Here is the birthplace of human ancestors, with myths and legends such as Pangu's creation of the world, the marriage of Fuxi Nuwa, the ancestor of China, the goddess mending the sky, Xuanyuan Huangdi praying for heaven to break the human-god, and Dayu's water control. At the end of primitive society, Huaichuan civilization located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River basin attracted hundreds of nationalities from all directions and became the center of the birthplace of the Chinese nation.
This is the starting point of the Shang Tang revolution; It is the frontier base of King Wu's cutting; It is the base camp of Guangxu Zhongxing in the later Han Dynasty. It is the source of "the beginning of the mysterious wind" and the birthplace of Taiji culture with gossip as its soul. It is the root of water conservancy culture and resort culture; It is the root of China's 46 surnames and Japanese three surnames: Sakamoto, Okura and Harada.
The place where Shennong sacrificed to heaven and tasted herbs and the remains of Sun Simiao, the king of medicine, show the origin of ancient agriculture and medicine. Many ceramic cultural relics and Dangyangyu ceramic sites have been unearthed, which shows that Huaichuan is the source of the developed ceramic culture. Xia Zhengxiao, first promulgated by Dayu, is the root of China calendar, which originated from Tai Ji Chuan in Chenjiagou, Baji Boxing in Yueshan Temple and Ape Boxing in Elite Temple, proving that Huaichuan is the root of martial arts in China, the center of Taoism and the holy land of Buddhism.
This is the hometown of many masters. Numerous historical celebrities such as Confucius, Li Bai, Bai Juyi and Han Yu have traveled, lived in seclusion or been buried here. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest" lived in seclusion in Xiuwu Baijiayan, which had a great influence.
Jiaozuo is located in the north bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, with a long history of agricultural development and a fine tradition of intensive cultivation. As early as seven or eight thousand years ago, people planted millet and other food crops here. Judging from the Neolithic cultural sites excavated in Jiaozuo area, there are not only a large number of production tools such as stone shovels, axes, stone sickles and clam knives, but also signs of primitive agricultural production such as wells and houses. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, local agriculture was very developed. The handicraft industry in ancient Jiaozuo was also very developed. Mainly in mining, smelting, pottery, weaving and arts and crafts. There was a coal mining industry in the Warring States period, and there was a considerable mining scale in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which continued to this day, making Jiaozuo known as the "coal city". According to archaeological excavations, there were bronzes here in the Spring and Autumn Period. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Yangshan became one of the largest smelting bases in China, and a number of workshops mainly manufacturing weapons and farm tools appeared in the Song Dynasty.
According to historical records, there are 60 historical ancient cities in the city, including 6 in the urban area; There are 335 temples, of which more than 70 are located in urban areas. According to statistics, there are 833 immovable cultural relics in the city, including 6 national key cultural relics protection units, 44 at the provincial level and 492 at the county level. There are 2 14 immovable cultural relics in urban areas, including 1 national key cultural relics protection unit, 6 provincial-level sites and 865438+ municipal sites. Daoqing Railway, Zemeisheng Mine, Fu Company Office Building and Qianzhuang reflect the history of modern coal cities. Jiaozuo Institute of Technology (now Henan Polytechnic University) is the earliest institution of higher learning in Henan Province. Traditional history and culture are still shining in Jiaozuo today, and have been inherited and developed.
The period of the Yellow Emperor was an era of invention and creation of the Chinese nation, and farming, living, fishing and hunting, clothing, water storage, pottery making and other industries rose. The emperor advocated "science", rewarded people who made inventions, assigned him to be responsible for the affairs of a certain industry, and brought his expertise into play.
Jiaozuo area is the fief of Ning. Ning is a person's name and a tribal leader in Jiaozuo area. The land in this area, and therefore the name of the tribal leader, is called "Yining". Up to now, Xiuwu is called Ning for short, and Yuntai Mountain is called "Ningbei Mountain" because of this cultural origin.
The name of the Yellow Emperor comes from the development of yellow land and agriculture. At the same time, why is Ning named after Ning? It is related to family blood culture and fertility culture. It is Ning who ended the state of human society without family and began to form a family life style with blood relationship as the link, and differentiated, continued and strengthened future generations with parent-child relationship. Created a social organization model with the family as the social cell.
