As a pillar industry of the national economy, the construction industry accounted for 7. 16% of GDP in 20 19 years, but the overall digitalization of buildings was low. According to "China in the Digital Age: Building a New Economy with Global Competitiveness" published by McKinsey Global Institute in February 20 17, the construction industry in China is one of the industries with the lowest degree of digitalization. According to the statistics of China Architectural Association, the proportion of China's building informatization investment in the total output value of the construction industry is only 0.08%, while that of developed countries in Europe and America is 1%.
Obviously, accelerating the digitalization process of the construction industry is of great significance for promoting the further development and growth of the digital economy. Below, based on the present, we will sort out the digital status quo of the construction industry and look forward to the digital future of the construction industry.
Emancipate your hands and arm your brain, the digital stage of construction industry.
Hands-free stage, that is, the designer throws away the drawing board and the budget cost personnel throws away the calculator. Since 1990s, the construction industry has carried out two major actions, namely, "throwing board project" and "computerization of cost calculation". Both of them use computer software to replace manual operation, reduce misoperation, improve the production efficiency of operation level posts, and lay the foundation for subsequent management digitalization through the digitalization of operation level. At present, there are few influential enterprises in the field of building digitalization, such as PKPM, Guanglianda, Swire and Tianzheng, which were born under this background.
Armed brain stage, that is, through the informationization of management, helps construction enterprises improve internal synergy efficiency. The informationization of management mainly began after the Millennium, and many management systems such as electronic bidding system, construction site management system, knowledge management system and decision support system were introduced one after another, which improved the problems of dense personnel, high dispersion, scattered information and low level of information utilization in construction enterprises to varying degrees and greatly improved the management level of construction enterprises. In 2000, New Zhong Da Software acquired Hangzhou Tianhe and entered the engineering management software market. Project management and enterprise management of construction enterprises have entered the era of internal cooperation.
BIM craze, building digitalization moves from internal collaboration to industry collaboration.
The application of BIM should not only realize the informatization of all departments of enterprises, but also get through the information of enterprises with different division of labor in the industrial chain, which is exactly the same as the concept of industrial Internet.
At present, the digital construction of some large construction enterprises has changed from internal process management to industry collaboration. Industrial synergy, on the one hand, benefits from the promotion of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. According to the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, by the end of 2020, Grade A survey and design units in the construction industry and super Grade A and Grade I housing construction enterprises should master and realize the integrated application of information technologies such as BIM and enterprise management system. And industrial synergy comes from the needs of enterprises' own development. China Construction Cloud Construction Network, China Railway Luban Network and Shanghai Construction Engineering Builders all open up upstream and downstream enterprises through supply chain digitalization. It has become the consensus of large construction enterprises to use the digitalization of supply chain to reduce costs and improve efficiency.
Digitalization of supply chain is a typical application scenario of industrial synergy in construction industry.
The digitalization of supply chain can help enterprises manage multiple off-site projects and improve management efficiency. The construction industry has the characteristics of scattered project construction site, high value chain dispersion and short project cycle, which leads to high supply chain cost. Usually, the construction period of a construction project ranges from several months to several years. During the construction period, it is necessary to establish suppliers of major materials such as steel, suppliers of various ground materials and subcontracting partners. When expanding projects in different places, the original supply system has low reusability and needs to be rebuilt. Taking Yunzhu.com as an example, China Construction and other procurement units of Yunzhu.com can enjoy 360,000 suppliers of the platform, which can reduce the procurement cycle and cost of construction enterprises, and at the same time, improve the service capabilities of suppliers and logistics parties and the efficiency of the whole industrial chain coordination through localized scale efficiency.
Digitization of supply chain can help enterprises reduce efficiency. According to the data published by China Building Association, the average net interest rate of Chinese construction enterprises is about 3.5%. In the cost of construction in progress, the procurement cost (including materials, labor services, machinery and equipment, etc. ) accounts for about 80% of the total cost and is an important part of the project cost. In recent years, large construction enterprises have implemented B2B centralized procurement platform to reduce procurement costs and improve procurement efficiency through digital means. According to incomplete estimates, after the implementation of supply chain digitalization, the average procurement cost will be reduced by about 1%~3%, and the profit rate will be increased by 5% for every reduction of procurement cost, which is of great significance to the construction industry with low net interest rate.
The digitalization of supply chain can solve the problems of financing difficulty and high financing cost for construction enterprises. In the financial field of traditional supply chain, warehouse receipt financing and mortgage financing are more common, with great difficulty, long financing cycle and high financing cost. The alliance chain of Maye Technology is used to link data such as construction procurement, contracts and bills. Realize value transfer. On the one hand, it solves the problem of suppliers' trust in the supply chain platform, on the other hand, it facilitates the sharing of supply chain data and financial institution data, and facilitates platform enterprises to implant supply chain financial services. Zhuji Mining's "chain-building wisdom" uses blockchain technology to store data, helping construction enterprises to realize multi-party data transmission from core enterprises to logistics providers and suppliers, and the financing amount through the platform exceeds 654.38 billion yuan.
