Description of graduation design and framework and requirements of graduation thesis (1) A complete graduation design (thesis) usually consists of a title. Contents (table of contents), introduction (preface), text, conclusion and conclusion (thank you). References and appendices are as follows: (2) Title, also called title. A. the title should be short, clear and general. Through the title, readers can roughly understand the content, professional characteristics and subject categories of the article. But the number of words should be appropriate, generally not more than 20 words. B. methods usually draw up one or two titles when drawing up the outline of the article, and then further refine and modify the titles after the first draft is completed. If some details must be placed in the title, in order to avoid the title being too long, it can be divided into a main title and a subtitle: the main title should be short and clear, and the details should be placed in the subtitle. (3) The abstract is also called the executive summary. A. It is required to briefly describe the main contents and characteristics of this design (paper), and the text should be refined. Chinese abstract is about 300 words; Foreign language abstracts should not exceed 250 words. B. methods often write an abstract after the full text of graduation design instructions (papers) is completed. In order to make the abstract concise, concise and accurate, an abstract of several hundred words often needs to be revised several times before it can be finalized. C. Pay attention to concise words and don't expand each item. Demonstration and explanation; Statements should be objective, not subjective; Results and concluding observations are the key contents of the abstract, and more pens are used in the text to deepen the reader's impression; Write independently, and avoid the same words as the full text (especially the preface and conclusion); It is necessary to write short and concise, lively and lively, and write as vividly as possible in terms of text polishing, expression and composition structure to arouse readers' interest in reading the full text. (4) Directory, which can also be written as a directory. Requirements: independent page; At least the names of chapters and sections should be written in order; Please note the page number to the right of the chapter name. (5) Foreword Foreword, or named as introduction, preface, introduction, clue, introduction. A. Requirements (a) The design specification shall explain the source and purpose of the design. Significance, scope and technical requirements to be achieved; Briefly describe the development of this topic at home (abroad); The guiding ideology of this design; The main problems to be solved in this design; Conditions needed to solve this problem; Introduce the preliminary knowledge. If it belongs to the subject, it should also introduce the whole picture of the subject. (2) The preface is the preface of the full text. The reasons for choosing the topic should be expounded; Comments on the existing research status of this topic; The problems to be solved in this paper, the means and methods adopted, the conditions needed, the achievements and significance obtained, etc. B.it should be different from the abstract. Although the content described in the abstract and the preface is basically the same, there are still great differences. The main points are as follows: the abstract should be highly summarized, concise and to the point, and the preface can be slightly specific; Some contents of the abstract, such as the conclusion, can be expressed in general, while the preface should clearly express all contents; The reasons for not writing the topic should be clearly reflected in the preface; In terms of the number of words, the general situation is that there are many prefaces and few abstracts. (6) The text of the design task book (paper) varies with the topic, and chapters 2, 3 and 4 of this book should be introduced in combination with professional characteristics, so here are only one or two examples to illustrate. A. Design specification, including: (a) Design scheme demonstration: the theoretical basis of design shall be explained; Based on the analysis and comparison of various schemes, the characteristics of the schemes used (such as which new technologies and measures are adopted and which performances are improved) are analyzed. ) is expounded. (b) Calculation part: This part should occupy a considerable proportion in the design specification, which should list the working conditions of all parts. Given parameters. Calculation formulas of main parameters, detailed calculation steps and results; According to this calculation result, what components, equipment or components should be selected; If a computer is used in the design, it should also include the design of various software. (c) Structural design: This is also an important part of the design specification. It should include structural design. Design of various control circuits, design of functional circuits and necessary drawings. (d) Various tests and tests of prototypes or samples: including test methods, test circuits and test results. (e) Scheme verification: A clear answer should be given as to whether the designed system meets the requirements and can achieve the expected effect. The method of verification can be theoretical check (that is, back calculation); It can also pass tests and computer operations. B. The first half of the paper is a detailed description of the author's research work, which should occupy a relatively large space in the full text. The main contents include: the problems, basic premises, assumptions and conditions of research work; The establishment of the model and the drafting of the experimental scheme; Basic concepts and theoretical basis; The main method used in calculation is grid method; Experimental methods, contents and results; Theoretical argumentation; The application of theory in practice and so on. Depending on the nature of the topic, the paper may only contain the above parts. The writing requirements of the text are as follows: (a) The theoretical analysis part should specify the assumptions used and their rationality, the analytical methods, calculation methods and experimental methods used, which were used by others, which were improved by themselves and which were created by themselves. This part should not occupy too much space, and should be briefly expressed by concise Wen Zi. (b) Research methods and means: the research object of experimental methods: it should be explained whether the performance of devices, instruments and raw materials used in the experiment is up to standard; All equipment, instruments and raw materials shall be inspected and calibrated. Briefly explain the process or operation method of the experiment. What people know need not be detailed. If the experimental process is not described or the operation method is difficult to explain the problem, it can be listed in the appendix. The subject of achieving the research purpose by means and methods of theoretical deduction: this