity has underestimated the income: one is to extract the sales invoice stubs issued around the date of several statements and trace them back to the delivery documents and account books to find out whether there is any income omission; The second is to extract several freight documents before and after the date of reporting, trace them to invoice stubs and account records, and find out whether there are any omissions. In addition, the excess income of enterprises is often manifested in the later sales return. Therefore, we should pay attention to whether there is a large or sustained income after the balance sheet date to verify the authenticity of the sales income during the reporting period.

(4) Pay attention to the material circulation procedure. Tracing the perpetual inventory record of inventory and paying attention to the physical circulation of enterprises are also important means to find false sales income. The company's production and operation activities are a collection of complex activities, including procurement, production, warehousing and sales, which usually involve planning, procurement, production, warehousing and sales, while the circulation of inventory involves almost every department and link mentioned above. Fabricated sales revenue is generally not accompanied by real inventory circulation, so random inspection of inventory records such as inventory purchase and product warehousing can often effectively expose false sales revenue.

(5) It is proved by the evaluation results of other projects. The whole production and operation process of an enterprise is a complete chain, and any unconnected link will provide clues for our audit work, so we should pay attention to the increase or decrease of related matters caused by the increase or decrease of sales. If the increase or decrease in sales will lead to the increase or decrease in packaging materials and utilities; If an enterprise has set up its own transportation department to transport and sell goods free of charge, then the transportation cost should change in the same direction as the increase or decrease of enterprise income; In the highly competitive market situation, the increase of sales is often accompanied by the increase of marketing expenses, so the audit evidence obtained from "packaging", "manufacturing expenses-utilities" and "sales expenses" can further prove the rationality of income.