The defense of the opening report depends on the arrangement of the school. Some schools do not need to reply to the opening report, and some schools require a reply. The following is my opening report. I hope it helps you.

First, the general procedure of graduation thesis defense

1. Students must submit their graduation thesis in triplicate, together with the outline and draft, half a month before the thesis defense meeting, and work out the questions and answers to be asked.

2. At the defense meeting, let students spend about 15 minutes outlining the topic and the reasons for choosing the topic, and introduce the main arguments, arguments and writing experience of the paper in detail.

3. The main defense teacher asks questions. The main defense teacher usually asks three questions. After the teacher asks questions, students can prepare 15-20 minutes by themselves, and then answer them on the spot. According to the specific situation of students' answers, the main defense teacher and other defense teachers can ask appropriate questions at any time.

The students answered all the questions one by one and left. According to the quality of the paper and the defense situation, the defense Committee collectively decides whether to pass or not, and formulates achievements and opinions.

5. When recalling students, the main defense teacher should summarize the situation in the process of thesis and defense for students, affirm their advantages and disadvantages, point out their mistakes or shortcomings, make necessary supplements and guidance, and announce the approval or disapproval of students at the same time. As for the results of the paper, it is generally not announced on the spot.

Second, the main defense teacher's questioning method

1, ask questions and implement the principle of easy before difficult. Generally, the main defense teacher will ask each respondent three or more questions, and it is best to ask these questions in the order from easy to difficult. The first question asked should generally be considered as a question that students can answer and answer well. When students answer the first question well, they will relax their nervousness and enhance their confidence in answering well, which will help them to play their normal level in the defense of the next few questions.

2. Ask questions step by step. In order to correctly test students' mastery of professional basic knowledge, it is sometimes necessary to divide a big question into several small questions and ask questions step by step.

3. When the respondent's point of view is different from his own, we should discuss it with a gentle attitude and tone of discussion, that is, we should be "elders", practice our skills, and avoid condescending and insulting. Don't pretend to be the master of "truth" and easily use negative judgments such as "wrong", "wrong" and "fallacy". Remember the adage that "what is right may not be right, but what is wrong may be right" and take good advice. You don't have to impose your own views on others, just take your own views out for the other party's reference.

4. When students can't get to the point or can't answer for a while, heuristic and guided questioning methods should be adopted. Teachers who have participated in the thesis defense Committee may have encountered such a situation: students can't answer the questions raised, and some just "stay" helplessly; Some are rambling and beating around the bush, but in fact he doesn't know the answer. In this case, the defense teacher can neither make the students embarrassed to "stay" nor let them talk to each other, but should enlighten or guide them in time. Only through inspiration and guidance can we judge that he really doesn't have this knowledge when he still can't answer and get to the point.

Third, students should pay attention to defense.

In order to successfully pass the defense and truly show their level in the defense, students should not only make full preparations before the defense, but also understand and master the essentials and art of the defense.

(1) Bring necessary materials and supplies: First, students should bring papers and main reference materials when attending the defense meeting. At the defense meeting, after the main defense teacher asks questions, students can prepare for a certain period of time and then answer them face to face. In this case, the necessity of bringing papers and main reference materials is self-evident. Secondly, you should also bring a pen and notebook to record the questions and valuable opinions and opinions raised by the main defense teacher. By recording, you can not only ease your nervousness, but also better understand the key and essence of the teacher's question. At the same time, you can think while recording and make the thinking process natural.

(2) Be confident, don't be nervous: on the basis of full preparation, don't be nervous, be confident. It is very important to build confidence and eliminate tension and panic, because excessive tension will make it impossible to answer questions that could have been answered. Only if you are confident and calm, your defense will have a good performance. Self-confidence mainly comes from making full preparations in advance.

(3) After listening to the questions clearly, think before answering: When the main defense teacher asks questions, students should concentrate on listening carefully and write down the answers in the notebook, carefully scrutinize the key points and essence of the questions raised by the main defense teacher, and don't answer them in a hurry without knowing the meaning of the questions. If you are not clear about the question, you can ask the teacher to say it again. If you don't understand some concepts in the question, you can ask the teacher to explain it, or you can express your understanding of the question, and ask if it means this, and then answer it after you get a positive answer. It is possible to avoid answering irrelevant questions. The answer is to the point.

