College life is coming to an end, and graduation thesis is a must for college students. Graduation thesis is a formal form to test students' academic performance, so how to write graduation thesis? The following are several forms of graduation thesis that I collected for you, for reference only. Let's have a look.
Several forms of graduation thesis
Graduation thesis is a form of academic thesis. In order to further explore and master the writing rules and characteristics of graduation thesis, it is necessary to classify graduation thesis. Due to the different content and nature of graduation thesis, different research fields, objects, methods and expressions, graduation thesis has different classification methods.
Graduation thesis can be divided into theoretical thesis, experimental thesis, descriptive thesis and design thesis according to content nature and research methods. The last three kinds of papers are mainly the forms that science and engineering students can choose, so I won't introduce them here. Liberal arts students usually write theoretical papers. There are two kinds of theoretical papers: one is purely abstract theory, the research method is rigorous theoretical deduction and mathematical operation, and some also involve experiments and observations to verify the correctness of the argument. The other is based on the investigation of objective things and phenomena, the observation data obtained in the investigation and related literature. The research method is to analyze, synthesize, summarize and abstract the relevant data, and put forward some new theories and viewpoints through induction, deduction and analogy.
Graduation thesis can be divided into standing thesis and refuting thesis according to the nature of discussion. Argumentative thesis refers to expounding and demonstrating one's own views and opinions from the front. Argumentative papers are argumentative papers. Writing a thesis requires clear arguments, sufficient arguments, rigorous argumentation, convincing people with reason and convincing people with facts. Argumentative thesis refers to establishing one's own arguments and propositions by refuting others' arguments. If the graduation thesis mainly refutes some wrong viewpoints, opinions and theories, it belongs to refuting graduation thesis. In addition to arguments, arguments and arguments, refuting papers also requires tit-for-tat and reasoning.
Graduation thesis can be divided into macro thesis and micro thesis according to the size of the research problem. A paper that is overall and universal and has certain guiding significance for local work is called a macro paper. It has a wide range of research and influence. On the contrary, the papers that study locality and specific problems are microscopic papers. It is of guiding significance to specific work and has a narrow influence.
There is also a comprehensive classification, that is, graduation thesis is divided into four categories: thematic, argumentative, comprehensive and comprehensive:
1. monograph. Based on the analysis of previous research results, this paper expresses opinions in the form of direct discussion and puts forward academic problems of a certain subject from the front. For example, Chapter 12 of this book, The Method and Artistic Analysis of Leadership Highlighting Work Focus, discusses the significance, methods and principles of highlighting work focus, which shows the author's affirmation and understanding of highlighting work focus.
2. Argumentative essay. This is a paper aimed at others' views on an academic problem of a certain subject, with sufficient arguments, focusing on exposing its shortcomings or mistakes, and expressing opinions through debate. For example, has the household contract responsibility system changed the nature of rural collective ownership? In view of the viewpoint that the household contract responsibility system has changed the nature of rural collective ownership, this paper makes reasonable refutation and analysis, and expounds the viewpoint that the household contract responsibility system has not changed rural collective ownership in the form of demonstration. In addition, a paper that refutes several different opinions or popular misconceptions in society with positive reasons is also an argumentative paper.
3. Summarize the paper. This is a kind of paper that introduces or comments on an academic problem of a certain subject on the basis of summarizing the research results of predecessors or present people to express their opinions.
4. Comprehensive papers. This is a paper written by organically combining summary and demonstration. For example, the article "On Several Issues in the History of Ethnic Relations in China" not only introduces the present situation of the research on the history of ethnic relations, but also puts forward several problems worth studying. Therefore, it is a comprehensive paper.
How to write a graduation thesis
First, do a good job in investigation and research.
Make a plan around the theme. You need to find out the point you want to make in your paper, and then conduct research and investigation around this point. You should write a plan first, which should include the progress steps of the whole research and the tasks to be completed (for example, find the 10 document before September 20th, and complete the preliminary research before June 15).
Deal with only one argument at a time. Don't try to find your topic right away. Have a general understanding of the whole topic and make an outline of what you need to know. After that, deal with one argument at a time After completing the first draft, you can easily find the connection between the arguments. Organize the reference books and resources used. This was added by milian himself. Bibliography and resources you refer to should be classified and stored. First, it is convenient for you to refer to it again. The second is that when writing reference materials at the end of the paper, it is no longer necessary to look for these resources repeatedly.
Besides searching for information on the Internet, you should not ignore the available human resources around you. Your colleagues and school librarians may give you some unexpected information. So don't waste it!
Second, start writing ahead of time.
Start early. Many people always wait until the deadline to worry, but they often disagree. At present, the deadline for journals is six months to one year in advance. So if you want to write a paper, you should make a plan in advance, such as two weeks of research, two weeks of writing, two weeks of drafting, and the remaining days for review and proofreading. When writing, you can set the number of words to be completed every day (500 words is feasible, usually less than an hour-a blog essay is about the same number), and set the ending part-the place where you stop writing that day should be the place where you can easily regain your thoughts when you start writing the next day to avoid the interruption of clues.
