In order to effectively control the drilling cost, Drilling Company No.2 applied the drilling engineering quota model to refine the drilling engineering cost management, introduced the ideas and methods of drilling engineering cost management from quota model, cash assessment and cost management principles, guided all employees to establish the concept of cost control, and provided a strong institutional guarantee for the company to tap the potential, increase efficiency and refine management.
Keywords quota mode; Cost management; Drilling engineering; drilling crew
In order to effectively control the drilling cost, Drilling Company No.2 applied the drilling engineering quota model, refined the drilling engineering cost management, and implemented the "drilling engineering quota model". Three sections and one hook? Business policies, implementation of single-well budget, single-well settlement, single-well assessment of hard cash, forming a code of conduct for production and business activities and auditing, inspection, efficiency supervision and financial supervision? Four in one? Big supervision pattern, instilling refined management concept into employees in various ways, and guiding employees to establish cost control consciousness from every well, every class, everyone, everything and every detail. Through the rigid implementation of quota assessment, all staff participate in cost target management, further improve the level of cost management, guide all staff to establish the concept of cost control, fully mobilize the enthusiasm and initiative of all staff to control costs, and provide a strong institutional guarantee for the company to tap potential, increase efficiency and fine management.
1 drilling engineering quota model
The cost items in the drilling engineering quota model mainly consider some costs that the drilling team can control, which are divided into two parts: variable cost and fixed cost. Among them, the variable cost mainly consists of eight items: drill bit, mud, diesel oil, lubricating oil, common materials, transportation cost, sporadic repair cost and single-point and multi-point cost. The fixed expenses mainly include 18 items, such as amortization of camping house, amortization of equipment foundation, environmental protection, pre-drilling expenses, heat preservation expenses, wages and surcharges, company management fees, other expenses, equipment depreciation, equipment overhaul expenses, drilling tools expenses, well control installation, well control use and repair, wellhead tools expenses, cement expenses, additives expenses, casing accessories expenses and cementing operation expenses.
1. 1 limit period
General idea: According to the design of drilling engineering, the construction period of vertical well without technical casing is determined first, and then it is adjusted according to the corresponding well type, technical casing depth and special construction conditions.
(1) Calculate the drilling cycle Td of vertical wells without technical casing.
Td=( 10%？ ( 1.5n-0.5)+ 1)？ Tb(n？ 1);
Td=( 12%？ ( 1.5n+0.5)+ 1)？ Tb(n？ - 1);
T d =( 1 0 %？ n + 1)？ T b(- 1, where:
TD—— Fixed drilling cycle of vertical well without technical casing (days);
TB- period of standard well depth in the block (days) n= (design well depth-standard well depth) /200m.
(2) Calculate the well construction period t of the whole well.
T=Td+Tg+S/K/24+Tq
These include:
? —— Well deviation and displacement coefficient of directional wells;
? -Multi-objective coefficient;
TG—— Increase cycle of technical casing (days)
S—— coring footage (m);
K—— coring drilling time (m/h);
TQ- relocation and installation cycle (days);
T d—— drilling cycle of vertical well without technical casing (days).
1.2 bit and mud quota
According to the actual drilling data of wells in various blocks completed in recent years, the unit cost of bit and mud quota is determined through statistical analysis. Due to the difference of wellbore structure, well type, mud system and construction conditions, the wells in the same block are also different. It can be adjusted by the ratio of the design well depth coefficient to the standard block well depth coefficient.
Considering the above factors comprehensively, the calculation formula of bit and mud quota is as follows:
C = P？ l？ F/F0+H
These include:
C-bit (mud) quota;
P- unit bit (mud) quota cost;
L- design well depth;
? —— Well type coefficient of drill bit (mud);
F—— depth coefficient of design well depth;
F0—— the depth coefficient of standard well depth in this block;
H- coring bit (mud) quota.
For example, in Wendong block, the standard well depth is 3500m, the standard period is 50d 2800, and the technical period is 8d.
