2. debate. Argument is the basis for the author to expound or demonstrate his argument. Generally speaking, arguments are divided into two categories: one is factual arguments (including historical facts, typical cases, statistical data, etc. ), and the other is rational argumentation (Marxist-Leninist theory, famous sayings, recognized facts, proverbs, theorems and formulas, principles of natural science, etc.). The factual arguments in argumentative essays must be typical examples that can best reflect the essence of things, and the truth arguments that prove the arguments are all truths that can correctly reflect the objective reality. Fully understanding the meaning of these irrefutable facts and the truth expounded by these theories can help us fully understand the argument. When reading argumentative essays, analyzing arguments is the basis of accurately grasping different emphases of arguments, and it is also the best verification of whether the arguments are correct.
3. demonstrate. Argumentation is the process of proving an argument with arguments, and it is the logical connection between arguments, which directly affects the persuasiveness of arguments. In the process of using arguments to prove arguments, we should use appropriate argumentation methods, which are more powerful, vivid and vivid. Junior high school mainly studies factual argument, citation argument, comparative argument and figurative argument. Fact argument is a method of demonstrating opinions by citing certain facts as needed, and quoting conclusive and typical facts, so that opinions can be strongly supported. Citation argument is a method to demonstrate opinions according to recognized scientific truth, scientific judgment of Marxist-Leninist classic writers and famous sayings. This method embodies the strength of theory and the ideological depth of the article, which can make the discussion authoritative and convincing. Comparative argument is a method of comparing the positive and negative aspects of a thing to demonstrate a point of view. In this way, right and wrong can be contrasted clearly, right and wrong are more distinct, and people are more vivid and profound. Metaphor argument is a kind of argument method to prove the correctness of viewpoint by image metaphor. Because people take familiar things as metaphors, profound truths can be easily understood and accepted.
4. structure The most common structure of argumentative essays is the "total-sub-total" structure, that is, the basic structural model of "introduction-theory-conclusion" and argumentative essays with the structure of "total-sub" or "sub-total" are rare. There are also some special structures, such as "juxtaposition" structure and "conjunction" structure, which are divided into "narrative-discussion" according to the change of expression.
5. language The main characteristics of argumentative language are accuracy, strictness and vivid feelings. Attention should be paid to understanding the meaning of words in the context, referring to the content of words and modifying the function of restrictive words. The thoughts and feelings of argumentative writing can not be separated from the central argument, so we should pay attention to the feelings between the lines and the expressive functions of sentences such as irony, exclamation, slogan, rhetorical question and double negation. To understand the language of argumentative writing, it is more important to understand and analyze the relationship between sentences and paragraphs. Sentence is a language unit that expresses a complete meaning, so understanding sentences and clarifying the relationship between sentences is the basis of understanding paragraphs. There is also an inseparable relationship between famous paragraphs, which plays a role in explaining the central argument. Therefore, reading the key paragraphs in the text and clarifying the relationship between the key paragraphs and other paragraphs will promote the reading and understanding of the full text.
Explanatory writing is a style that explains and explains the appearance, essence, characteristics and causes of things, with the aim of giving people scientific knowledge and methods to understand things scientifically. There are usually things explanatory text and things explanatory text.
In order to make the object of the explanation clearer and easier to understand, and let the readers understand it better, we should leave things behind.
Impressed, when writing an explanatory article, we should first grasp the characteristics of the explanatory object, secondly arrange the order of explanation reasonably, correctly use the method of explanation, and make great efforts in the use of language, whether it is an ordinary explanation or a vivid explanation, and strive for accurate, concise and thorough language.
The so-called "feature" is a particularly remarkable sign that one thing is different from other things, that is, the difference between this thing and other things. Because everything has its own characteristics, its shape, nature, causes and functions are different. Even the same thing, its structural changes, functions, etc. There are great differences in various parts and stages, and each has its own characteristics. Therefore, only by writing out the characteristics of the object can readers understand it.
To grasp the characteristics of things, we must first make a detailed, comprehensive and profound observation of the object of explanation. Because observation is an important way to know objective things. The second is to compare things carefully, not only to grasp the similarities and differences of objects, but also to find their differences. There are two main types of explanatory objects: things and things. Different types of explanatory objects have different characteristics. For things, we can understand their characteristics from their shape, structure, evolution and function. As for the reason, we can understand its characteristics from its essential attributes, internal laws and principles. The third is to expand the horizon of life and reading scope, constantly enrich knowledge and accumulate writing materials, and be familiar with objective things as much as possible.
The order of expository writing includes chronological order, spatial order, logical order, etc. For example, the stone arch bridge in China describes Zhao Zhouqiao and Lugou Bridge in the logical order of geographical location, construction time and structural characteristics, while the Palace Museum describes the Forbidden City architecture in spatial order. Natural language describes the phenological landscape in chronological order, and the factors affecting phenology are described in the logical order from main to secondary and from big to small.
The purpose of expository writing is to give people scientific knowledge, which requires truthfully reflecting objective things. Therefore, in the use of language, we must pay attention to accuracy, conciseness, no ambiguity, thoroughness and no omission. Of course, on the basis of not affecting its scientific nature, some vivid languages can be used to make the subjects more vivid and interesting, thus arousing readers' interest in reading.
An expository text that mainly analyzes the causal relationship of things and introduces scientific principles is called an expository text. In other words, explanation mainly answers the question of "why". Like procedural expository writing, writing expository writing also needs to follow three principles; 1 Understand things. You can know the truth of the matter through personal observation, research or consulting others and consulting materials. Only when you understand the truth first can you introduce it to others; ② Arrange the writing order. Explanatory text first follows the logical order (causality, progression, etc.), that is, the internal relationship of things and the law of understanding things. Logical order should not only be used in paragraph relations, but also be written in this order between sentences; (3) Choose an appropriate method of use. Commonly used include definition, example, column number, reference, comparison, classification and so on. An expository text that mainly analyzes the causal relationship of things and introduces scientific principles is called an expository text. Understand the accuracy and rigor of the language expounded by reason.
Hope to adopt, O(∩_∩)O Thank you.