Song Shenzong Xining four years (107 1), Su Shi wrote a letter criticizing the new law, which caused Wang Anshi's dissatisfaction, so he asked Xie to dismember Su Shi.
At that time, all the officials knew that they were proud. Whatever the reason, it is suggested that illegal intervention, except self-defense, is voluntary resignation. So Su Shi begged to be placed in the office, and then began his world tour.
From the fourth year of Xining to the seventh year of Xining (1074), he served as the chief judge of Hangzhou, and was transferred to Mizhou (Zhucheng, Shandong Province) in the autumn of Xining. Three years later, in April of the tenth year of Xining (1077), he was transferred to Xuzhou, where he was known until March of the second year of Yuanfeng (1079).
During his two years in Xuzhou, Su Shi got rid of graft, built water conservancy projects and treated others with leniency, gained outstanding political discourse power, and created many classic huazhang, leaving many poetic memories for Xuzhou.
Soon after Su Shi took office in Xuzhou, he caught up with the Yellow River and burst its banks, flooding the gates of Pengcheng. His first job was fighting floods and providing disaster relief.
In order to prevent the chaos of people's livelihood, he first earnestly discouraged the rich from leaving the city to avoid disasters and calmed the hearts of the citizens in the city. Then, he recruited 5,000 migrant workers, opened up a cold outlet, dredged the vulgar river, and strengthened the outer city day and night to prevent floods from washing away the city walls.
In order to complete the reinforcement project of the outer city as soon as possible, Su Shi went to the imperial military camp stationed in Xuzhou in person, wearing straw sandals and leaning on a wooden stick, and begged them to send someone to support the flood fighting and disaster relief. The Imperial Guard has long heard of Master Su Shi and was moved by his sincerity. He sent the imperial guards and local citizens to rob the outer city levee all the way, and built the levee to protect the city in a very short time, which is the embryonic form of Xuzhou Su Causeway.
After the flood receded, Su Shi wrote to the imperial court, pleading for the exemption of Xuzhou's money and grain, and also proposed to build a small town outside Xuzhou to protect the main city from the threat of flood more effectively.
In the second year, the court approved Su Shi's plea, and allocated more than 30,000 yuan and 1800 stone grain from the central finance for the renovation project of the city defense measures.
Xuzhou ximatai
With Su Shi's personal planning, the flood control project in Xuzhou began to get support. The general manager built four wooden stakes and a wooden dam, and also built a yellow building in the southeast corner of the main city, taking the meaning that loess can win water as the symbol of this project.
Taohuawu Project started in February of the first year of Yuanfeng (1078) and was completed on August 12th. On September 9th, the Double Ninth Festival held a grand ceremony, which attracted many Xuzhou citizens to visit Taohuawu.
A flood control project evolved into an urban landscape innovation, which not only eased the flood of the ancient Yellow River to Xuzhou, but also added an urban landscape to the ancient city of Xuzhou. With Su Shi's temperament, it is inevitable to write poetry, so I wrote "Peach Blossom House No.9" on impulse:
Fu Cheng, who spent New Year's Eve in Chongyang, said that it was midnight in Cheng Nan.
Water thundered at the gates, and mud rained everywhere at the gates.
No one asked about the yellow wine, and came back to wash boots and socks at dusk.
After writing this poem, Su Shi felt addicted, so he wrote to his brother Su Zhe, talented scholar Qin Guan, friend Chen Shidao and others, asking them to write some equipment for Taohuawu.
Su Zhe and Su Shi are brothers, and my brother has done such a big project to benefit the place. I certainly want to praise it. Therefore, he wrote a 1000-word "Peach Blossom House Fu" magnificently, praising Su Shi's experience in water control and depicting the spectacular Peach Blossom House, with smooth brushwork and flying words.
In addition, a 500-word "Fu Huang Fu" was sent. At that time, Huang Valley, who taught in imperial academy, the capital (now a teacher in Hebei Province), also wrote two poems. The poet Chen Shidao wrote The Yellow House, which made it a literary event. These famous poets in the Song Dynasty sang together, leaving many immortal chapters, which became a literary event in history and a beautiful talk in the history of China literature, comparable to the preface to Lanting Collection, and it was Xuzhou.
The works of these associates are all nearby, and Su Shi's favorite is the Fu of Huang Mansion written by his younger brother Su Zhe. He read it several times in succession, feeling ecstatic, immediately splashed ink, wrote this article in his own unique Soviet style, and then put it up and carved it into a monument. According to the content of this poem, he also painted six landscape maps of Taohuawu, which were erected all the way to commemorate it.