Depth coefficient: 0.04066 Bit cost: 100.56 (yuan/m) Drilling fluid cost: 20 1.4 (yuan/m).
1.3 oil quota
The actual oil consumption of various types of drilling rigs is statistically analyzed, and the oil consumption quota is determined by comprehensively considering the heavy construction load of large wells and the operating temperature of diesel engines in winter construction. For example, the diesel quota of 4000m drilling rig is 8 1t/ month, and the additional diesel quota for winter construction is 10t/ month.
2 cash assessment
(1) cost. The whole well quota is divided into two parts: variable cost and fixed cost, in which the variable cost is rewarded and punished according to 50% of the excess over the actual assessment cost, and the fixed cost is rewarded and punished according to 30% of the excess over the actual assessment cost.
(2) circulation. If the saving rate of the actual well construction period of a single well exceeds 10% compared with the fixed well construction period, 7000 yuan will be awarded for each saving 1 day to encourage the drilling team to improve the drilling speed and the enthusiasm of production organization.
(3) diesel oil. Compared with the single assessment index of diesel, the actual consumption of diesel is deducted by 2000 yuan for each exceeding 1 ton. When dealing with underground accidents and complicated periods, the diesel index shall be calculated according to 70% of the standard quota.
(4) Safety. There is no personal injury, equipment or underground accident in a single well, and it will be cashed at 20,000 yuan/month.
(5) Small indicators of labor competition. Implement a one-vote veto system. Personal, downhole and equipment accidents, major problems in wellbore and cementing quality, or cost overruns during construction will disqualify the drilling crew. Implementation of the relocation and installation speed index award, the time from relocation to drilling, 50 rigs.
(6) Risk fee for drilling engineering. The drilling engineering risk fee is set up to make up for the related drilling cost overruns caused by downhole complex conditions and accidents that are not the responsibility of the drilling crew. The related expenses of risk fee adjustment are limited to leveling, and the risk fee of drilling engineering is accrued at 3% of the total well quota fee, which is reviewed once every six months.
3 cost control principle
(1) Target principle. How much performance pay is the most concerned issue for employees, and the cost of drilling team is controlled by the hard cash of quota assessment. Encourage managers, engineers and technicians and workers to form a sense of cost control spontaneously.
(2) The principle of single analysis. The actual cost is often different from the quota. If the difference is not big, it is not necessary to find the reasons one by one, focus on the abnormal situation, find out the reasons, analyze them one by one, and feed back the information in time to provide a basis for quota revision.
(3) the principle of integration. The cost, schedule and technology of drilling engineering are inseparable. Therefore, project cost management must not exist independently from technical management and schedule management, but should be comprehensively balanced among cost, technology and schedule, that is to say, it is necessary to systematically manage the three, not just the cost.
4 several points of understanding
(1) The drilling engineering quota model is the first step to effectively control the drilling engineering cost. It is important to refine its content and ensure its rationality, adaptability and effectiveness.
(2) The drilling crew quota is the basis for assessing the performance and salary of a single well. In the actual evaluation work, this technology relies heavily on manual means, with obvious chisel marks in form and heavy workload. The assessment methods need to be further improved to meet the interests of the company, drilling crew and individuals to the maximum extent, and to mobilize the enthusiasm of employees for initiative, hard work and scientific and technological innovation to the maximum extent.
Application of the Principle of Engineering Quota Mode 2: Analysis of the Quota and Budget of Installation Project [Abstract] An accurate installation project cost can reflect the accurate project budget, and can solve the problems that often appear and may appear in the installation project. This paper discusses the most common problems in the quota and budget of installation engineering.
