Human sufferings in Du Fu's eyes
Du Fu's poetry has always been famous for its vigorous and broad style. No one in China's Millennium poetry circle can be equal to him, with such a majestic atmosphere and profound fraternity. Although Li Bai is elegant and aloof, he does not have Du Fu's fraternity. Although Su Shi is brilliant and passionate, he is not as deep as Du Fu.
Every time I read Du Fu's poems, I am not only impressed by his superb poetic talent, but also deeply moved by his noble and kind soul. Sometimes I feel wronged for his lack of talent, sometimes I feel deep sympathy for his long-term fate, and I cry enthusiastically for his persistence in narrow escape.
Sometimes I can't help but ask: since Du Fu can't get the trust of the dog emperor, forget it. Learn from Li Bai, stop being an official, and live a hermit life of "delivering boats", but he also falls into a quiet and leisurely life. Besides, it is not a problem that he can earn some benefits for himself by virtue of his fame in his youth. Most of his early friends were big names in politics and literature, and his distinguished family background was enough for him to live a noble life of respecting and forgetting his worries. However, he was "stupid" and decided not to take this road. It seems that he was born willing to suffer like Jesus and Sakyamuni to save the people, and consciously embarked on the road of no return. In the long journey, he experienced a terrible war, unforgettable separation of flesh and blood, great escape in extreme panic, separation and reunion of relatives and friends, and torture of illness. He witnessed the deep suffering brought by the war to all people in the world, saw the Tang Dynasty, which he swore allegiance to, go to self-destruction day by day, and saw that his miserable life was doomed to be hard to be rewarded.
In short, he has experienced, tried, tasted and swallowed all the most tragic things in the world. Such great suffering is beyond the ordinary people's endurance? The greatness and uniqueness of Du Fu lies in that his love can tolerate these sufferings, put on so many human sufferings, and then sing earth-shattering and weeping poems with his deepest voice. People are still attracted and moved by this noble soul. He is definitely worthy of the prestigious honorary title of "Poet Saint". Who else can afford this heavy title?
Du Fu's poems often use an image of an open realm. He always writes from the big picture. Some people lament generously and are prone to cold water. Some are nomadic teenagers in the north riding horses, laughing and laughing. Some are brilliant, ambitious and ambitious. Some are arrogant Cao Cao who embraces the universe, including Gan Kun. Some are heroes who are still brave in their old age. Du Fu's spirit was different when he was 14 or 15 years old, as evidenced by poems:
The sex industry is addicted to alcohol, disgusting and upright. It is old to make friends when you are young; If you drink it, you can't hit it, and there are endless vulgar things.
Except Du Fu, who can write such arrogant and domineering poems at a young age? Even if there is, it is forced to appear, letting people know that they are lacking in confidence. Du Fu does have capital, and his madness is natural. Young Du Fu, from seven or eight years old to weak crown, spent his whole life in boring study. He has little contact with the outside world and a lot of secular atmosphere. Although his study is small, his world is rich. It can be said that the study is an eternal world without spring, summer, autumn and winter. Toure saw eternity here. Along the rope of 5,000 years, he saw Qu Yuan, Jia Yi, Zhuge Liang, Yu Kaifu, He Xun and Xie Lingyun. What made him even more proud was that he met thirteen ancestors Du Yu, who was famous for his sandwich skills, and his famous grandfather Du in the early Tang Dynasty. , such a prominent family, how can you not let him produce an elite consciousness? Therefore, when former poetic leaders Cui Shang and Qixin Wei praised his articles for overwhelming Yang Xiong and Ban Gu, he acquiesced, and he deserved it. This kind of elite consciousness naturally melts into his poems. He is like a god in a poetic country, with a bird's eye view of everything in the world. He is not only familiar with the past of this world, but also knows how to build the future of this world.
He was a unique genius of his time. The 20-year-old Zi Mei, with the ambition of serving her country, left her hometown to seek fame. The 24-year-old climbed the towering and abrupt Mount Tai with lofty aspirations and wrote "Looking at Yue": How majestic is the holiness of Mount Tai! ? Out of Qilu, green peaks can still be seen. The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north. Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, birds are flying around in front of my nervous eyes ... trying to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet.
It seems that his trip this time is determined to do something vigorous and famous in history, and he is so confident. During this period, Toure's poetry obviously has a Jian 'an style, positive and enterprising, full of confidence. Most of the poems in this period describe animals that make him feel energetic, such as fast horses and goshawks, such as "If Xiao Teng has this thing, he will run amok" (), "Why not kill all the birds and spill blood on it?" ()。
However, since ancient times, many heroes have suffered, and Du Fu's ideal of "loyalty to the monarch, honesty and customs" was unexpectedly ignored and hit by him. Zi Mei, 24, came last. Although, he didn't feel inferior, because he knew that the person who was admitted was not as good as himself, but he did lose a rare good opportunity to be an official. After all, he is also a declining aristocratic scholar, and he has not been promoted by royalty, nor has he been valued by dignitaries. The best way for Zi Mei to make a difference in politics is to take the imperial examination and embark on an official career. There is no way. Who told him to live in the Tang Dynasty, where the imperial examination was prevalent? However, he was really disdainful of the imperial examination, and at the same time, the narrow imperial examination room could not accommodate the beauty of a talented person who "read thousands of books and wrote like a god", which made ordinary scholars feel ashamed. Du Fu did not hesitate to give up his fame in Luoyang, and went straight to Chang 'an, which he looked forward to day and night, hoping to gain the trust and reuse of Tang Gaozong like Zhuge Liang in history, and do earth-shattering things there. But the fate of heroes is doomed to be tragic. During his ten years in Chang 'an, he not only didn't get any fame, but also lived a life of "getting rich in the morning and getting rich in the evening". Finally, his self-esteem was unbearable and he had to leave Chang 'an, where he had been fascinated, and began to wander around the world.
