In order to make medical papers play a better role in storing and disseminating medical information, promoting academic exchanges, reflecting and guiding clinical practice, and promoting the development of life sciences, since the beginning of the 20th century, the medical community has put forward the requirement of unifying the paper format. 1978 65438+ 10, editors of some biological and medical journals in the United States, Britain and Canada jointly drafted and published the Vancouver Declaration, and then formed the editorial board of the International Medical Journal, and revised the requirements several times. Gundam 1992, published in the 4th edition, is abbreviated as Vancouver format [1], and its recommended biomedical papers (papers) are mainly in I MRaD format, namely introduction, methods, results and discussion.
1 Introduction
1 1 1 content
(a) the origin, purpose, scope and methods of the study, the start and end date, main results and significance of the study; ② Research background, research status and progress at home and abroad; ③ Research ideas, research methods, experimental design, expected results and practical significance. According to the specific situation of the paper, it can be mainly described by one of the above points.
1 12.
(1) cut to the chase, focused, concise, generally 200 ~ 300 words, accounting for about110 of the full text; 2 don't write summaries or abstracts, and don't comment and explain papers; ③ The writing style should be rigorous. The common articles in the author's daily comments include "unreported", "first reported" and "filling the domestic blank". If the author does not have exact information as a reference, it should be avoided.
2 materials and methods.
2 1 1 material
2 1 165438+
Special inspection results, etc.
2 1 1 12 experimental research papers animal name, species, strain, quantity, source, sex, age, length and weight, health status, grouping standard, operation and specimen preparation process, etc. Drugs, kits, reagents, testing instruments, purity and quantity of drugs, manufacturers and instrument models, etc.
2 12 method
The methods of clinical research can be summarized as diagnostic methods, medication methods, surgical methods, statistical methods and so on. If there are any groups, the methods used in the treatment group and the control group should be described respectively. If the efficacy evaluation criteria used are recognized, references can be directly cited; If it is customized, it needs to be explained in detail. The methods of experimental research include the formation method of animal model and the specific technical methods involved; In vitro experimental methods include sample collection and separation, tissue sectioning, sample treatment process and steps, drug concentration and preparation, staining and histochemistry. If the research methods used are references and others' references, you can refer to references without giving a detailed introduction; If the method of others has been improved, the part of improvement should be explained; If the research method is initiated by the author, it should be explained in detail.
3 results (results)
The result is the core of the paper, reflecting the level and value of the paper, the basis of the conclusion, and the foundation and pillar of the formation of viewpoints and themes. You should not quote other people's data, write the results without discussion, and you should not write the results in conclusive language. Its manifestations are as follows: ① text narration; 2 tables; ③ Figure [2].
3 1 1 text description
This paper focuses on the observation results and measured data of clinical or experimental research, and should be concise and to the point, and often set some subtitles to reflect the useful data and materials in the research work with the least words and the most concise language.
3 12 chart
For problems that can be explained in words, try not to use tables and charts. Accurate tables and charts can be used as a necessary supplement to text narration and reduce tedious text narration. The form requires concise content, clear columns, accurate figures and self-evident, and adopts a three-line table, with complete table numbers, titles and subheadings, consistent specifications of measurement units, and the figures in the table must be consistent with the text. The design of charts should be reasonable, easy to understand, with beautiful lines, clear images and strong three-dimensional sense; Specimen photos should be well-defined, and mark scales should be placed in the picture; Microscopic photos must be marked with magnification and dyeing method; Original recorded pictures (such as EEG, ECG, etc. ) Record with black drawing ink to ensure clear lines.
4 discussion (discussion)
Discussion is an important part of medical papers, accounting for 65,438+0/3 ~ 65,438+0/2 of the full text. Its purpose is to concretize abstract concepts, arrange experimental results and rationalize practical experience [3].
4 1 1 content
① To analyze, judge and evaluate the research results, we can apply the existing theoretical explanations and new theories and viewpoints at home and abroad for analysis. (2) compare the similarities and differences between its results and those of others, explain its causal relationship, explain whether the expected purpose is achieved, and whether the hypothesis put forward can be proved; It is often necessary to cite literature to demonstrate one's point of view and make a comprehensive analysis of all kinds of materials, data and phenomena of research results in theory. ③ Explain the theoretical value, guiding role to practice and application value (economic and social benefits) of the research results. ④ Explain some special phenomena or new clues in the research, point out the unsolved problems in this research and propose solutions.