Jiaozuo area is called Huaichuan, also known as Hanoi. When the Huangdi tribe began its agricultural civilization in Henan and Hedong, the Henning tribe in the three rivers began its family civilization. Hanoi is surrounded by mountains and rivers, criss-crossing rivers and lakes, rich in water resources, salty soil and dense forests and grasses. Ning people in the water town advocate fire; The beginning of family culture needs fire. In the soil, where the fire is fixed, the clay burns pottery, which gives Ning Ren the inspiration to make pottery.
The soil in Ningdi is suitable for making pottery, which can be proved from the later making of twisted porcelain and twisted pottery in Dangyangyu to the pottery kilns and porcelain kilns everywhere in Jiaozuo in the Song Dynasty. Ningshou is good at making pottery. The Yellow Emperor named him Zi, and people respectfully called him Zi. This "zi" is Confucius' "zi", which means to be a teacher and to give and receive. Later generations regarded it as a pottery god.
AD 1896 (the 22nd year of Guangxu reign of Qing Dynasty), Italian Rosadi came to China as an acting priest under the banner of investigating the post-war situation between China and Japan, and discovered Jiaozuo, a treasure house containing high-quality anthracite (Jiaozuo anthracite was called "fragrant slag" by the Queen of England and selected for royal use). After Rosati returned to Europe, in March of 1897, she organized a British-Italian joint venture company at Cannon Street 10 in London, England, and registered it according to English law, and named it British Rich Company, hereinafter referred to as Rich Company. Later, she set up an office in Beijing, with Jameson, the British Consul General in Shanghai, as the general director, planning to plunder coal resources in Shanxi and Jiaozuo. By exerting pressure and playing with economic means, they forced the Qing government to submit, and let Liu E, the comprador governor of the British Fu Company, expand the business of Fu Company in China. 1On March 27th, 898, with the approval of Emperor Guangxu, the yamen of the Qing government signed nine contracts with Fu Company. On July 20th, 1902, Fu Company started to build the railway from Sanliwan Wharf at Daokou to Jiaozuo mining area without the official approval of the Qing government. At the end of that year, the railway regulations of Daokou Town (then Xunxian, now Daokou Town, hua county) and Zezhou Town (then Zezhou, Shanxi, now Jincheng, Shanxi) were agreed with the Qing government. The following year, the Qing government allowed Fu Company to build a section from Daoze Railway Crossing to Qinghua (then Qinghua Town of Hanoi County, now Qinghua Town of Bo 'ai County).
Jiaozuo is the earliest city in Henan Province to supply tap water, starting from 1908. At that time, Fu Ying Company installed pumping facilities in No.1 and No.2 coal mines, built a square water tower with iron inside and brick outside on the well platform, pumped water into the tower, and supplied tap water through pipelines.
The earliest use of electric lights and street lamps in Henan Province was in Jiaozuo, starting from 19 19. At that time, both Yingshangfu Company and its employees had electric lights. There are more than ten street lamps in Zhongshan East Street (now Xinhua Street), all of which are cowbell-shaped.
The earliest power plant in Henan Province is Jiaozuo Power Plant. Its predecessor was the affiliated power plant of Jiaozuo Coal Mine of Yingshangfu Company, which was built in the 31st year of Guangxu (AD 1905).
The strike of coal miners in Jiaozuo Yingshangfu Company broke out on 1925. Its duration, scale and momentum are rare in the history of China workers' movement. It dealt a heavy blow to the imperialist forces in Jiaozuo and effectively mobilized and inspired the people of Jiaozuo. It shocked the Central Plains, enjoyed a high reputation in China, and attracted great attention from people from all walks of life and famous leaders in the Communist Party of China (CPC). Qu Qiubai, Liu Shaoqi, Zhao Shiyan and Wang Ruofei. He commented and praised his works and talks successively. 1926, 13 On March 3rd, that is, the 11th day when striking workers in Jiaozuo signed the conditions for returning to work, Mao Zedong published an important article "Analysis of various social classes in China" in China Youth. In this article, Mao Zedong warmly compared the strike in Jiaozuo coal mine with the strike in Hong Kong seafarers, the strike in Han Jing railway, the strike in Kailuan coal mine, the strike in Shamian, Guangzhou and the strike in Shanghai and Hong Kong after the May 30th tragedy, praising them for their "exceptional ability to fight" and giving high praise to the 1925 anti-imperialist strike in Jiaozuo coal mine.
