The research on new product strategy of pharmaceutical enterprises should be carried out from three aspects: "innovation, high technology and talents", focusing on current hot issues such as new product technology patents.
Related model essay:
Patent technology development and industrial development of pharmaceutical industry in China
Abstract: Patent application is of great significance in the pharmaceutical industry. Through the collection and analysis of patent data of 55 listed companies, it is found that the overall level of patent application of pharmaceutical enterprises in China is low, and the patent application of pharmaceutical enterprises is mainly based on design, followed by invention patents, and the number of utility models is the least. The profitability of Chinese medicine enterprises is significantly related to invention patents, and the profitability and scale of chemical medicine enterprises are significantly related to utility model patents and appearance patents. The empirical results are consistent with the current situation of Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises.
Keywords: chemical and pharmaceutical industry? Chinese medicine industry? Patents?
The importance of patents to the pharmaceutical industry?
Patents are of great significance to pharmaceutical enterprises. The pharmaceutical industry is highly intensive in technological innovation, with the characteristics of high R&D investment, high risk and high income. On the one hand, technically speaking, the reduction and analysis of a drug is much less difficult than research and development, and the cost is much lower; On the other hand, the ingredients of drugs must be made public and informed to doctors and patients for easy use. All these make new drugs easy to be imitated and manufactured, so patents become the most powerful means to protect new drugs. At present, international pharmaceutical giants rely on patents to protect their leading position, and the sales of patented products account for 40% of the total sales. David? e？ The research of Webber(2003) shows that compared with other industries such as chemistry, petroleum, machinery, metal products, metallurgy, motor, instrument, office equipment, automobile, rubber, textile, etc., the patent system has the strongest protection for the innovation ability of the pharmaceutical industry. ?
In the absence of R&D data, rich patent data can be used as both input substitution index and output substitution index of technological innovation activities at the enterprise level. Griliches( 1990), an authority on patent index research, pointed out that despite all kinds of difficulties, patent statistics are still the only indicator to analyze the process of technological change. When there is no detailed R&D data, the current patent data can at least be used as a substitute index to measure the differences in the level of invention activities between companies. In our country, the above conclusion has its special significance. It is difficult to obtain the data of R&D investment of enterprises in China, and patent data is a rare resource to study technological innovation of enterprises. Trying to use patent data at the enterprise level is of positive significance to the research on technological innovation of Chinese enterprises. ?
China pharmaceutical industry patent data collection?
Although medical patent data is open, there are still many obstacles to transform patent data into data for research. Patents actually controlled by an enterprise are recorded in the patent library with the names of different applicants, such as the names of its branches, the names of other enterprises acquired by the enterprise, and the original names of the enterprises (there are many cases in which enterprises are renamed because of enterprise restructuring in China). Even the branches applying for patents will be renamed. However, the patent database collected by government patent agencies only records each patent under the name of each applicant, regardless of whether the applicants belong to the same entity or not, and does not record the information of renaming and mergers and acquisitions. ?
Considering that the annual report, semi-annual report and listing materials of listed companies are open to the whole society, and the accuracy of information is relatively guaranteed, this paper takes the pharmaceutical enterprises of listed companies as samples. Because diversification has a certain negative impact on the study of patent data (Griliches, 1990), listed pharmaceutical companies whose main business is not prominent enough are not considered when selecting samples. How to determine enterprise samples and collect patent data?
Firstly, according to the industry classification guidelines of CSRC, find out the pharmaceutical manufacturing companies marked by Shenzhen Stock Exchange, and select them according to the information provided by the financial database. For the companies whose profits and sales revenue account for more than 50% in the "pharmaceutical manufacturing" business, after eliminating unstable factors (such as changes in main business), 62 companies were finally retained. Then, in the online database of the US Food and Drug Administration in China (which distinguishes between traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine), you can find all the medicines registered by each company, judge whether the vast majority of medicines in this company are traditional Chinese medicine or western medicine, and list the listed companies in the corresponding industries. Finally, all listed companies are divided into 3 1 chemical pharmaceutical companies, 24 Chinese medicine companies and 7 mixed reform companies. In order to facilitate comparative study, this paper excludes seven listed companies with mixed operation. Finally, taking the parent companies and their subsidiaries of listed companies included in the financial statements in 2002 as the statistical objects, a comprehensive query was made in the national open patent database, and the cumulative application amount of three types of patents of each company in four years was counted. ?
Comparative analysis of patent data of pharmaceutical industry in China?
Between 1993 and 2002, 55 listed companies applied for 825 patents, including 248 patents for inventions (accounting for about 30% of the total), 64 patents for utility models (accounting for about 7.8% of the total) and 5 13 patents for designs (accounting for 60% of the total). According to the patent type and the industry classification of the applicant enterprises, the patent application information of 55 sample enterprises is from 138?
Patent applications of pharmaceutical enterprises in China are mainly based on design, while the number of invention patents and utility models is relatively small?
No matter in chemical medicine industry or traditional Chinese medicine industry, appearance patents account for more than half of all patent applications, and Chinese medicine enterprises are even close to 70%, with an average of 14.29 appearance patents per Chinese medicine enterprise. The utility model patents in the chemical medicine industry and the traditional Chinese medicine industry account for 7% and 9% of the total application, respectively, with little difference in proportion. However, the invention patents in the chemical pharmaceutical manufacturing industry account for 39% of the total number of patent applications, while the proportion of invention patent applications in the Chinese medicine industry is only 25%. ?
Are there fewer patent applications in chemical pharmaceutical enterprises than in traditional Chinese medicine enterprises?