Outline of the article. The outline of the article can be said to be your mind map, a series of key points that your article will involve, the purpose of your discussion, and the general appearance of your finished work-even if your mind is clear, the first paragraph of the article can also be used as an outline to reveal the central content and see the writing context. No matter what form it takes, an effective outline can help you a lot. When writing, it can be used as a ruler to check the progress, as a reminder to help you determine whether the article has covered the main points you want to express when making an outline, and also to remind you when your thoughts are confused. A good outline makes your writing more flexible, and you don't have to stick to writing from beginning to end. If your idea is there and you have done enough research, you can write down the main points you have prepared first, which is much better than always thinking about page 7 and you haven't decided what to write, so I can't write down the questions on page 6 first. Finally, having a plan at hand can help you achieve your writing purpose, instead of "writing where you want to go so that you don't know what to say", which is exactly what many authors are doing.
Start in the middle. The biggest problem faced by different writers in writing is that they can't figure out how to start. Instead of staring at an empty screen and looking at the retinal detachment and racking their brains to come up with a beginning full of awe, passion and far-reaching significance, it is better to skip the introduction at the beginning and go straight to the second paragraph. When you finish the latter part, you can always come back and write a paragraph and put it in the first paragraph-but you may find that there is no need to be so cautious. You will find that the first paragraph is often the weakest part of the article. Compared with other meaningful functions, it is more used as a warm-up for entering the theme.
Don't copy. Because the plagiarism rate is basically detected in regular magazines now, it is impossible to copy other people's articles in regular magazines, so I suggest you write them yourself. Or ask us how to write it, and our editor will tell you.
After writing the article, review your article at least once, focusing on checking whether every sentence in the article has achieved your preset purpose, what you expect readers to read from the article, what kind of feelings you have, whether each sentence can help you realize it and whether it can be fully understood by readers. Every sentence should lead the reader's thinking to your conclusion.
Proofreading proofreading. Proofreading is a job completely separated from re-examination, and it is the last thing you do before you make it clear that the article is "over". At this time, you should pay attention to grammar-make sure that every sentence has a subject and a verb, and they are collocated correctly. Correct all spelling mistakes, especially those that cannot be detected by word processing software. Make full use of the word processor, but this is only the beginning of the proofreading process, not the last step. A good technique is to proofread from back to front-look at the last word first, then the penultimate, then the penultimate, and so on. This can force your brain to pay attention to every word that is out of the order of the original article, which means that you can see what you really wrote without being disturbed by what you imagined to write in memory.
Make a summary. Don't confuse "summary" with "abstract". The last paragraph or two of the article should be the most exciting part of your argument. Don't repeat the same thing, just the main points in the article. You can explain your research findings, put forward your understanding of the data in the article, describe the prospect of future research, or point out the significance and importance of the facts in your article. The conclusion should be the strongest sound of the paper, not a weak summary and restatement.
Common problems in graduation thesis writing
1, preface. The preface is full of rhetoric and lengthy remarks, and many contents have little to do with the main research content of the paper, which is the most common problem. Many commentators are not familiar with the research field they are commenting on, so they hope to see the research status quo in this field in the preface, so as to find the innovation of this paper. Irrelevant preambles often offend commentators. For example, I read a master's thesis on antioxidant activity of litchi polysaccharide. The first three pages of the preface are all about the efficacy, nutritional value and economic value of litchi, but the current situation of antioxidant research has been ignored. Obviously, it is easy for critics to think that this is just a few words.
2. Discussion section. Discussion is the key part to show the level of the paper. Maybe your paper was written by others, but by comparing other people's research results, you can highlight some innovations in your research content. Therefore, the content of discussion is usually: analyze the existing problems and possible reasons in the results of your own paper, compare with others' results, and provide ideas for subsequent researchers. When many papers are discussed, they always feel that there is nothing to say. Simply saying some possible reasons can easily give reviewers the impression that the author is unfamiliar with this research, lacks literature and is unable to pursue the problem.
3. English and digital fonts. Every school has different regulations on graduation thesis, but I think the ultimate goal is to make the thesis rigorous and beautiful. It is often seen that some English or Arabic numerals in some papers are in Song style and some in Silla style, which are inconsistent and affect the beauty of the papers. It is necessary to pay attention to the content of this piece.
4. Symbol recognition. In some papers, we often see the influence of "3 minutes, 5 minutes, 8 minutes, 10 minutes" on ... Besides, there are often some places marked incorrectly with superscript, subscript and italics. R/min and rpm are used in some places. Microns are written as um, etc. Foreign commentators are very concerned about these issues.
5. Chart section. Common problems are: some pictures are big and some pictures are small, and the fonts in the pictures are also different sizes. Generally, graphics are required to be the same size as possible (of course, not necessarily, depending on the situation), and the characters and symbols in graphics are generally one size smaller than the text, so that the whole paper will be more beautiful. In addition, the coordinate titles of many drawings are expressed in Chinese and English, which is not uniform, which affects the quality of the paper.
6. References. The reference part is the most problematic place. Because there are many references, it is troublesome to arrange the format. But the general principle is to be unified. For example, there must be signs such as [J][M], and some places should not be marked, and some places should not be marked; English references have the same name (such as J.R.Matul), the same surname (such as Matul, J.R.), the same abbreviation or no abbreviation.
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