From 20 19 to 10, scientists from Zhejiang University, Institute of Botany of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Huada Gene Research Institute worked together for five years. After completing the first draft of ginkgo genome, they re-sequenced the genomes of 545 ginkgo trees around the world and established the largest ginkgo gene database so far, which provided important information for understanding the evolutionary history and potential of ginkgo. Related papers have been published in the journal Nature Communication.

According to researchers, Ginkgo biloba is known as the "living fossil" in the plant kingdom and is one of the oldest existing tree species in the world. The living Ginkgo biloba is the only surviving member of the ancient Ginkgo biloba family. Zhao Yunpeng, the first author of the paper and an associate professor at the School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, said that they faithfully preserved the appearance of their ancestors hundreds of millions of years ago, and their fan-shaped leaves sometimes split in two, just like fossils and in reality.

Second, Metasequoia glyptostroboides

Metasequoia is a rare relict plant in the world. As early as the Mesozoic Cretaceous, Metasequoia plants appeared on the earth and were widely distributed in the northern hemisphere. After the ice age, almost all these plants disappeared. Metasequoia fossils were found in the strata from Late Cretaceous to Neogene in Europe, North America and East Asia. In the 1940s, Chinese botanists discovered the surviving giant Metasequoia glyptostroboides in Modaoxi (Modaoxi) at the junction of Hubei and Sichuan, which was about 400 years old.

Later, the remaining Metasequoia glyptostroboides forests were found in Metasequoia Dam and Xiaohe River in lichuan county, Hubei Province. There were more than 5,000 trees with DBH above 20 cm, and a large number of trunks and cutting pockets were also found in valleys and farmland. Subsequently, trees over 200~300 years old were found in Lengshui, Shizhu County, Sichuan Province, Taro and Tani Lake, Longshan County, Hunan Province.

Metasequoia glyptostroboides is known as "living fossil". It is of great significance to the study of ancient plants, paleoclimate, paleogeography and geology and the phylogeny of gymnosperms.

Extended data:

plant

1, Ginkgo biloba

Ginkgo likes light and can't grow in dark places, but try not to expose the seedlings to the sun, otherwise it may burn the leaves. Ginkgo biloba likes dry or wet soil with good drainage in acid, neutral and alkaline, and can tolerate air pollution and drought. When encountering long-term high temperature and high heat environment, there will be "suspended animation", the leaves will wither and fall off to stop growing to reduce water loss, and new leaves will germinate when the environment is suitable.

Ginkgo biloba leaves when the temperature turns cold in autumn and winter. At this time, watering should be reduced, and normal water management should be carried out after spring sowing and germination.

Ginkgo trees can resist urban pollution, and other trees can grow in places where they cannot survive, which is very suitable for the beauty of the city. Therefore, ginkgo trees are often used as street trees in China and Japan. Ginkgo biloba can also be planted as a bonsai for decoration. Ginkgo biloba takes 20-30 years from seed to fruit, so it is called "Gongsun Tree", which means that the tree planted by grandpa will not be harvested until the grandson.

Ginkgo biloba is a tree species with wide adaptability and strong resilience, and it is not easy to be infected by pests or germs. Ginkgo biloba is very cold-resistant, heat-resistant and drought-resistant, and can be planted in many places.

It can be planted in China, Heilongjiang in the north and Hainan Island in the south. The average annual temperature is 8 ~ 20℃, but 16℃ is the most suitable. The average annual temperature in most ginkgo producing areas is between 14 ~ 18℃. Ginkgo biloba can tolerate the extreme minimum temperature above -23.4 degrees and the extreme maximum temperature below 4 1 degree.

2. Metasequoia glyptostroboides

Metasequoia glyptostroboides is very cold-tolerant, grows rapidly, needs a lot of water and has strong adaptability. Can withstand the high temperature of 40℃ and the cold of MINUS 30℃ in a short time. The growing season is spring and summer, and the leaves fall dormant in autumn and winter. Metasequoia glyptostroboides is suitable for growing in sunny, warm and humid valleys or places with gentle foothills, deep soil layers and a little stagnant water. Not tolerant of drought and barrenness, but more tolerant of waterlogging.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-Metasequoia glyptostroboides

Baidu encyclopedia-ginkgo biloba