[Keywords:] installation engineering, fixed budget, civil engineering
China Library Classification Number: D 922 438+0 Document Identification Number: A
I. Introduction
Whether a reasonable and effective project quota budget can be worked out will directly affect the economic benefits of the whole installation project. In order to compile the budget materials that can correctly reflect the project cost, we should pay attention to the common problems in the installation process, take protective measures and actively audit. In the calculation of engineering quantity, the rules and quotas of work calculation should be reviewed, and the consistency of engineering quantity calculation units and related quota units should be clearly reviewed and explained in the review stage. In practical work, we should pay attention to accumulate experience, maintain a rigorous and serious work style, and do a good job in auditing and rechecking, so as to avoid some omissions and formulate an accurate economic material that can accurately reflect the price of installation projects.
Second, the common problems in the installation project budget
There are many problems that lead to errors in the calculation of installation quantities, which widely exist in figures, drawings and a series of other aspects. The following are the main problems that lead to the engineering quantity error:
The first is the digital error in compiling the installation project. When preparing the budget of the whole installation and construction design drawing, we should first be familiar with the installation design drawing, and then further calculate the workload. In the process of reviewing the construction drawing, we should pay attention to the proportion marked on the drawing and check it carefully. All dimensions shall be subject to the actual dimensions, so as to avoid errors in the calculation of quantities caused by incorrect proportions. When calculating the quantities of wiring works and pipelines, attention should be paid to distinguishing the horizontal part from the vertical part, and the two parts should be calculated separately. Vertical section shall be measured according to elevation and height, and horizontal section shall be measured according to manual scale. The proportional length method is generally not measured in proportion when calculating the engineering quantity in civil engineering, but for the measurement method of installation engineering quantity, the construction drawing quantity is almost the same as the actual quantity, so the fixed base price will not include the main material, and the total price can be ignored. In order to make the calculation of engineering quantity more reasonable when using this method, it is necessary to make timely adjustment according to the specific numerical value of engineering quantity and actual demand.
Secondly, there is an error in the calculation unit. In addition to the numerical error, the unit of measurement of the calculated engineering quantity will also be biased, because the fixed unit of the installation project is different from the unit of measurement used in daily life, and in many cases the difference between them is 108,000 miles. This kind of error may occur in the process of calculation or in the process of table entry. No matter what kind of mistakes occur, they are all caused by the negligence of the compilers, so we should be careful in the whole budget preparation process to prevent such mistakes.
Finally, it is a very difficult problem in the process of quota formulation. After the calculation of engineering quantity is completed, it is necessary to make a quota, which is the most important and the key to make an accurate budget for the whole installation and construction. In the actual operation of setting quota, we should pay attention to the following problems: First, the conversion of quota. In the process of applying for quota, we should not only check the quota, but also carefully review the specifications on the list to understand whether the stator project needs to be converted. If there is no need to convert, you can just ignore it. Secondly, it is necessary to do a good job in calculating the number of sets of quotas and the increase in costs, because there are many specialties and knowledge of installation engineering design, and there are more than a dozen unified installation engineering quotas in the country, which requires the division of specialties and the relationship between the quotas. Finally, when calculating the project budget, the compiling unit usually executes several sub-projects in the installation process at the same time, and the costs calculated according to the coefficients in the fascicle are different, and there are differences between the coefficients and the mother and son, which leads to inaccurate budget. In addition, in the process of charging, it should be noted that other expenses in the installation project budget are based on direct manual charging and should be calculated at corresponding rates. Budget personnel should pay close attention to the project situation in time, reasonably divide the project scale and category according to relevant standards, and calculate the correct and reasonable expenses, so as to further determine the overall budget price of the installation project.
Three, the main points of the installation project budget
In order to avoid the above mistakes, budget preparers should be familiar with the design drawings repeatedly and thoroughly understand the design intent before preparing the budget. In general, reading comprehension should start with design instructions and floor plans. First of all, the nature, standard and location of the project should be defined, and then the plan, section, system and detailed drawings should be comprehensively sorted out to understand the relationship between various drawings, so as to achieve the purpose of fully understanding the design intent.