On average, each enterprise in the chemical pharmaceutical industry only applied for 5-6 appearance patents within the statistical range, while the average number of applications for appearance design patents of enterprises in the traditional Chinese medicine industry was 14.29, and patent applications were far more active than those in the chemical pharmaceutical industry. Compared with the traditional Chinese medicine industry, the average number of utility model patents applied by each enterprise is quite different. ?
Is the average patent application level of Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises low?
Through the analysis of the median of sample enterprises, it is found that the patent application level of pharmaceutical enterprises in China is low. The median value of utility model patent and appearance patent of chemical medicine sample enterprises is 0, and the invention patent is 1, indicating that more than half of enterprises have almost no patent application behavior. The situation of Chinese medicine sample enterprises is slightly better, but overall, the number of patent applications is also very small. The average number of patents can reach 15, mainly because a few sample enterprises (such as Baiyun Mountain and Tongrentang) apply for more patents, which has raised the overall average level of sample enterprises. ?
Correlation analysis between patent level and performance of pharmaceutical enterprises?
Research ideas?
In order to investigate the correlation between patent application level and enterprise performance of pharmaceutical enterprises, variance analysis method was used. Firstly, the chemical medicine sample enterprises and Chinese medicine sample enterprises are grouped according to the patent type and patent level, and then the variance analysis is used to judge whether there are significant differences in financial data between each group. Finally, the results are analyzed. ?
Because most enterprises have low patent applications, each analysis of variance only divides the sample enterprises into two groups. Enterprises are classified according to the median cumulative number of different types of patent applications in four years. Enterprises whose cumulative patent applications are less than the median are called Group A, and those whose cumulative patent applications are greater than the median are called Group B (which can be divided into three groups from the perspectives of invention patents, utility model patents and appearance patents respectively). The median is used as the grouping index, mainly because no matter which industry or patent application, there are many enterprises with zero patent applications. When grouping, the average number will be increased by enterprises with many patent applications, and enterprises with many patent applications but not particularly prominent ones are easily divided into groups with low patent applications. ?
Analysis and analysis of variance results?
On the determination of performance indicators, this paper intends to examine the relationship between patents and enterprise performance from two aspects: profitability and enterprise scale. In this paper, seven representative indicators are selected for variance analysis. Among them, main business income, total profit, main business profit, main business profit rate and return on total assets are five indicators representing the profitability of enterprises, while the number of employees and total assets are two indicators representing the scale of enterprises. The variance analysis of the financial indicators of Group A and Group B enterprises in 2002 is made, and the results are shown in Table 2. ?
The results of variance analysis can draw the following conclusions:?
On the whole, the level of patent application in pharmaceutical industry is positively related to the profitability and scale of enterprises. Statistics show that under the confidence level of 10%, most indicators with differences between groups show that the average value of group B is significantly greater than that of group A. The indicators selected in this paper are all positive indicators, and a large index value means that the enterprise has good profitability and large scale. Therefore, there is generally a positive correlation between patent application and enterprise performance and scale. ?
Invention patents in Chinese medicine industry are positively related to the profitability of enterprises, but this conclusion is not valid in chemical pharmaceutical industry. When grouped by invention patents, there is no significant difference in profitability and scale index between the two groups of chemical industry and pharmaceutical industry; However, there are significant differences between the two groups in the Chinese medicine industry in terms of total profits and return on total assets. However, there is no significant difference in the scale index of Chinese medicine enterprises, which further confirms the significant difference in profitability between the two groups of Chinese medicine enterprises. ?
There is a significant positive correlation between utility model patents in chemical and pharmaceutical industries and the profitability and scale of enterprises, but this conclusion is not valid in Chinese medicine industry. When analyzing enterprise variance according to utility model patents, it is found that two profitability indicators (main business income and main business profit) and enterprise scale indicators (number of employees and total assets) of Group B in chemical pharmaceutical industry are significantly higher than those of Group A, and the significance level is above 5%. ?
Appearance patents in chemical pharmaceutical industry are positively related to the profitability and scale of enterprises, but this conclusion is not valid in Chinese medicine industry. When enterprises are grouped according to design patents, it is found that group B, which has more design patent applications in chemical and pharmaceutical industries, has three profitability indicators that are obviously better than group A, namely, main business income, main business profit and main business profit rate. In addition, the number of employees and total assets of enterprises are also very significant. There are significant differences in performance between the two groups of Chinese medicine enterprises, but there is no significant difference in profitability indicators. ?
The above conclusions are consistent with the present situation of chemical drugs and traditional Chinese medicine in China. In the chemical and pharmaceutical industry, China is mainly engaged in the production of generic drugs, especially raw materials, and few new drugs are independently developed. For example, the bulk drug products, such as tetracycline, chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline and streptomycin, which are discontinued by major European manufacturers, are mainly produced in China. Without R&D capability and producing homogeneous products, the basic competition links are mainly concentrated in production and marketing. On the one hand, by improving the level of production technology, reduce costs; On the other hand, improve the brand awareness of customers through marketing. The utility model patent and the design patent can improve the performance of enterprises by improving the competitiveness of these two links. ?
The essential difference between Chinese medicine industry and chemical pharmaceutical industry lies in the independent research and development ability of Chinese medicine industry. With the current capital and technical strength, Chinese medicine enterprises have the ability to conduct independent research and development through hard work. Taiji Group, Tongrentang, Chengdu Di 'ao and other enterprises have made good profits and achieved rapid growth precisely because they have their own fist Chinese patent medicine products. Therefore, the invention patents reflecting the ability of new drugs are closely related to the performance of Chinese medicine enterprises. ?
References:?
1. Du, Luo. Protection strategy of Chinese medicine patent under the new situation [J]. china journal of modern medicine, 2004?
2. Guo Dongmei. Analysis on the development of Chinese medicine industry in 2003 [J]. China Medical Research and Information, 2004.
For reference only, please learn by yourself.
I hope it helps you.