(4) Answering questions should be concise and clear: after knowing the exact meaning of the questions raised by the main defense teacher, you should respond in a short time, speak your thoughts confidently in fluent language and affirmative tone, and do not hesitate. To answer questions, first, we must grasp the key points, be concise and to the point, and don't ramble, so that people can't get to the point after listening; Second, strive to be objective, comprehensive and dialectical, leaving room to avoid saying "death"; Third, it is necessary to make a concrete analysis and have a clear hierarchy. In addition, pay attention to clear words, moderate voice and so on.

(5) Don't argue with unanswerable questions: Sometimes the teachers of the defense committee are not satisfied with the answers given by the respondents, and they will ask further questions to find out whether the author really understands and grasps this question. In this case, if the respondent is sure to make it clear, he can state the reasons for his defense; If you are not sure, you can try to answer carefully and answer as much as you can, even if it is not exact, it doesn't matter. As long as it is related to the question, the teacher will guide you to the point. If it's really a problem you haven't figured out, you should be realistic and explain that you haven't figured it out, and say that you must study this problem carefully in the future, and you can't argue irrationally and quibble. Because the teacher of the defense Committee may have studied this problem specially, no matter how clever he is, he can't fool him. It should be understood here that it is not surprising that a student was asked a question at the defense meeting, because the members of the defense Committee are generally experts in this field. It is natural that they can't answer one of their questions. Of course, not all questions can be answered, and it is not normal to ask three questions without knowing.

(six) when the main point of view in the paper is different from that of the main defense teacher, you can argue with it:

In the defense, sometimes the main defense teacher will put forward a point of view different from the basic point of view in the paper, and then please talk about it. At this time, you should fully defend your point of view and refute the opposite point of view. Among the questions asked by the main defense teacher, there are some basic knowledge questions and some academic inquiry questions. For the former question, we need to give a correct and comprehensive answer, which is not negotiable. The latter question is still inconclusive, and people with different views can discuss it with each other. If the basic ideas of a written paper are well thought out, justified and justified, don't give up your own ideas just because the members of the defense Committee put forward different opinions. Otherwise, it is tantamount to denying the paper that you have worked so hard to write. You know, some defense teachers put forward different views from the thesis, which are not his own views. He just wants to listen to comments and opinions on this point of view, or to test his defense ability, or the firmness of his own point of view. To say the least, even if you ask teachers their own opinions, you should argue with them with the attitude of "I love my teacher and I love the truth more".

But when arguing with the defense teacher, we should pay attention to the discretion and use appropriate arguments. Generally speaking, we should give priority to defending our own views, refute each other's arguments in euphemistic language as much as possible, ask questions in tone, and input our views into each other without showing any trace by means of side talk, secret talk and roundabout talk, so as to be well-founded, well-founded or well-founded. Let the questioning teacher feel that although he accepted the opinion, his self-esteem was not hurt. For example, at a defense meeting, when a teacher explained the monopoly of high profits, he described the monopoly of high profits as the part of profits higher than the average profit. The students who answered the questions realized that the teacher's explanation was wrong. He said in a calm and confused tone: "So, how do you understand that monopoly high profit means monopoly price is higher than cost price?" The teacher who asked questions paused after listening, and after a while said loudly, "Good question!" " From the cheers of the questioning teacher, I know that he has completely agreed with you. This kind of debate, the defense teacher will not be embarrassed, on the contrary, will feel very level and solid.

(7) Be polite: the process of thesis defense is also the process of academic exchange. Respondents should regard it as a good opportunity to learn from the defense teachers and experts, ask for advice and ask questions. Therefore, in the whole process of defense, the respondent should respect the teachers of the defense Committee and be polite in words and deeds, especially when the questions raised by the main defense teacher are difficult to answer, or the defense teacher's views are different from his own. After the defense is over, leave calmly and politely, regardless of the defense situation.

In addition, after the graduation thesis defense, the author should listen carefully to the judgment of the defense Committee, further analyze and think about the opinions put forward by the defense teacher, and summarize the experience and lessons of thesis writing. On the one hand, through this graduation thesis writing, I want to know what scientific research methods I have learned and mastered, and my ability to ask questions, analyze problems, solve problems and study has been improved. What are the shortcomings, as a reference for studying other topics in the future. On the other hand, we should seriously think about the questions and opinions raised by the defense teachers at the thesis defense meeting, revise our own papers, deepen our research, and seriously revise our own papers to achieve in-depth development and achieve greater results. To improve their knowledge and ability.

Four, several problems that should be paid attention to in graduation thesis defense

(A) defense steps

1. When defending your graduation thesis, the defense teacher first asks you to briefly describe the content of your graduation thesis. In the narrative, you should clearly state the idea (outline), arguments, arguments and discussion methods (methods) of writing this paper. It usually takes about 5 minutes. Through your narration, the defense teacher can understand the thinking process of your paper and examine your analytical and comprehensive induction ability.