Since then, the thorough revolutionary spirit of Jiaozuo coal miners' "special ability to fight" has become the wealth of the people's revolutionary struggle and socialist construction throughout the country. Today, the spirit of "extraordinary fighting" has been used by all walks of life, resulting in a series of ideas such as "extraordinary hardship", "extraordinary hardship" and "extraordinary dedication", which inspire people to forge ahead. Nationalism, patriotism, collectivism and the spirit of sacrifice and dedication constitute the deepest and richest connotation of Jiaozuo coal miners' "special warfare" spirit.
Jiaozuo was inhabited by human beings as early as 8000 years ago during the clan commune.
Xia Dynasty belongs to Jizhou, which is called the land of Qinhuai.
Both Shang Dynasty and Western Zhou Dynasty belong to the mainland of Kyrgyzstan, belonging to Yong, Han and Wen.
The Eastern Zhou Dynasty is the land of southern Shanxi.
The warring States period belongs to Wei, Wei.
Qin belongs to Sanchuan County.
The Western Han Dynasty belonged to Hanoi County, Jizhou.
The Eastern Han Dynasty belonged to Hanoi County and was a department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Hanoi County of the Three Kingdoms belongs to Wei Jizhou.
Metal Hanoi County, Jixian County and Xingyang County.
The Southern and Northern Dynasties belonged to Hanoi County and Xingyang County.
After Wei Dynasty, it belonged to Hanoi County, Wude County, Sizhou County and Donghengnong County.
Sui belongs to Hanoi County, Jixian County and Xingyang County.
Tang belongs to Hanoi County, Huaizhou County of Hebei Province, Mengzhou County of Henan Province, Xingyang County of Henan Province and Zhengzhou.
The five dynasties belong to Huaizhou, Mengzhou, Zhengzhou and Kaifeng.
The Northern Song Dynasty belongs to Hebei West Road, Huaizhou Hanoi County, Beijing Northwest Road, Jiyuan County, Beijing West Road, Zhengzhou Fengning Military System, and Gyeonggi Kaifeng House.
Yuan belongs to Huaiqing Road, Hebei Road, Mengzhou Road and Bianliang Road in Jiangbei Province of Henan Province.
Ming belongs to Sihuaiqing Road and Kaifeng House, and deploys special envoys to Hanoi.
Qing belongs to Huaiqing House in Henan Province.
19 13, Hanoi County was changed to Qinyang County. 1927, the eastern part of Qinyang County was set aside to establish Aibo County. Jiaozuo City was established on September 8, 1945. March 1948, changed to Jiaozuo county. 1949101month 15, changed to Jiaozuo mining area and placed under the leadership of Xinxiang administrative office of Pingyuan province. 1952165438+1October 15. Pingyuan province was abolished and Jiaozuo mining area was placed under the leadership of Xinxiang administrative office of Henan province. On July 9, 1956, it was changed to Jiaozuo City directly under the leadership of Henan Province. 1 959 65438+February1,Xiuwu and Bo 'ai counties were placed under the leadership of Jiaozuo City. On August 1960 and 15, Xiuwu and Aibo counties were abolished and merged into Jiaozuo City; Wenxian County was abolished and merged into Qinyang County. 196 1 year1year1October 5th, martial arts, fraternity and Wenxian resumed and were under the leadership of Xinxiang administrative office. 1974 65438+ 10/0/9, Jiaozuo was under the dual leadership of Henan Province and Xinxiang District. 1March, 982, Jiaozuo was designated as a provincial city. In September 1983, 1, Xiuwu and Aibo counties were placed under the leadership of Jiaozuo City. 1986 65438+ 10, wen county, Wuzhi, Mengxian, Jiyuan and Qinyang were placed under the leadership of Jiaozuo city. 1988 Jiyuan county was changed to Jiyuan city. 1989, Qinyang County was changed to Qinyang City. From 65438 to 0997, Meng County was changed to mengzhou city, and Jiyuan City was directly under the leadership of Henan Province. In 2002, Jiaozuo City administered Qinyang City, mengzhou city, Xiuwu County, Wuzhi County, Wenxian County and Aibo County, as well as four urban areas of Liberated Area, Shanyang District, zhongzhan district and macun district, with a total of 1 16 township (town) offices.