Huangloufu
Song Su Zhe
Ten years in Xining, autumn and July are ugly, the river decides Ge Yuan, flows into Juye in the east, overflows Jinan in the north, and overflows Si.
In August, 1898, Pengcheng was underwater, and Yu Xiongzi took care of Pengcheng. Before the water arrived, people used a cup of rice, livestock used soil, and accumulated straw to fill the gap. They think the water is ready, so people are not afraid of it. From the Reform Movement of 1898 to Wushen in September, the water was 28 feet below the city and the equipment was blocked at the north gate. The water comes from the intercity mountain.
After a day and a night of rain, my son looked at his clothes and shoes and stayed in the city. He urged her husband to forbid pawning, so that people could not steal water and avoid it. They are handsome and live and die with the city, so the water is big and people are not broken.
Fang Shui was lewd and sweaty for thousands of miles, drifting to the Lu family, losing his tomb, and being old and weak. Strong people go crazy for lack of food and die on mountains and trees. Zi Zhan made swimmer Upright help with bait, and countless people got rid of it.
When the water dried up, the court closed the garden and there was no time for Xu. Zi Zhan said, "Yuan Ruocheng, Xu is harmless. If he is dishonest, Xu will suffer again." Therefore, please build an extra program, flush with the water, and defend it with a wooden embankment. Although the water has recovered, it is impossible to make it sick. Therefore, the water is gone and the people benefit. So the east gate of the city is a building, the chalk is loess, and it is said that "soil is better than water". Xu persuaded him.
The engaged philosopher Fang in the Song Dynasty was a gift from Huang Zhai, who would visit the Huang Zhai, view the landscape and hang the remains of the water. Its words say:
Zi Zhan and his guests were standing in the upper reaches of the yellow house. They looked up and sighed and said, "Hey, it's dangerous. In the Han and Yuan Dynasties, the river broke the river and was wild above Huaisi. Liang Chu is in his twenties. " It's dirty below and depressing above. The people are fish and turtles, and there is nothing in the county. The emperor worshiped Mount Tai and traveled to the east, mourning the innocence of the people, and having nothing to hide in his death, made a hundred officials pay a salary to declare the government. Zanzi's song has hurt it so far. It's just that this state has been pitching for thousands of years, and the east bank of the river has fallen south, repeating the legacy of the Han Dynasty. The original package is one that can see the country break and the family die. Lvliang is at loggerheads, four mountains are connected, and the camp is outside. The water can't retreat, and the city around the city misses the sea. Dancing fish and dragons in the valley, reading the mast and looking around. The rapid development of wind and the fear of war drums. The ant nest will be broken if it is not saved. Fortunately, winter is forced out, and spring shrinks back. Live in a tree and leave the dead mussels in the water. It is not providence to listen to Yuan's merits. Today, my husband and I have several banquets. We are fighting for wine, drinking and laughing. Is it an accident for my husband? "
Zi Zhan said, "Today's husband is content with happiness. If he doesn't know how to be happy, he will be involved in harm and then know it. I have tasted it. Looking around with this habitat, I saw the vastness of the sky. I think this city is a long river. Gao Pingyan looks like a seat, and the mulberry ponytail is slippery. Draw the building horizontally and point to the back of the garden. Let the fields fish in Jiangpu and let the cattle and sheep scatter in the smoke. The breeze rises, Wei Yun. Mountains and rivers are open and closed, thousands of miles apart. Looking east, the mountains are uneven and run counter to the water. The rocks are rushing to the west. Hundreds of steps swelled and the boat was submerged. There are fish and turtles everywhere, and no one plays. The city is in danger when the sound collapses and thunders. Looking from the south, you can play in Matai, the top of the Giant Buddha, rising from a special place, overlooking the city, roaming the buildings, and the heights are too cold. The water is flat and boundless. Breg connects Pu, and then connects Huaitong. Looking at the western heaven, the mountains are broken and sad. When the wheat is ripe, it is far away, and the scattered crowd has gone. Bai Niao is lonely, full of smog, overlooking the sunset. Looking from the north, Surabaya is full of water, and the ancient frontier flows into Yan State, where it flows into Taoyuan, where dragons flap, ancient trees cover the air, blackbirds sing, and Jia Ke is connected with the corner of the city. Send the setting sun to the west and attract the bright moon to the east. Golden pheasants surge in the green pheasant, and yin is easy. Look at the world and go straight up, leaving sand is more colorful. Jumping into the house makes people feel cold and shudder. Get angry and listen to the sound of the stream. Can dance with each other, quench thirst by drinking poison, abandon troubles and be detached and complacent. And the son can't see her husband's former residence here alone? The former is Ji Xiang and Liu E, while the latter is Guangbi and Jianfeng. Herds of horses, warriors in the forest. The wind is moving and the clouds are rising. Zhu Geqing Building, * * * Song Xiaozi. Tired and in vain. The mountain is high and the water is deep, but the grass is old. Gai will ask about his old age, which has been destroyed and has nothing left. So I will talk about the death of our predecessors with my son, and the Minhe River is decided by the past. Knowing that there is no change, pay a glass of wine all day. "
So all the guests smiled with relief, then got drunk, and the river fell on the moon to help them out.