aspect must be carefully organized, so that the concept is accurate, and the judgment and reasoning conform to the development law of objective things and people's cognitive habits and procedures for objective things. In other words, it is necessary to speak in an orderly way, discuss rationally, take the argument as the center, and organize a complete and rigorous article. The subject of achieving the research purpose by investigation: the mentioned object, scope, time, place, investigation process and method should be related to the final result of the research, although it is not the result itself, it should also be expounded. Samples and data extracted during the investigation. New discoveries and the like must be detailed. This is the basis of the conclusion, if written abstractly. Simple, the conclusion is not firm, and the analysis is not credible. Pay special attention when writing. (c) Results and discussion, which is the core of the whole paper, generally occupies more space. When writing, we should carefully screen the research results and put in those necessary and sufficient data, phenomena and samples. Select knowledge to write in, as the basis of analysis, try to avoid all details and come clean. In the quantitative analysis of the results, we should explain the data processing method and error analysis, explain the conditions of the phenomenon and its provability, explain the origin and development of knowledge in theoretical derivation, so that others can verify and verify it accordingly, and write the conclusions and inferences after the analysis results. At this time, we should also explain the applicable conditions and scope. (7) Conclusion A. It is required to summarize the situation and value of the work, analyze its advantages and characteristics, point out the innovation, what level the performance has reached, point out the existing problems and the future improvement direction, especially the important problems encountered in the work, and put forward your own opinions. "It reflects the author's research results and expresses the author's views and opinions on the research topic. It is the ideological essence of the full text and the embodiment of the value of the article. But the length cannot be too long. B. the conclusion of the precautions should be simple and clear. The wording should be strict but easy to understand. The conclusion should reflect the personal work, and the conclusions already made by others can be mentioned less. We should introduce our work results realistically, avoid exaggerating, and leave room when we are not fully sure. Because the exploration of scientific problems is endless. (8) Conclusion At the end of the article, it is usually a short speech, expressing gratitude to those who gave us direct help in the work process, such as the instructor and the question-answering teacher. This is not only a courtesy, but also a respect for the work of others, and it is the ideological style that scholars should have. (9) References and appendix references are indispensable parts of graduation design and thesis. It reflects the source and breadth of graduation design and materials. A complete reference is also a valuable material for readers. Please refer to section 1.2.4 of this book for detailed rules that should be paid attention to when citing references. In addition, some contents (such as formula derivation, algorithmic language programs or drawings, data tables, etc. ) if it is not suitable for the text but has reference value, it can be incorporated into the appendix of the paper. 6. Writing steps are generally divided into writing an outline. Write the first draft, revise the final draft and copy. (1) The graduation thesis or design instruction for writing an outline is long and complicated, so you should draw up a written outline before writing. The advantages of writing a manuscript according to the outline are: first, it can help you organize the materials; Second, you can think carefully about the problem; Third, avoid omissions. The proposed outline should have complete items and can initially form an outline of the article; We should focus on the overall situation and weigh all parts; Ask the tutor for advice and pay attention to more revisions. We should actively think and constantly explore our own ideas when writing, in order to achieve satisfactory results. (2) Writing the first draft of graduation thesis is a very hard work stage. Pay attention to the following requirements when writing: write your own ideas as early as possible. The content of the first draft should be as rich as possible to facilitate the revision of the final draft. Of course, we should also prevent blind stacking and write it as a material warehouse. Have style. Putonghua is adopted, and the sentences are concise, easy to understand and easy to read. Avoid using ungrammatical spoken language and avoid using the style of science and technology news reporting. Express smoothly, don't stay on the side. Write more cleanly and clearly. It is best to use manuscript paper, with few words on the page and enough space around to add, delete and modify. (3) Revise and finalize the articles or works of many great writers. Before they are published in public, they have been revised repeatedly to make them perfect. For college students who write their graduation thesis and design instructions for the first time, they should pay more attention to the careful revision of the article. The modification scope includes viewpoint modification and material modification; In form, it includes modifying structure, modifying language and so on. A. modify the point of view. First, the revision of views, take a look at the basic views of the full text and explain whether some of its subordinate arguments are biased, one-sided or inaccurate. The second is to deepen your point of view and see if your point of view is similar to others, meaningful and innovative. B. modify the materials. It is through adding, deleting, modifying and changing the materials that support and explain the author's views that the materials are fully refined, accurate and distinctive. C. modify the structure, mostly by partially adjusting the organizational arrangement of the article content. Under the following circumstances, it should generally be revised: (1) the central argument or sub-argument has changed greatly; (b) The level is not clear enough, the content is repeated before and after, or the content is not fully expressed; (c) The paragraphs are not standardized, and the division is too fragmentary or rough to express the hierarchy; (d) The link of the structure is incomplete and the content is loosely organized. D. modify the language. Including words, sentences, grammar, logic, etc. As an academic article, the language should be accurate, scientific and readable. According to this basic requirement, language modification starts from the following aspects: changing inaccuracy into accuracy; Change verbosity and repetition into conciseness; Turn vulgarity into popularity; Turn mediocrity into vividness; Turn vulgar slang into academic terms.