2. Step 2: Respond on the spot. After the defense teacher asks you 2-3 questions, make an impromptu defense. One of the questions generally asks questions about the basic concepts and principles involved in your paper, and examines whether the students' understanding of the cited basic concepts and principles is accurate. The second question, generally speaking, is aimed at a certain aspect of the argument involved in your paper, which requires to be discussed (discussed) in combination with actual work or professional practice. Investigate the connection and help of the basic professional knowledge you have learned to your practical work, that is, the ability to integrate theory with practice. The third question, according to the students' work experience, puts forward the problems in professional theory or practice, and guides students to explore the theoretical basis or many problems and hot issues in the current professional development in combination with cases and practices encountered in work practice. Examine students' potential professional ability.

(2) Pay attention to the problem 1. Why did you choose this topic?

2. What is the significance and purpose of studying this topic?

3. How is the basic framework and structure of the full text arranged?

4. What is the logical relationship between the parts of the full text?

5. What different views have been found in the process of studying this topic? How do I know these different opinions? How to deal with it?

6. Although it is not mentioned in the paper, what other issues are closely related to it?

7. What other questions have not been clarified by yourself and not discussed in depth in the paper?

8. What is the main basis for making an argument when writing a paper?

Think carefully about the above questions, sort them out with notes if necessary, and write a speech outline for use in defense. Only in this way can we be prepared and not panic when we get cold feet.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) defense skills

Students should first introduce the outline of the paper, which is called "self-report". It should be emphasized that "self-report" is not "self-reading". The important skill here is to be careful not to read the report verbatim and turn it into "reading". "Scripting" is the first taboo. This part can include writing motivation, reasons, research direction, topic comparison, research scope, the latest research results around this topic, my new insights, new understandings or new breakthroughs in the paper. Be concise. no

It will take too much time, usually limited to ten minutes. The so-called "cutting the complexity and leaving the quilt clear, the painting is always familiar", that is to say, try to write the words rich and to the point. We should highlight the key points and express our greatest gains, deepest experience, essence and most distinctive parts. It should be noted here that the theme is unknown; Second, avoid vague content and ramble; Three bogeys are dull and unfocused.

When defending, students should pay attention to manners and manners, which is the first signal to enter people's emotional channel. If the respondents can present a good image with good manners and manners in the first two minutes, it will be a good start.

When listening to the teacher's questions, you should master the following skills:

Calm down, listen and remember.

Concentrate and think seriously.

We should be confident and open-minded.

Seeking truth from facts, never demanding.

Listen carefully and listen clearly.

The skill to be mastered in answering questions is where is the "center", "crux" and "key" needed to answer each question when conceiving? Which angle is the best to answer the question? What examples should be given to prove it? The content of the answer is essentially an organized "oral composition". This is about:

First, the article should have arguments and arguments.

Second, there is a beginning, a subject and an end.

Third, it is organized and hierarchical.

Fourth, correct words and fluent language.

Five, should be articulate and speak at a moderate speed.

The beginning should be concise: straight to the point is the best beginning, and straight to the point to express your views is the best way to reply. The expression of the main part can be analyzed item by item, that is, the content to be answered is summarized and analyzed item by item, which is actually to sort out the materials you have mastered from the outside to the inside. Such a statement will not be superficial, but can go deep into the essence. Piecewise analysis can be combined with some practical examples that I have mastered, sorted into several items and listed into several subheadings: divided into several points and said one by one. A full bowl of rice must be eaten bite by bite, and the truth of full stomach must be told one by one, interlocking and interlocking, which makes people remember clearly after listening. If you have prepared a relatively complete outline when preparing, then put some jade beads (for example) along the main line of answering questions to make the center clear, coherent and reasonable.

As a student who will take part in thesis defense, he must first have a deep understanding and comprehensive familiarity with the contents of his graduation thesis. This is to prepare for answering questions that members of the thesis defense Committee may ask about the depth and related knowledge of the thesis. The so-called "deep understanding" means having a horizontal grasp of the graduation thesis. For example, in the thesis entitled "Creating famous brand products and developing national industries", the thesis defense committee may ask what is the relationship between "national brand" and "famous brand". Although "national brands" may not be involved in the graduation thesis, students who take part in the thesis defense must have a "comprehensive understanding" and a "profound understanding" of their graduation thesis, otherwise there will be an embarrassing situation.

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