The digitalization of supply chain plays an important role in social governance. Affected by public health incidents, the whole people started the "squatting at home" mode in the first quarter of this year, all kinds of materials were in short supply, and the supply chain of construction projects was also facing the risk of breakage. From the industry level, a comprehensive grasp of suppliers' geographical location, inventory and production capacity, upstream and downstream situation, and linkage with natural disasters and traffic dynamic data can help enterprises establish plans and ensure the smooth development of major national projects. At the beginning of the year, two hospitals, Raytheon Mountain and Vulcan Mountain, were quickly built during the epidemic. The "China Speed" once again attracted worldwide attention, and the digitalization of the supply chain behind it also contributed.
Digitalization of supply chain is the basis of industrial synergy in construction industry. Early construction enterprises put the bidding procurement system online, which solved the conversion from online to online, but the quantity and quality of suppliers still could not maximize the procurement efficiency and optimize the procurement cost. It is an inevitable trend that the bidding and procurement system based on a single enterprise will evolve into a centralized procurement platform for the industry. When multiple buyers (contractors) enter the platform, enterprises * * * enjoy suppliers, * * enjoy material information and * * enjoy logistics providers. With the scenes of bulk material procurement, sporadic MRO, supply chain finance and other enterprise services, a set of industrial chain collaborative platform is formed, and suppliers, logistics providers and financial service institutions are transformed by digital means to solve the problems of material circulation, capital turnover and information transmission in the operation of industrial chain enterprises. Zhong Jianyun's network construction, centralized purchasing invested by Nantong Sanjian and Lange centralized purchasing platform of steel e-commerce are all practitioners of industrial centralized purchasing platform in construction industry.
The digital construction of buildings should not blindly put satellites, but be pragmatic.
Digital construction design usually has three stages, namely, digitalization of posts and departments, collaborative digitalization within enterprises and collaborative digitalization of industries. In the digitization stage of posts and departments, the digitization of operation layer is basically solved, and the digitization of enterprise management is mainly solved in the internal cooperation of enterprises. In these two stages, digital applications are mainly internal applications of enterprises, and product selection is more flexible; The stage of industrial digital cooperation depends on the ecological construction of industrial chain and the interconnection of internal resources, which is relatively restrictive.
Let's talk about four ways of building digitalization.
First, cooperating with mature ISV (independent software developer) to buy mature products has the advantages of quick effect and relatively low cost, but the disadvantages are weak enterprise autonomy and low fit between products and enterprises, which is more suitable for small and medium-sized construction enterprises.
Secondly, cooperating with the development team to customize the software has the advantages of fast development cycle and moderate cost on the basis of semi-finished products, but the disadvantage is that enterprises usually do not have complete intellectual property rights, which is more suitable for large and medium-sized construction enterprises and enterprises with high requirements for digitalization and refinement.
Third, self-built team development has the advantage that digital construction is highly compatible with enterprise processes and management, and enterprises have complete intellectual property rights. The disadvantage is that the development cost is high, the development cycle is long, and mature IT management ability is needed, which is more suitable for large construction enterprises or their independent technology companies, and they can build their own digital ecosystem and export it to the outside world.
Fourth, strengthen alliances and build platforms. Similar to Nantong No.2 Construction Company, Nantong No.4 Construction Company and Longxin Construction Company, they formed an alliance to build a digital supply chain platform. This advantage is that resources can be enjoyed and ecology can be established quickly. The disadvantage is that it is difficult to design the pattern, and it needs a powerful core enterprise to take the lead.
In the implementation of digital construction, four methods are usually mixed. For example, highly standardized financial software and project management software can be purchased directly, while highly personalized material supply chain or labor supply chain can choose customized development or self-built team development, and the construction method will be determined after specific business evaluation.
Building digitalization should not blindly put satellites, but be pragmatic. A first-class construction enterprise, with an annual output value of 2 billion, uses QQ and WeChat for information transmission and data sharing except the software owned by the Finance Department. A first-class enterprise in the same region has set up its own software R&D team to develop enterprise management software, and has a deep understanding of digital processes and standardization. We have noticed that some leading construction enterprises have been promoting BIM and building smart sites, but most construction enterprises are still in the process of digital construction from 0 to 1. Digital construction should not be blindly compared with others, and satellites should be randomly determined. For the profit of operation and the efficiency of management, it should be carried out pragmatically, steadily and step by step.
This year, the central government put forward a major plan to promote the construction of new infrastructure and the development of digital economy. The digitalization of the construction industry should be closely integrated with the plan of the central government. The core of industrial internet in new infrastructure is the digitalization of supply chain, which is called the nervous system of industry, and its importance is self-evident. The digitalization of the construction industry needs to start from the digitalization of the supply chain. On the one hand, it promotes the supply-side reform of the construction industry, on the other hand, it helps enterprises to reduce costs and increase efficiency, on the other hand, it promotes industrial synergy, connects the whole industrial chain, and integrates into the tide of digital economy.