His trip was the last decade when the Tang Dynasty began to turn from prosperity to decline. During these ten years, those dignitaries, especially those related to the royal family and the country, lived a decadent life. The fatuous and incompetent Xuanzong prized Yang Guifei, who was dissolute and decadent and indulged in political affairs; The traitors Yang and Li gossiped, confused Chaogang, killed Zhongliang, and almost destroyed them. An Lushan, a northern careerist, is sharpening his sword and preparing to change the dynasty. There are Tubo and Uighur in the west. All this, the omen of national subjugation, is in Du Fu's eyes, but it hurts in his heart. Love and hate, love and hate. Du Fu showed no mercy to the debauchery of Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty. "Zhumen wine stinks, and the road freezes to death." This warning is so explicit and so angry. If he doesn't have an innate sympathy for the whole world, if he lacks a strong sense of responsibility for Li Tang, can he be so angry, worried and bold? Only he can wear the hat of "poet saint" Except him, no one is qualified and no one can afford to wear it!
In 756 A.D., under the situation that the country was poor and weak for a long time, the civil strife that led to its decline finally broke out. As the saying goes, "Heroes come from troubled times." "loyalty is known in troubled times." Du Fu had a talent for wind music, and Su Wu was loyal to moral integrity. It's a historical tragedy that a genius like him didn't make great achievements in troubled times. Facts have proved that the Tang Dynasty was indeed terminally ill and hopeless. Although Tang Suzong had the determination to turn the tide and revitalize the Tang Dynasty, his ability was limited after all. In addition, he doesn't distinguish right from wrong, listens to gossip, employs villains, and crowds out loyalty. Du Fu also lost the opportunity to serve the country and prosper the Tang Dynasty in these meaningless power struggles, and he completely lost it. Since then, he has lost a famous ZTE official and gained a sad poet in history. Perhaps it is precisely because of people with lofty ideals like Qu Yuan and Du Fu who died nine times without regrets that history has shown his greatness, brilliance and charm. Du Fu's heartfelt poems always stimulate the nerves of human kindness and fraternity, and can't help but burst into tears when reading them. The song "Climbing Up" still echoes in the ears of future generations.
Birds fly back. On a stormy day, birds fly over the clear lake and the white beach and fly home. The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.
Wan Li, a frequent visitor in autumn, climbed to this height alone with my hundred years of sorrow. After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged.
I especially want to mention a great man in history, who is the only one who can touch Du Fu's unique nerve. People can imagine what Du Fu would look like if he was reused by the emperor by looking at his life. He is Zhuge Liang. "The Three Kingdoms are divided, all bound by his power, and the Eight Pavilions are built by his prestige." Du Fu's worship of Zhuge Liang almost reached the point of collapse, as evidenced by poems: Zhuge Wei shocked the earth, and the portraits of loyal ministers were lofty. Just a feather in the burning sky, but his will, in the Three Kingdoms War. Yi Yin and Lv Shang are neck and neck, and their command of military operations is calm, which makes Xiao He Cao Can far behind. The succession of the Han dynasty was due to luck. Although Zhuge Liang was difficult to revive, he was determined and devoted himself to the busy military.
A feeling of reverence flows in his poems, and many of Du Fu's poems praise Zhuge Liang. Du Fu imitated Zhuge Liang all his life, devoted himself to it and died. Jianghan was written two years before his death. Jianghan homesick, Gankun pedant. The sky is far away, and the moon is always lonely. The setting sun is particularly strong and the autumn wind is disgusting. Since ancient times, there is no need to walk far.
This poem is the life history of Du Fu's wandering, full of blood and tears. After reading it, I can't bear to imagine it any more.
In Du Fu's wandering life in the second half of his life, those old friends who abandoned their wives and children, who were successful in their youth but lost their souls in their later years always touched Du Fu's sensitive and bitter heartstrings. He is too sensitive to these people. Every time I meet such a person, he always sings poems and sings songs. The sadness written by a "beauty" would never have been written if she had not poured her own grief and indignation. "It's the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and it's the season of falling flowers." At the end of the year, Du Fu, whose ambition has not been extended, met Li Guinian, a famous singer who was once all-powerful and now poor. He couldn't bear it any longer. How can he not complain? . There is also a generation of famous painter Cao Ba, a generation of great writers, and his Mo Bai and Gao Shi. These friends were frustrated and died one after another, which brought great trauma to his spirit and made him suffer the greatest sorrow in the world in his later years. "I have never heard of a bosom friend." This is Du Fu's most painful cry after experiencing a stormy life and tasting all kinds of human sufferings. This voice. This song shocked every corner of that dark age, and it was immersed in the heart of every grandson of China. This song traveled across the ocean and spread to seven continents. Tao touched people across the ocean. This is the pride of our Chinese nation.
The misfortune of that period of history created Du Fu's misfortune. Du Fu's misfortune, however, made that period of history brilliant, and let future generations see the sublimity and light of that era except blood and tears. This is my greatest spiritual gain from reading Du Fu's poems.