Methods: The future research direction, improvement methods, working ideas and suggestions were put forward. ⑤ Research progress of similar problems at home and abroad, and the comparison of research results with international and domestic advanced levels. The above contents need not be comprehensive in every paper, but should vary from article to article and focus on one or several "small cores".
4 12 writing method
① Read a large number of relevant documents to fully understand the history, development and present situation of relevant research. (2) Be detailed and focused, focusing on new discoveries, new methods, new ideas and new theories, avoiding digression and digressing Wan Li. ③
Seek truth from facts, grasp the discretion, and don't arbitrarily draw the conclusion that the research results are not enough to support. You can put forward new assumptions, but they must be suitable. (4) The argument method is correct, with substance in speech and sufficient arguments, which makes the argument convincing and credible. ⑤ Avoid duplication, cover all aspects and list documents. We should not simply repeat the existing contents in the introduction and results, but should focus on reasoning and evaluation; Don't quote others' arguments too much, lest you write a literature review. 6. Don't report good news or bad news. You should not only quote the literature supporting your research results, but also objectively and fairly analyze and evaluate the negative conclusions [2].
5 others
The above is the main part of the paper in Vancouver format, including the front part (including title, signature, abstract and keywords) and appendix (including references, thanks, etc. ), in which the title, abstract, keywords and references are more important.
5 1 1 title
The title of medical argument is the focus of information, which should be concise and eye-catching, grasp the center of research, use correct terms and facilitate readers' retrieval. The title of medical papers consists of five elements, four elements, three elements and two elements, and the most common three-element title consists of research purpose and research method [4]. Try not to use unnecessary empty words with no substantive content, such as "about", "about", "clinical analysis", "clinical research", "experience", "observation" and "report", so as to avoid duplication.
5 12 summary
It is a brief statement of the content of the paper, without comments and annotations, and it is the highly concentrated and essence of the full text. It is advisable to use 200-300 words, and the foreign language abstract has 150-250 content words. It is not suitable to use the first person to describe it. From 65438 to 0987, Professor Haynes of McMaster University in Canada established and advocated the application of structured abstracts, which was first applied to medical journals. Starting from 199 1, China medical journals have successively applied four structured abstracts, including four elements: purpose, method, result and conclusion. It is generally believed that this abstract is simple and easy to be accepted and mastered by the majority of authors [4].
5 13 Keywords
Keyword is a retrieval language, which can be used in indexing and retrieval systems, and should be selected as far as possible in MeSH or Chinese thesaurus. Commonly used stereotyped nouns should use prototype words instead of abbreviations, with accurate concepts and strong specificity. Some important terms and words that are not included in the above glossary can also be selected as free words according to the needs of the paper. Each paper should be indexed with 3 ~ 8 keywords, and the specific indexing number depends on the content and scope of the paper, with the principle of "precision and accuracy".
5 14 reference
References can reflect the real scientific basis of the paper, show the author's respect for others' work, and also show the seriousness of science, which is convenient for readers to conduct retrospective retrieval. Vancouver format sequential coding system is widely used in medical papers in China. The description requirements and formats are as follows: ① The literature must be read by the author himself, and the Vancouver format of Chen: No.592, No.3 of Medical Papers in Recent 3-5 Years should be selected as far as possible.
To reflect the advanced degree of the paper. (2) Use published documents once as far as possible, and internal information should not be recorded as official reference. (3) Generally, there are no more than 10 references and no more than 20 abstracts, which are arranged according to the citation order, and the corresponding positions in the paper are marked with serial numbers. ④ It should be targeted and closely related to the paper, so as to show the academic status of the paper, the reliability and advancement of the application method, the practicability and theoretical value of the conclusion. ⑤ Description format. According to Vancouver format, journal articles are the authors (number 1 ~ 3, and "equal to" or "et al 1" is added for those exceeding). Title 1 Magazine name, year of publication, volume (issue): page numbers. Monographs or books include: author (ditto), title and edition (1 edition can be omitted). Place of publication: publishing house, year of publication. Start and end page numbers. Note that there is no need to add punctuation after the page number.