After thousands of years of wind and rain, the stele on the Yellow House has long been mottled, and it still remains in the Yellow House, becoming a precious legacy left by Dongpo to Xuzhou.
There are two stories about the tablet of Huanglou Fu.
According to Song Chao and Mo Zhuang Man Lu, the word "mountains and rivers open and close" in Huanglou Fu was not written by Su Shi, but by a prostitute named.
At that time, Su Shi was very fond of a prostitute named Ma Pan. Ma Pan is not only fashionable, but also smart, and is deeply loved by Su Shi. After getting along with Su Shi for a long time, Ma Pan began to learn Su Shi's fonts, sometimes even to the point of being confused.
It happened that Su Shi was writing an inscription and went out to do business before finishing it. Ma Pan couldn't help feeling itchy when he read this letter. He raised his pen and wrote the words "Mountains and rivers open and close".
When Su Shi came back, he couldn't help laughing when he saw four words written by Ma Pan. He just polished it a little and preserved it until it was engraved on the tablet of the Yellow House.
My brother wrote a poem, my brother wrote a book, and beautiful women added words. On the one hand, the tablet of Peach Blossom House Poetry adds romantic quips to the literary brothers' works in the Song Dynasty.
Decades later, Su Shi was poisoned by his cronies and exiled to the wild land of Lingnan. His descendants were not allowed to be officials, and many stone tablets and paintings related to him were destroyed.
At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Miao Zhongxian, then the satrap of Xuzhou, took the inscription carved on Taohuawu as his own, printed thousands of copies, and then smashed the original tablet, making a lot of money by selling rubbings. Therefore, some people think that today's Huanglou stele remains are not the original stele, but are reconstructed by later generations according to rubbings.
No matter the original tablet or the imitation tablet, the humanistic spirit attached to the tablet of Huanglou Fu is the most precious wealth left by Su Shi to future generations. Stone tablets can be destroyed and articles can be burned. But Su Shi's spirit of serving as an official and benefiting one party will always be a monument.
Dongpo Gong is a generation of literary giants, who are proficient in poetry, painting and calligraphy. Politically, he is also an honest, capable and people-friendly official. He wrote this poem:
Blue is half baked by frost and withered leaves,
Meet people like children and officials like slaves.
Officials and people are not officials.
I am a cultured cultivator.
During his less than two years as the magistrate of Xuzhou, he led the army and civilians to build Su Causeway, strengthen the Yugoslav capital, build water conservancy projects and care for the people. It is Xuzhou that quickly presents a scene of political integrity and harmony. Dongpo Gong wrote the words "Huanxisha" for this purpose, which recorded the simple folk customs in his heart at that time.
Huanxi shaqiyi
Su Shi
Clothes and towels rustle with jujube flowers, and cars ring in the south and north of the village. Cow clothes and ancient willows sell cucumbers.
The sun is shining, but he is too thirsty. He wants to find some water to drink. Then knock on a villager's door and ask, can I have a bowl of tea?
In addition, Dongpo Gong, like the first coal miner in Xuzhou, discovered a coal field with excellent quality and abundant reserves in Baitu Town, five miles southwest of Xuzhou. To this end, he wrote the Carboniferous Period: "There was no Carboniferous Period in Pengcheng. In December of the first year of Yuanfeng, people were sent to patrol southwest Guizhou and north of Baitu Town. Taking smelting iron as a soldier, it is a sharp victory. "
The discovery of coal further promoted the development of local iron smelting industry. Su Shi specifically said in the Book of Xuzhou Emperor: "There are more than 70 miles in the northeast of the state, that is, state prisons. Since ancient times, iron officials and merchants have gathered together, and their people are rich and happy. Every 36 smelters have people, and there are thousands of places where refined iron is produced. The people are good at forging. ...
