Bel canto and its style are still in use today because it constantly innovates and perfects its own singing and breathing system during its evolution. The breathing method of singing is breath, and breath is the soul of bel canto. Based on physiology, the physiological mechanism of breathing method is clarified, and the core skill of Bel Canto singing-singing breathing method is mastered and analyzed.

Respiration; meaning

First, the importance of breathing in singing

Bel canto can also be translated into "beautiful songs" and "beautiful song times". It is not only a singing style, but also marks an era, a musical style and a vocal music teaching method in the history of European opera. As the famous singer Paciello (1740-1821) said, "Only those who know how to breathe and pronounce can know how to sing." Bel canto and its style have been used to this day and are regarded as a model by the world because it constantly innovates and perfects its own singing and breathing system in its evolution.

Different countries have different views on the correct breathing method, but the principle is the same. Elizabeth Schumann said, "I don't object to other people's methods, but I like mine." Rely on your own experience and then slowly and carefully explore to get the winner. Sir Mackenzie, a British laryngologist, wrote in Vocal Hygiene: "The traditional Italian teacher pointed out that the front abdomen should be slightly contracted when teaching others to inhale." This method has been implemented for more than 50 years. Authoritative experts from all countries have unanimously expounded the importance of breathing, and the principle is the same.

Second, what is the breath in singing?

Singing is the sound that makes use of the breath in the human body to slowly vibrate the vocal cords at the required pitch. So when talking about vocal music, we must pay attention to how to breathe.

People's breathing process is like this: when inhaling, the lungs are filled with air, forcing the ribs to expand outward. At the same time, the internal organs below the diaphragm are forced to move down. The more air is inhaled, the greater the volume of the lungs and the ribs expand outward to a certain extent. On the contrary, internal organs are soft tissues with great flexibility. So the visceral pressure in the abdominal cavity is increasing. At the same time, the pressure of the diaphragm is also increasing. Not only under the downward pressure of lung expansion, but also under the upward rebound force of abdominal viscera. The diaphragm is the only active viscera in the chest and abdomen, which means that only the diaphragm can control the rebound force of the viscera in the abdomen and let the breath of the lungs exhale slowly, so as to achieve the long-lasting effect required for singing.

Third, the use of breathing in singing

Mr. Wu, a vocal artist studying in Italy, said: "There is an Italian saying:' Breathe well, open your throat and sing'. This is the Italian singing method." In other words, the first focus of Bel Canto is "mastering your breath"

(A) the use of theory, imagination teaching methods to strengthen the correct feeling of singing breath.

Breathing method: Breathe, support and flow first: Before making a sound, quickly inhale the gas into the lower abdomen (abdomen below navel), and then exhale. Pay attention to the control of breath, let the diaphragm naturally tighten (don't relax first, wait until the breath is exhaled), and exhale slowly, just like there is soil on your desk, you have to blow it away, but there is a bowl of water to drink next to you, and you are afraid of blowing the soil into the bowl. This is the air flow state of singing. It's just that the airflow is not spit out directly from the mouth, but rotated against the upper mouth cover (soft palate).

(2) In singing, the teaching method of combining ideas with imagination is adopted to train students to control singing with breath.

When training, do the silent inhalation exercise first, and then add the "blowing" exhalation exercise, which is not easy to go out of shape and easy to understand the correct position. The vocal music teacher made a demonstration before, allowing students to feel, imitate and experience from the external state. It is necessary to judge whether the learners' throat and neck muscles are relaxed from the color of the sound. If they hear difficulty in pronunciation, bad timbre, throat composition and high pitch, they can judge that it is strain of the throat, neck and upper chest and back. At this time, they can immediately guide students to relax their throat and neck, upper chest and back. The deeper you breathe, the more you should remind students to put the sound in a higher position and make it far away to relax their throats. This can avoid a deep voice or a throat.

Singing is the most beautiful music. When singing, the pitch and volume are different, the tension of vocal cords is different, and the breathing speed and flow required to suck vocal cords are also different. This experiment shows that people's vocal cords will not make their own sounds if they have no breathing function. Similarly, a person is born with a golden voice. If he doesn't have correct singing skills and breathing skills, he can't sing a good voice. In other words, why are we so excited to hear the master sing in the concert hall? Why is it so enjoyable? It is because the masters have a comprehensive singing quality, and more importantly, they have fully mastered the breathing skills of singing, so that their moving songs filled the whole hall and sang into everyone's heart.

refer to

[1] Song Huanghe/Song Editorial Department Huanghe-bimonthly ISSN1004-6127-2005-2, No.221,P 15- 16.

[2] Whelan. Breathing method-breathing training in vocal music teaching

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