Chinese abstract and keywords: the word "abstract" is written in bold, centered, and two spaces are added between "abstract" and "important", and the content is in small four. The three words "keywords" are written in small four-character bold, usually 3-5.

The English title and Chinese title of the same paper should be consistent in content, but it does not mean that the words should correspond to each other. In many cases, individual non-material words can be omitted or changed. Foreign sci-tech journals generally have restrictions on the number of words in titles, and some stipulate that titles should not exceed 2 lines, and each line should not exceed 42 printed symbols and spaces; Some require that the title should not exceed 14 words.

Extended data:

Papers usually have abstracts, some for international communication, and foreign language (mostly English) abstracts. It is a brief statement of the content of the paper, without comments or comments. Others can get the necessary information without reading the full text of the paper.

The abstract shall include the following contents:

① The purpose and significance of this study.

(2) The main content of the study, indicating what work has been completed.

③ The basic conclusions and research results highlight the innovation of this paper.