Besides ordinary government affairs, Su Shi has many songs to greet and send. Zhang, who is also a Sichuanese, went to Beijing to catch the exam, and specially came to Pengcheng to pay a visit to Su Shi. Dongpo wrote a famous poem "Send Zhang, Send, Go to the Palace for Examination" for him:
Yunlong Mountain tries on spring clothes.
Send the sunset in front of the crane pavilion.
Three miles of apricot flowers are the same color.
Sina Jun went to Ma Rufei.
The crane pavilion on Yunlong Mountain mentioned in this poem is another masterpiece of Su Shi in Xuzhou, which is also related to the ten-year flood in Xining.
In the autumn of the tenth year of Xining (1077), the flood destroyed Zhang Tianji's thatched cottage in Yunlong Mountain. The following spring, Zhang Tianqi moved to the eastern foot of Yunlong Mountain. Zhang Tianji is a native of Fangwai Mountain. His livestock has two cranes, which are released every morning and gathered at dusk, just like Lin Bu, a native of Xihu Mountain, and his wife and son are all Mei. Zhang Tianji also specially built a crane pavilion and invited Su Shi to be a guest here. After his visit, Su Shi wrote the immortal masterpiece "Flying Crane Pavilion", which made a well-known mountain grass pavilion famous far and near. "Come back and stay in Xishan for a long time" is famous all over the world, which has inspired the sentimentality of countless people.
Hefangguan
Song sushi
In October in Xining, Pengcheng was flooded. Zhang Jun Caotang, Water and Its Half-life in Yunlong Mountain. The next spring, the water fell and moved to the east of the former residence, at the foot of Dongshan Mountain. If you look up, you will get a different situation and build a pavilion on it.
Pengcheng Mountain and Linggang Mountain are four-in-one, which are hidden as a big ring. Without its west side, Shanren Pavilion is suitable. At the turn of spring and summer, the sky between trees and grass, the snowy moon in autumn and winter, thousands of miles away, the pitch between wind and rain is changeable.
The mountain man has two cranes, very docile and good at flying. Dan hopes that the western hills are lacking, let it go, or stand in the field or fly in the clouds. Return to Dongshan at dusk. Therefore, it is named where the pavilion is.
Su Shi, the county magistrate, went to see the villagers from the current official of Binzuo and drank and had fun in the pavilion. He told the villagers, "Do you know the happiness of seclusion? Although it is the southern king, it is not easy to change. " "Yi" says: "The crane is in the shade, and its son is in harmony. "Poetry" says: "The crane is heard in Jiugao, and its voice is heard in the sky. "Cover it, Qingyuan idle dust, so it is easy to correct with poetry than saints. A person who hides his virtue should play with it if it is beneficial rather than harmful, but a good crane in Wei Yigong will ruin his country. Duke of Zhou wrote about wine patents, Duke of Wei wrote about temperance, and advocated chaos without intoxicating, while Liu Ling and Ruan Ji were famous for their frankness. Hey, honey! South King, Qingyuan is as idle as a crane, but it is still not good, and good will destroy its country. And those who hide in the mountains and forests, though confused and defeated like wine, should not harm people, but what about cranes? From this point of view, its pleasure cannot be regarded as unified. "
The mountain man smiled and said, "Yes, yes." This is a song about letting cranes fly and inviting them:
The crane flew to the western hills to see what it was suitable for in the air. I turned my wings, gathered my troops, suddenly saw what I saw and struck again. Alone in the valley, pecking at moss, walking on the white stone.
The return of the crane is the shadow of Dongshan. There are people below, crown grass, kudzu clothes and drums. Eat hard and the rest is all yours. Come back, come back, Xishan will stay for a long time.
On the eighth day of November of the first year of Yuanfeng, I wrote "The Crane Pavilion".
Yunlongshan yunlong lake
In addition to poems and songs, Dongpo Gong also left a large number of famous paintings and calligraphy works during this period. In addition to the stone tablet on Taohuawu, there are 19 existing calligraphy posts, including Yangzhou Zi Ling post, Flood post, Yanzhu post and Pingfu post, all of which are rare treasures.
In March of the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi received the imperial edict to transfer to Huzhou. The local elders climbed onto the horse's head, toasted and presented flowers, and could not bear to leave their posts. The ostentation and extravagance is very beautiful.
Su Shi wrote a poem with tears in his eyes and bid farewell to the elders in Xuzhou: "See you later, I still have feelings."
However, when we left here, Su Shi never had a chance to return to Xuzhou. Only the top of the mountain and the waterfront still retain the legacy of Dongpo, and scholars and scholars also recite Dongpo's famous works.