The calculation of engineering quantity should be standardized and orderly. In order to avoid repeated calculation or omission in the engineering budget and improve the calculation speed, it is necessary to find a reasonable calculation order. Keep in mind the order between various quantities and the order between construction drawings. For example, in the manufacturer of galvanized iron pipe and sleeve, this installation will be included in the pipeline installation quota, and the engineering quantity will not be calculated separately. In order to be familiar with and accurately use various quotas, quota budget is closely related to the calculation of engineering quantity. Budget personnel must be familiar with the quota, firmly grasp the role and scope of use of the quota, and make clear the general description of the quota, the engineering description of other divisions, the provisions of engineering quantity calculation, the provisions of sub-projects and matters needing attention. , in order to prevent the omission and double counting in the process of budgeting. For example, valve grinding and sealing oiling included in gas pipeline installation and quota are not calculated separately. In addition, national and local governments at all levels have also promulgated relevant documents and made a series of regulations on the budget, which is the principle that budget items must abide by. The quota conversion is not timely, the coefficient is not thought well, and the quotation estimation table that needs to be supplemented is not supplemented, which will affect the accuracy of the whole engineering quantity calculation. Pay special attention to the quantities that have been calculated in the quota to avoid double calculation. For example, the installation quota in the washbasin has included the values of faucets and elbows. If we calculate the price quantity of traps and faucets again, there will be double calculation. Regardless of whether the water meter is installed with threads or welded flanges, the water meter quota only includes 1 threaded gate valves, 3 flange gate valves and 1 flange backflow gate valves, and these work attachments should not be calculated. Secondly, it is necessary to understand the relationship between the content of the quota and the daily loss rate of materials, and sort out the internal relationship between the increase of installation cost, the increase of scaffolding demolition cost and environmental pollution cost, the increase of height cost and the charging standard of heating engineering, that is, the relationship between subtitle coefficient and comprehensive coefficient. The subtitle coefficient according to the quota is the calculation basis of comprehensive calculation, and superposition calculation or reverse calculation is prohibited in the calculation process. The direct calculation part of the above two types of coefficients directly constitutes the direct fee. Finally, it is the enterprise quotation process of installation project quota. Each enterprise makes its own quotation according to its own management level and determines the price from the market, which has played a positive role in saving social talents and material resources, reducing the overall investment of the project and improving the construction management level of modern enterprises. The promulgation of "Code for Valuation of Installation Engineering in People's Republic of China (PRC)" and related regulations has provided a new research topic and work direction for the budget quota staff of installation engineering in China. As installation enterprises and units that implement fixed budget, they should re-examine the market, adjust the original inherent thinking and change the old concepts of installation management budget and quota, which makes the bidding work of installation engineering quantity in China develop rapidly, and at the same time, more installation engineering quota and budget staff have a better understanding of emerging problems and related laws and regulations.
Four. Concluding remarks
The bill of quantities is mainly compiled by the employer, and it is also a very basic work. The quality of this work will directly affect the investment quality of the whole installation project. In the management process of installation construction, the payment of funds and the final settlement of installation project are within the budget range of installation project. For the bidders who carry out the installation project, due to the shortage of enterprise capital quota, the quotation mechanism has not been perfected, and the market fluctuates greatly, which has brought great influence to the capital budget and quota of the whole installation project. The bill of quantities of installation project is a continuous improvement work process. Only by facing up to the problems existing in the work can we continuously improve the quality of work and make the budget work step up to a new level.
refer to
[1] Yilin Yin. Measurement and valuation of construction engineering [M]. Tianjin: Tianjin University Press, 2003,5.
[2] Wu Xianguo. Construction project budget [M]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 2007.
[3] Wang Hongying and Liu Jie. Budget maker [M]. Beijing: Machinery Industry Press, 2007.
Jia. Construction engineering technology and measurement [M]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 2006.
[5] Gao Ping. Theory and practice of construction project cost management [M]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 20 10.
Su Dagen. Woodworking materials [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2008.
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